Volume 4 Issue 2 Mar-Apr 2026

Net-Zero Pathways For Thailand’s Hotel Sector: Strategic Roadmaps And Technological Adoption (2030-2040)_613

Authors: Dr. Aphisavadh Sirivadhanawaravachara

Abstract: The Thai hotel industry is an essential sector in Thailand’s economy, but it also has an impact on greenhouse gas emissions due to high energy consumption in construction processes like air conditioning, lighting, heating, and waste disposal. This study aims to investigate the ways and strategies that can be taken towards achieving net-zero emissions in Thailand’s hotel industry between 2030 and 2040, focusing on major tourist destinations like Bangkok, Phuket, and Chiang Mai. A heat model has been applied in this study to analyze emissions during the maintenance phase in the construction of hotel buildings. It has been found that there are differences in emissions in these regions due to dissimilarities in climate and structural conditions. Bangkok has lower emissions compared to Phuket and Chiang Mai. Technologies that can be applied in achieving net-zero emissions have also been identified in this study, including solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, heat pump, wind power, waste heat, and energy efficiency in building construction and operation. Strategic roadmaps have been proposed in achieving these technologies in the short term (2023-2025), medium term (2026-2030), and long term (2031-2040). These have been aligned with Thailand’s Sustainable Tourism Goals (STGs). Moreover, the study has emphasized the significance of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms through key performance indicators like energy consumption, renewable energy, and waste. Despite these opportunities, there are challenges in achieving net-zero emissions, including financial, technological, and regulatory issues, particularly in small and medium-sized hotel enterprises. It has been concluded in this study that, with the application of renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency, Thailand can move towards achieving sustainability in its hotel industry.

Adoption And Impact Of Solar Energy In India: Renewable Energy Transition, Policy Development, And Sustainable Power Generation

Authors: Naman Bhardwaj

Abstract: The transition from fossil fuel–based energy systems to renewable energy sources has become a major global priority due to environmental, economic, and sustainability concerns. Rapid industrialization and population growth have significantly increased global energy demand, leading to excessive consumption of conventional fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels contribute heavily to greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and climate change. As a result, renewable energy technologies have gained considerable attention as sustainable alternatives. Among various renewable energy sources, solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising and rapidly expanding technologies worldwide. Solar power systems convert sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic cells or solar thermal technologies. With technological advancements, decreasing installation costs, and supportive government policies, solar energy has become increasingly competitive compared with traditional energy generation methods. This research paper analyzes the development, adoption, and impact of solar energy in India. The study examines the economic, environmental, and technological aspects of solar power while also evaluating government initiatives, market trends, and implementation challenges. The research relies on secondary data collected from government publications, academic literature, and renewable energy statistics. The findings indicate that solar energy has substantial potential to support sustainable development, improve energy security, reduce carbon emissions, and generate employment opportunities. However, barriers such as high initial investment costs, energy storage limitations, land requirements, and grid integration challenges continue to affect widespread adoption. The study concludes that continued policy support, technological innovation, and strategic investment will be essential to accelerate solar energy growth in India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19017904

Influence Of Advertising Intensity On Firm Valuation Hindustan Unilever Ltd

Authors: Swapnil Singh, Dr. Rajendra Kumar

Abstract: This research report examines the influence of advertising intensity on firm valuation in the case of Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL), a leading Indian fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) company. Operating in a high-rivalry sector, HUL treats advertising as an economic investment to shape consumer preference, premium pricing, and long-term brand equity. Using a secondary-data approach covering the period FY2016 to FY2023, the study compiles financial and operating data from annual reports and market-capitalization history. The report calculates advertising intensity—advertising and promotion expenditure relative to sales—alongside profitability ratios and market-based valuation indicators. The analysis reveals that while HUL’s absolute advertising spend increased substantially over the decade, advertising intensity did not rise uniformly; it often declined during years of sharp revenue expansion. Empirical findings suggest the relationship between advertising intensity and valuation is not strongly linear in a same-year sense. Correlation between current intensity and market-capitalization-to-sales ratios is weak, though lagged relationships appear somewhat more positive. The study concludes that advertising intensity influences firm valuation indirectly and cumulatively by reinforcing brand strength and earnings quality. Valuation appears to depend on a broader integrated system including profitability, scale, and investor expectations rather than isolated expenditure ratios. For a mature market leader, optimal advertising productivity within a coherent strategic model is more vital than simply maximizing the intensity ratio.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19002107

Impact Of Fintech Apps On Investment Behaviour Of Young Investors

Authors: Sanya Dixit, Dr. Samarth Pande

Abstract: Swift developments in financial technology applications are altering the way young individuals spend their money. Trading spots are now located on smartphones, but instead of the doors being locked in old fashioned ways, they are open. With such tools, it becomes easier to penetrate markets than it was previously. On closer examination, routines grow around screen taps – the frequency of trades, the things noticed by user concerning money, and decisions taken when risks arise. Much of this trend is influenced by the young adults who are aged between eighteen to thirty. The information was provided through completed questionnaires containing closed-ended questions, which were further presented in the form of number shares and graphs. What is interesting is found in the behavior of numbers among answers provided. It happens that FinTech tools enable more individuals to use money services, learn about investing, but make them make personal decisions. Nevertheless, more convenient access via online does not simply open doors but rather leads to more trading, faster buying-selling transactions as well as crowd-induced impulses influenced by friends on the internet and viral publications. The most remarkable fact is that digital money space can uplift knowledge and at the same time ignites a impulsive bet. Scholars find evident lessons here – especially to app developers, educators, government planners – to develop wiser habits in the area of tech-based investing. Youthful investors put their money in the online world of trading – they leap before they look. It is not only knowledge that shapes choices but habits that lie beneath the decisions that we make in our everyday lives. FinTech apps change the flow of money and transform the patterns of moving money without making a big noise. Risk appetite is increased not only by reason, but by mood, by instant, memory.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19015701

Adoption Of Upi And Digital Payments In India: A Study Across Various Age Groups

Authors: Apoorva Solanki, Dr. Sabeeha Fatima

Abstract: The rapid growth of digital payment systems has changed the financial landscape in India. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has become a leading platform. Developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), UPI has significantly improved accessibility, convenience, and efficiency in digital transactions. This study looks at the adoption of UPI and digital payment systems among different age groups in India using secondary data sources. The research reviews published reports, RBI data, NPCI statistics, research articles, and government publications to understand how different age groups adopt these technologies, the trends in growth, and the factors that influence this adoption. The study points out differences in digital payment usage between younger, middle-aged, and older populations. It also examines factors like technological awareness, smartphone use, internet access, , and ease of use that affect adoption behavior. The findings show that younger age groups have higher adoption rates due to their familiarity with technology, while older populations are gradually accepting these systems thanks to digital literacy programs and supportive policies. The study concludes that UPI has played a key role in promoting financial inclusion and decreasing reliance on cash transactions in India. However, challenges such as the digital divide, cybersecurity issues, and infrastructure limitations still impact consistent adoption among all age groups.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19015881

The Role Of Digital And Social Media In Promoting Insurance Products: A Comprehensive Analysis

Authors: Abhay Kumar Mishra, Azra Ishrat

Abstract: The digital revolution has significantly transformed marketing practices across industries, including the insurance sector. Traditional insurance marketing methods such as cold calling, agent-based selling, and print advertisements are gradually being replaced by digital and social media-driven strategies. This research paper examines the role of digital and social media platforms in promoting insurance products, enhancing customer engagement, improving brand awareness, and increasing sales conversions. Using a mixed-method research approach, this study analyzes campaign data, engagement metrics, and industry practices to evaluate the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies in the insurance sector. The findings indicate that personalized content, data-driven advertising, influencer collaborations, interactive engagement, search engine optimization, and automation tools significantly improve customer acquisition and retention. However, regulatory challenges, ethical concerns, and compliance risks remain critical considerations. The study concludes with strategic recommendations to help insurance companies optimize digital marketing performance while maintaining transparency and regulatory compliance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19016013

The Changing Dynamics Of Work-Life Balance In The Era Of Remote Work

Authors: Pragati Dixit, Dr Charu Bisaria

Abstract: The emergence of remote work has significantly transformed traditional workplace structures and has reshaped employees’ experiences regarding work-life balance. With advancements in digital technologies and communication platforms, organizations across the globe are increasingly adopting remote and hybrid working models. While remote work provides flexibility and autonomy, it also presents challenges related to blurred boundaries between work and personal life. The present study examines the changing dynamics of work-life balance in the era of remote work and analyzes how remote working arrangements influence employee satisfaction, productivity, and well-being. The study adopts a quantitative research approach using structured questionnaires distributed among employees working in remote and hybrid environments. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using convenience sampling. The findings reveal a strong positive relationship between remote work flexibility and work-life balance. Employees experiencing higher levels of flexibility reported greater job satisfaction and improved well-being. However, challenges such as digital fatigue, increased workload, and difficulty maintaining work boundaries were also identified. The study concludes that organizations must implement effective remote work policies, encourage flexible scheduling, and promote employee well-being programs to ensure sustainable work-life balance in digital work environments.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19016272

A Comparative Study Of Online And Offline Marketing And Its Impact On Changing Consumer Behaviour

Authors: Kushagra Verma, Dr. Azra Ishrat

Abstract: The rapid advancement of digital technologies, widespread internet accessibility, and increasing smartphone penetration have significantly transformed marketing practices and consumer behaviour worldwide. Traditional offline marketing methods, including print media, television, radio, outdoor advertising, and direct selling, are increasingly being complemented or replaced by online marketing strategies such as social media marketing, search engine optimization, email marketing, pay-per-click advertising, and e-commerce platforms. The present study aims to comparatively analyze online and offline marketing approaches and examine their influence on changing consumer behaviour. The research explores key differences in reach, cost, interaction, measurability, and targeting capabilities between the two marketing paradigms. Furthermore, it investigates how digitalization has reshaped consumer decision-making processes, purchasing patterns, and brand engagement. The findings suggest that while online marketing provides enhanced personalization, cost efficiency, and measurable outcomes, offline marketing continues to contribute to brand credibility and regional outreach. The study concludes that an integrated marketing communication strategy combining both approaches is essential for sustainable business growth in the contemporary digital economy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19016471

Talent Management Practices And Their Impact On Employee Retention In Modern Organization

Authors: Ms Shreya Singh, Dr Charu Bisaria

Abstract: In today’s competitive and rapidly evolving business environment, organizations increasingly recognize employees as strategic assets rather than operational resources. Effective talent management practices have therefore become essential for sustaining competitive advantage and ensuring long-term organizational success. This study examines the relationship between talent management practices and employee retention in modern organizations. It focuses on how structured approaches to recruitment, training and development, performance management, succession planning, employee engagement, and compensation strategies influence employees’ intention to remain with an organization. The research adopts a conceptual and analytical approach to evaluate how systematic talent management contributes to higher job satisfaction, enhanced organizational commitment, and reduced turnover intentions. Modern organizations operate in an environment characterized by technological advancement, workforce diversity, and intense competition for skilled professionals. In such conditions, attracting qualified employees alone is insufficient; organizations must also develop, motivate, and retain them effectively. The study highlights that when employees perceive fair career growth opportunities, transparent performance evaluation systems, continuous learning support, and recognition for contributions, their loyalty and engagement levels significantly increase. Furthermore, the research identifies that talent management practices directly impact psychological factors such as job security, career progression clarity, and workplace belongingness. These factors collectively reduce voluntary turnover and strengthen organizational stability. The study also emphasizes the role of leadership support and organizational culture in reinforcing talent management systems. Without strategic alignment between human resource policies and organizational goals, retention strategies may not produce sustainable outcomes. The findings suggest that integrated talent management frameworks positively influence employee retention by fostering trust, professional development, and long-term commitment. Organizations that invest in structured talent development and reward systems are more likely to reduce recruitment costs, improve productivity, and maintain a skilled workforce. In conclusion, talent management is not merely an HR function but a strategic mechanism that significantly contributes to employee retention and overall organizational performance in modern business environments.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19016586

The Impact of AI Chatbots Vs Human Support in E-Commerce

Authors: Ayushi Gupta, Dr Manoj Pandey

Abstract: This study examines the comparative effectiveness of AI chatbots and human support systems in the e-commerce sector. With the rapid digitalization of retail and growing customer expectations for instant service, organizations increasingly rely on artificial intelligence (AI) driven chatbots to handle customer interactions. At the same time, human support representatives continue to play a vital role in managing complex, emotional, and high-value customer issues. The research adopts a conceptual and analytical approach by reviewing existing scholarly literature and industry findings to evaluate efficiency, cost implications, customer satisfaction, personalization, scalability, and trust factors associated with both support systems. The study identifies that AI chatbots provide 24/7 availability, quick response time, operational cost reduction, and scalability advantages. However, human support demonstrates superior performance in empathy, emotional intelligence, conflict resolution, and handling complex queries. Findings suggest that while AI chatbots significantly improve operational efficiency and first-level query resolution, human agents remain essential for customer retention and relationship building. The study concludes that a hybrid support model integrating AI automation with human intervention delivers the most effective results in enhancing customer experience and organizational performance in e-commerce.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19016699

Dissertation Impact of Celebrity Endorsements on Brand Credibility and Consumer Trust

Authors: Shivangi Kaur, Dr. Ashish Chandra

Abstract: Celebrity endorsement has become one of the most widely used marketing strategies in modern advertising. Brands often collaborate with well-known personalities to enhance brand image, increase credibility, and influence consumer perceptions. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of celebrity endorsements on brand credibility and consumer trust. The study explores how the popularity, attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness of celebrities influence consumer attitudes toward a brand. With increasing competition in the marketplace, companies rely heavily on endorsements to build emotional connections with consumers and improve brand recall. The research analyzes how consumers interpret celebrity associations with brands and how these endorsements influence purchasing decisions. The findings indicate that celebrity endorsements significantly contribute to strengthening brand credibility and improving consumer trust when the celebrity image aligns with the brand identity. However, inappropriate or controversial celebrity behaviour may negatively affect brand perception. The study provides insights for marketers to strategically utilize celebrity endorsements in advertising campaigns to enhance consumer trust and brand reputation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19017259

The Impact of Role of Social Media in International Expansion of Indian Brands

Authors: Gaurav Mishra, Dr. Samarth Pande

Abstract: This study investigates the role of social media in enabling the international expansion of Indian brands. With global digital connectivity and the democratization of content distribution, social media platforms have become strategic channels for brand visibility, consumer engagement, market entry, and international relationship building. The research synthesizes theoretical perspectives and empirical findings to explore how Indian firms leverage social media for market knowledge, targeted communication, influencer partnerships, e-commerce integration, and reputation management in foreign markets. Using a conceptual-analytical approach and a focused literature review, the study identifies the mechanisms through which social media reduces market entry costs, accelerates brand awareness, and facilitates rapid consumer feedback loops. It also examines constraints such as cultural adaptation, regulatory heterogeneity, platform algorithms, and misinformation. Findings indicate that social media significantly lowers barriers to internationalisation for resource-constrained Indian brands when used strategically and localized effectively. Recommendations for practitioners and directions for future empirical research conclude the paper.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19017507

Marketing Strategies of Indian MNCs in Emerging Markets: A Strategic Analysis

Authors: Aditya Verma, Dr. Samarth Pande

Abstract: Globalization has enabled many Indian multinational corporations (MNCs) to expand their operations beyond domestic boundaries into emerging markets across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These markets present significant growth opportunities due to increasing population, rising income levels, and expanding consumer demand. However, they also pose challenges such as cultural diversity, regulatory differences, infrastructure limitations, and economic volatility. This research paper examines the marketing strategies adopted by Indian MNCs to successfully penetrate and sustain their presence in emerging markets. The study analyzes strategies such as localization, cost leadership, digital marketing adoption, distribution network expansion, and strategic partnerships. Using a mixed-method research approach, the study evaluates how these strategies influence brand positioning, market penetration, and customer engagement. The findings indicate that adaptive marketing strategies, culturally sensitive branding, and digital transformation significantly contribute to the success of Indian MNCs in emerging economies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19017560

Impact Of Green Finance On Environment Sustainability

Authors: S. Prasanna Kumar, Hari Hara Sudhan, Abdul Ajeez.

Abstract: Green finance has emerged as a vital mechanism for promoting sustainable development by aligning environmental priorities with economic growth. Rising environmental degradation, climate change and increasing carbon emission largely driven by rapid industrialization and conventional financial system have intensified the need to redirect financial resources towards environmental sustainability activities. This examines the impact of green finance on sustainable growth in India. It analyzes the expansion of green finance instruments, evaluates their contribution to carbon emission reduction and assesses their role in advancing renewable energy and environmentally responsible investments. The findings indicate a steady increase in green bond issuance and sustainable debt instruments in India, reflecting growing investor awareness supportive regulatory measures and proactive policy initiatives. Green bonds account for a significant share of the sustainable debt market primarily financing renewable energy ,clean transportation and sustainable infrastructure projects comparative emission analysis further shows that electric vehicles significantly reduce lifecycle carbon emissions compared to conventional vehicles , thereby supporting India transition towards a low carbon economy .Despite this progress challenges such as the lack of a standardized green taxonomy limited private sector participation investment risks and concern related to greenwashing continue to hinder broader implementation .Lastly strengthening regulatory frameworks enhancing environmental, social and governance disclosure standards and encouraging greater private sector involvement are essential to maximizing the long term environmental and economic benefits of green finance in India.

Economic Transformation And Colonial Disruption In Things Fall Apart

Authors: Kachamdai Gangmei

Abstract: The novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe presents a powerful depiction of traditional Igbo society before and during European colonial expansion in West Africa. While the novel is frequently studied for its cultural and political themes, its economic dimension is equally important. This research paper explores the economic structure of Igbo society and examines how colonial intervention transforms that system. Through textual analysis, the study investigates agricultural production, communal labor, trade networks, and the economic roles within the Igbo community. The research argues that the traditional agrarian economy of Umuofia functions as a stable system that supports social hierarchy and cultural traditions. However, the arrival of colonial institutions gradually disrupts these structures and contributes to the fragmentation of Igbo society.

Comparative Study Of Financial Efficiency Of Metro Rail Systems In India

Authors: S. Prasanna Kumar, S. Dhaya Vishnu, M.R. Jeffrey Jose

Abstract: The metro rail systems are nothing but a high-capacity public transportation network that is used by the urban population for rapid and robust transportation throughout the city. They usually run on separate dedicated tracks which go on both underground and elevated based on the requirement. They help lot in easing congestion and pollution caused by private vehicles. Comparative study of the financial efficiency of the major metro rail systems in India i.e. DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail Corporation), BMRCL (Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation Limited), CMRL (Chennai Metro Rail Limited), MMRCL (Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited) by using the secondary data gathered from their respective annual reports for the period of five years from financial year 2019-20 to 2023-24. Financial efficiency is being evaluated by key ratios such as operating ratio, net profit ratio, ROCE, debt equity ratio, cost recovery ratio, farebox recovery ratio, EBIT margin, asset turnover ratio and current ratio. The results shows a sharp deterioration in financial performance during the financial year 2020-21 across all the operating metros, followed by slow recovery in the following subsequent financial years, while BMRCL shows significant improvement in cost recovery and farebox recovery after 2021-22,CMRL shows significant improvement toward break even point and better liquidity by 2023-24, MMRCL shows extreme and non-comparable value due to its early stages and under construction phases. This study highlights the need for stronger non fare revenue generation, cost control and prudent debt management to improve long term financial sustainability of the metro systems in India.

An Analytical Study On The Role Of Social Media Engagement In Shaping Brand Perception Among Young Consumers

Authors: Aditya Singh Rana, Dr. Alka Singh Bhatt

Abstract: The expansion of digital communication platforms has dramatically transformed modern marketing strategies and brand management practices. Organizations across industries increasingly rely on social media platforms to communicate brand values, disseminate information, and build relationships with stakeholders. This study examines how social media engagement influences brand perception among young consumers with reference to EY (Ernst & Young), one of the world’s leading professional services firms. The research adopts a quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire distributed among individuals aged 18–35 who have exposure to EY’s digital presence. A total of 310 valid responses were analyzed to identify patterns of social media usage, engagement behaviors, and perceptions of the EY brand. The findings reveal a statistically significant relationship between social media engagement and brand perception. Platforms such as LinkedIn were found to play a particularly important role in shaping perceptions related to thought leadership, credibility, and employer attractiveness. The research also highlights the importance of authenticity and knowledge-driven content in strengthening brand trust. The study provides valuable insights for professional services organizations seeking to leverage social media to enhance brand equity and attract young professionals.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19045775

Drivers, Barriers, And Continuance Intention Of Digital Payment Platforms In The Misinformation Era: A Study In Odisha.

Authors: Ananta Prasad Nanda, Dr Krishna kumar veluri, Dr Dhananjay Beura

Abstract: Digital payment platforms have transformed financial transactions in India, yet the proliferation of misinformation poses significant challenges to user trust and sustained adoption. This study investigates the drivers, barriers, and continuance intention of digital payment platform users in Odisha. Data were collected from 394 respondents using a structured questionnaire and analysed through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression, and hypothesis testing. Results indicate that perceived ease of use, trust, and social influence significantly enhance continuance intention, while misinformation-related barriers negatively affect user behaviour. The findings provide actionable insights for fintech companies and policymakers to improve user confidence and encourage the sustained adoption of digital payment platforms.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19048326

Managerial Dynamics Shaping The Adoption Of Technology-Driven Banking And Deposit Services In India

Authors: Ramya R

Abstract: The current paper intends to provide a comprehensive analysis of managerial dynamics in the adoption of technology-driven banking and deposit services in India. It includes an examination of the interplay of leadership capabilities, organizational readiness, and strategic decision-making. Through the meticulous examination of recent empirical research from 2021 to 2026, the current study aims to investigate the managerial dynamics in the adoption of technology-driven banking and deposit services in India. A Managerial-Technological Adoption Framework (MTAF) is suggested, in which strategic vision, operational execution, workforce readiness, and risk governance are distinguished. A significant capability gap in terms of leadership capability is revealed, where 27% of BFSI organizations feel prepared for AI-driven transformation, though 83% prioritize digital transformation. There has been a tremendous growth in the digital payments ecosystem, where transactions have grown nearly eleven-fold, and 57% prefer using UPI over cash. Banks are facing challenges in terms of legacy core banking technology, where they are suffering from technological debt. There is limited adoption of Account Aggregator due to fragmented implementation and user consent. The comparative evaluation of the four analytical dimensions of strategic leadership, workforce capability, technology infrastructure, and customer adoption indicates that for successful digital transformation, there needs to be a concomitant managerial focus on people, platforms, and processes. This, the findings indicate, for bridging India’s ‘Digital Divide’ requires a managerial reorientation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19108292

Employment Generation Through Tourism :A Comparative Study Of Mamallapuram And Vedanthangal

Authors: J.Gajalakshmi, Prof K. Sivasubramaniyan

Abstract: This paper intends to carry out a comparative analysis of employment generation in tourism in two unique destinations in Tamil Nadu: Mamallapuram, a UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for its cultural and heritage tourism, and Vedanthangal, a famous bird sanctuary specializing in ecotourism. Through a scientific analysis of tourism infrastructure investments in terms of employment generation, this research intends to examine how these unique tourism models are contributing to economic development in Tamil Nadu. This paper also intends to develop a Tourism Employment Impact Framework (TEIF), in which employment generation in tourism will be categorized as direct employment, indirect employment, and induced employment. From this research analysis, it is evident that Mamallapuram has received a huge investment of ₹100 crore in terms of infrastructure development in tourism, with a total state tourism summit generating 127 MoUs worth ₹22,794 crore expected to generate around 66,000 jobs in Tamil Nadu. On the other hand, Vedanthangal, although on a smaller scale, plays an important role in providing livelihood support to local communities during the season through guiding, bird protection, and ecotourism-related ventures. The evaluation of the two destinations on five different parameters, namely scale of investment, employment, seasonality, community participation, and sustainability, reveals that heritage tourism destinations offer higher absolute employment opportunities, and ecotourism destinations offer localized benefits with lower infrastructure requirements. The study concludes that regional tourism development strategies should include both models in the state tourism policy, as in the case of Tamil Nadu, where 31 destinations have been identified in phases, covering categories like urban tourism, special experience tourism, and nature-based tourism.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19108478

Financial Inclusion Among Rural Women: Barriers, Opportunities, And Policy Interventions

Authors: Dr. Sultana I

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of financial inclusion among rural women, considering the complex barriers that perpetuate financial exclusion and the opportunities that exist for catalytic interventions. Through the systematic examination of the empirical evidence from low- and middle-income countries, with special reference to the experiences of India, the research aims to understand the complex interplay of institutional, socio-cultural, technological, and information barriers that limit rural women’s access to and use of formal financial services. A conceptual framework of financial inclusion is developed as a multi-dimensional financial inclusion framework (MDFIF), which considers the difference between access barriers, use barriers, and quality. The analysis reveals that the self-help group (SHG) model has shown remarkable success, where the non-performing asset rates of women borrowers remain at lower levels of below 1.5 percent compared to other types of borrowers. Further, the meta-analytical evidence reveals that social safety nets have shown significant positive effects on women’s economic achievements (Hedges’ g = 0.113) and agency (Hedges’ g = 0.101), with unconditional cash transfers and asset transfers showing the strongest effects. Evidence of the viability of graduation from group loans to women entrepreneurship financing is also emerging, as seen in the graduation model studies undertaken by SIDBI in their PRAYAS programme, where close to 2,500 women entrepreneurs have been assisted with minimal NPAs. The comparison of the five dimensions of evaluation—institutional mechanisms, technology solutions, capacity building, policy frameworks, and graduation—points to the need to look beyond access and build engagement, trust, and economic citizenship.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19108688

Evaluating The Awareness And Understanding Levels Of ESG Investment By Generation Z Investors

Authors: Swati, Jeevan R, Ashna James, Swastika Maiti, Prarthana J Manoj

Abstract: Members of the target population were chosen at random and given an online questionnaire as part of the study. People from Generation Z who were between the ages of 18 and 27 made up the respondents who took part in the study using Google Forms. To find study participants, the researchers turned to academic networks and social media sites. To judge the ESG awareness, financial literacy, ESG investment attitudes, social media, financial influence, financial behavior, and ESG company investment intentions, the questionnaire which the researchers used had a five-point Likert scale with multiple item scales that they developed. The results of the pilot test showed that the scale which we used is reliable enough, with Cronbach’s alpha measuring 0.550 for three ESG Awareness items and 0.820 for three Financial Literacy items. The researchers got 578 original data points responses for their research. The researchers used descriptive statistics to analyze participant data and correlation and multiple regression analysis to test research hypotheses aligned with the study’s theoretical framework.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19124342

Economic Self-Reliance And Cooperative Federalism Revisiting Sardar Patel’s Pragmatic Economic Vision In The Era Of Atmanirbhar Bharat

Authors: Dr. Yashodhara A Bhatt

Abstract: This study explores the connection between economic self-reliance and cooperative federalism in India by revisiting the economic and governance ideas linked to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and assessing their relevance within the current policy framework of Atmanirbhar Bharat. Using a qualitative and analytical approach based on secondary sources such as academic literature, policy documents, and economic reports, the research shows that administrative integration and cooperative governance laid the groundwork for coordinated economic planning across regions. It finds that domestic production capacity, infrastructure development, and state-level economic involvement are vital for enhancing national economic resilience. Nevertheless, regional disparities, productivity issues, and sectoral import dependence suggest that achieving economic self-reliance is still an ongoing process. The findings emphasise that cooperative federalism is a key mechanism for effective policy implementation and regional growth. The study concludes that improving coordination between central and state governments, along with boosting domestic production and regional economic engagement, is essential for sustainable and inclusive economic development in India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19125741

SkillBridge-AI Enabled Skill Exchange Platform.

Authors: S. Revathi, S S Natchatraa, S.Sarojini, VA Sharni

Abstract: SkillBridge is an AI-enabled skill exchange platform designed to connect individuals who want to learn new skills with those willing to teach them, creating a collaborative peer-to-peer learning ecosystem. The platform leverages artificial intelligence to analyze users’ skill profiles, interests, and learning goals, and then intelligently matches learners with suitable mentors or peers. Instead of relying solely on monetary transactions, SkillBridge encourages a skill-bartering model where users can exchange knowledge—for example, a user proficient in graphic design can teach design in exchange for learning coding or language skills. The AI system continuously improves recommendations by analyzing user interactions, feedback, and learning progress, ensuring more accurate and meaningful matches over time. The platform also includes features such as skill verification, reputation scores, scheduling tools, and progress tracking to enhance trust and efficiency. By democratizing access to knowledge and promoting collaborative learning, SkillBridge aims to bridge the gap between people with skills and those seeking them. This model supports lifelong learning, community engagement, and cost-effective education while empowering individuals to grow personally and professionally through mutual knowledge sharing.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19184934

The Fast Lane of Shopping: Quick Commerce’s Grip on Modern Consumers

Authors: Dr. D. V. Padmaja, Thilak KA, Vishvakumar A

Abstract: Digital technology has radically changed the retail business and given rise to quick commerce. Quick commerce offers products that are delivered within minutes and has greatly changed consumer shopping habits and expectations. The current study, “The Fast Lane of Shopping: Quick Commerce’s Grip on Modern Consumers,” focuses on how quick commerce platforms influence purchase habits, spending, and decision-making. Data for the study were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to the respondents using simple random sampling. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive and Chi-Square tests. Results from this study indicate that convenience, urgency, and fast delivery are the leading factors behind the adoption of quick commerce. Although quick commerce is rapidly gaining popularity among modern consumers, traditional stores remain important in planning and bulk purchases.

Impact Of Hybrid Model On Employees Job Satisfaction Towards IT Industry – A Special Reference To Hyderabad City

Authors: Mrs. A. Santhoshi

Abstract: The Hybrid Work Model, which combines working from home and working in the office has changed the way people work in a way. It has affected how employees feel about their jobs in ways giving them flexibility while still letting them work together as a team. After the pandemic many companies changed the way they work and started using technology which made them start using the Hybrid Work Model really fast especially in the IT industry. Hyderabad, which is one of the IT hubs in India has seen a lot of companies start using hybrid work systems that let employees work from home and the office. The Hybrid Work Model has changed the way companies in the IT industry work in a way. This study looks at how the Hybrid Work Model affects how happy employees are with their jobs and how it affects their minds, bodies and feelings. It also looks at how the Hybrid Work Model affects the balance between work and life how happy people are with their jobs how connected they feel to others how flexible their work is and how support they get from their companies. The study focused on five IT companies in Hyderabad. Looked at how the Hybrid Work Model affects employee well-being. The people doing the study collected information from 170 IT employees by asking them questions. They used tools like percentage analysis mean score analysis and Chi-square tests to look at the information they collected. What they found out is that the Hybrid Work Model is good for employees because it helps them balance their work and life makes them more productive and makes them happier, with their jobs. The study says that if companies use the Hybrid Work Model in a way it can make employees more engaged and make the company work better.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19229984

Analyzing The Factors That Influencing Digital Payments Usage Among Street Vendors

Authors: Dr.S.M. Yamuna, AlagarAbhishek.P. K, Annis Sara. A, Harshavarshini. S

Abstract: In recent years, digital payment systems have significantly transformed financial transactions, particularly in developing countries like India. Street vendors, who form a vital part of the informal economy, are increasingly adopting digital payment methods due to the widespread use of smartphones, improved internet connectivity, and supportive government initiatives such as Digital India and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI). The shift towards digital payments was further accelerated by major events such as the 2016 demonetization and the COVID-19 pandemic. Demonetization pushed both consumers and vendors to explore cashless alternatives, while the pandemic emphasized the importance of contactless transactions for safety and hygiene. As a result, many street vendors started accepting payments through QR codes, mobile wallets, and UPI applications, making digital transactions a part of their daily business operations. However, the adoption of digital payment systems among street vendors is influenced by several factors. Key drivers include customer preference, ease of use, and convenience. At the same time, barriers such as lack of awareness, low digital literacy, fear of fraud, and poor network connectivity continue to restrict wider adoption. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing digital payment usage among street vendors using a descriptive research design. It is based on both primary and secondary data, with primary data collected through structured questionnaires and interviews. The study highlights that improving digital literacy, enhancing infrastructure, and building trust in digital systems can significantly increase the adoption of digital payments among street vendors, thereby promoting financial inclusion and economic growth.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234350

A Study On The Influence Of Green Labelling On Sustainable Consumer Purchase Behaviour

Authors: Dr.S.M. Yamuna, Anuprathiksha R, Dharshan D, Divya Sri D

Abstract: The increasing concern for environmental sustainability has significantly influenced consumer purchasing behaviour in recent years. Green labelling has emerged as an effective tool that provides information about the environmental attributes of products and helps consumers make responsible purchasing decisions. This study aims to assess the impact of green labelling on consumer purchase behaviour towards sustainable products. Primary data were collected from 150 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The study applies statistical tools such as percentage analysis, chi-square test, ANOVA, and ranking methods to interpret the data. The findings reveal that consumers show a moderate to high level of awareness regarding green-labelled products. Factors such as label credibility, environmental concern, and product availability positively influence purchase decisions, while price perception acts as a limiting factor.The study concludes that green labelling plays a significant role in promoting sustainable consumption and influencing consumer behaviour

The Effect Of Corporate Governance Practices On Organizational Financial Performance

Authors: M.Jyothi Prasad , S.Elizabeth Pravena, S.Elizabeth Pravena

Abstract: The paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the interrelation between corporate governance practices and organizational financial performance, based on the integration of recent empirical findings from various geographical settings. By examining the various corporate governance practices, such as board structures, ownership patterns, audit committee effectiveness, and new ESG practices, the research aims to understand the impact of these factors on organizational value, profitability, and market efficiency. The research proposes an Integrated Corporate Governance-Performance Framework (ICGPF) that identifies the various effects of corporate governance practices on organizational performance as direct effects (mechanisms on financial performance), indirect effects (financial distress or information asymmetry), and contextual effects (institutional settings and organizational characteristics). The research findings indicate that managerial ownership and audit committee effectiveness have positive effects on organizational value, while board gender diversity and board size show positive associations with organizational financial performance in emerging economies. However, the findings indicate that independent commissioners may have negative effects in certain settings, while CEO tenure shows negative associations with ROA, indicating the possibility of managerial entrenchment. Furthermore, the results obtained by the meta-analytical method based on the analysis of global research suggest that with a high level of ESG disclosure and performance, the intrinsic firm value increases. However, this effect is more prominent for advanced countries. The comparative evaluation based on six analytical dimensions, such as ownership structure, board composition, audit mechanisms, ESG integration, contextual factors, and financial distress mediation, indicates that the effectiveness of the firm’s governance depends on the quality of the institutions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19253019

The Role Of Content Marketing In Building Brand Trust And Customer Retention

Authors: Dr.B.Deepapriya

Abstract: This paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the role and importance of content marketing in developing brand trust and customer retention in the current digital age. Through a systematic analysis of recent industry research and evidence from 2021 to 2026, this study explores how content marketing strategies shape consumer perceptions and create trust and retention between consumers and brands. The study suggests a Trust-Driven Content Retention Framework (TDCRF), which differentiates between trust mechanisms, engagement routes, and retention outcomes. The analysis suggests that trust and credibility have become more important outcomes than engagement and lead generation from content marketing strategies, with 61% of marketers citing trust as the most important outcome from content marketing strategies. Consumer behaviors have become more demanding, with 75% of consumers reporting a negative perception about a brand after finding that product information is incomplete, and 44% deciding not to proceed with a purchase due to insufficient information. Furthermore, the trend towards micro-influencers and authentic partnerships with creators is gaining momentum, with 47% of marketers achieving the best results with micro-influencers, while 61% of consumers trust the recommendations of creators compared to traditional advertising campaigns. The comparative evaluation of the four analytical dimensions of content quality, partnerships with creators, transparency practices, and measurement systems shows that effective customer retention strategies involve the use of integrated approaches in which trust acts as the means and the end of content marketing strategies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19252626

Sustainability green environment towards urban areas : A critical study of e-vehicles in India

Authors: Prof. (Dr.) Mohit Sharma, Dr. Anand Sengupta

Abstract: – Over the last decade technological advancements of the car have gone rapidly. Emissions and environmental impacts have been significantly reduced. Even so that the Government of India Ministry of Transport wanted to check if it is still valid to prioritize investments in the transport over the car system motivated by environmental arguments. A study has been performed comparing the environmental impacts of car use and transport in urban areas. Next to the current situation technological and policy advancements have been considered in considering future scenarios for 2047. As part of the urban transport the environmental impacts of buses, trains and trams/metro have been considered. Next to emissions, energy use, noise nuisance, waste materials and use of scare space have been considered (MILOV model). The study shows that notwithstanding the technological improvements by the automobile industries the urban environmental impact of the transport modes is still less than that of cars. Especially rail systems seem very environmentally efficient. Nevertheless, serious attention needs to be paid on the emissions of SO2 and Nox by the public transport. Policies like privatizing transport and reductions of subsidies are estimated to work in favor of the environmental impact of transport although there might be a slower penetration of the market of cleaner but more expensive technologies. This only stresses the need of further internalize external costs for all modes.

Green Innovation And Sustainable Development: An Analysis Of Eco-Friendly Products In Emerging Markets

Authors: Dr Anuranjita Dixit, Dr Saman Khan

Abstract: The global shift toward sustainable development has elevated green innovation from a niche corporate social responsibility initiative to a core strategic imperative for nations and enterprises, particularly within emerging markets. As these economies are projected to contribute approximately 65% of global economic growth by 2035, their transition toward eco-friendly products and circular manufacturing models is critical for planetary stability.1 This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms driving green innovation in emerging economies across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. By evaluating the adoption of sustainable materials, renewable energy technologies, and disruptive business models, the study highlights how these regions are uniquely positioned for technological leapfrogging. Utilizing the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and Circular Economy (CE) frameworks, the analysis examines the role of government policies, such as China’s Environmental Protection Law and India’s Extended Producer Responsibility, in fostering a competitive environment for green technologies.2 Detailed case studies of industry leaders like Natura &Co and M-KOPA demonstrate the feasibility of balancing high-growth objectives with environmental integrity.4 The findings suggest that while high implementation costs and institutional voids persist as significant barriers, the convergence of digital transformation and rising consumer environmental consciousness is creating a robust market for sustainable goods. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers to harmonize regulatory frameworks and for researchers to focus on the technical optimization of bio-based materials and decentralized energy systems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19275941

Customers Attitude Towards Paperless And Eco-Friendly Banking Transactions

Authors: Dr.R.Vishnupriya, Sachin M, Sasiprakash R, Shanjai K

Abstract: Paperless and eco-friendly banking transactions have emerged as essential components of modern sustainable banking practices. With the rapid advancement of digital technology and increasing environmental concerns, banks are shifting towards paperless operations to reduce ecological impact and enhance operational efficiency. This study analyses customers’ attitudes towards such services, focusing on their willingness to adopt, perceived convenience, and behavioural responses. The research is based on primary data collected from 150 respondents through a structured questionnaire using the snowball sampling technique. Percentage analysis has been employed to interpret the data. The findings reveal that customers exhibit a highly positive attitude towards paperless banking, with a majority expressing enthusiasm and willingness to adopt eco-friendly services due to their convenience, time-saving nature, and environmental benefits. However, a small proportion of customers remain cautious due to security concerns, lack of digital literacy, and habitual dependence on traditional banking methods. The study concludes that strengthening awareness, trust, and technological accessibility can significantly enhance the adoption of paperless banking.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19276000

Cybersecurity Risks And Data Privacy Challenges In Cryptocurrency Ecosystems: A Systematic Review With Evidence From Himachal Pradesh, India

Authors: Ms.Anita Verma, Dr. Ashok Kumar Bansal

Abstract: The rapid evolution of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology has significantly transformed the global financial ecosystem by enabling decentralized, transparent, and efficient digital transactions. However, this transformation has also introduced substantial cybersecurity threats and data privacy concerns. In India, particularly in emerging regions such as Himachal Pradesh, the growing adoption of cryptocurrency and digital financial platforms has increased exposure to cyber risks includes fraud, hacking, and identity theft. This study presents a systematic review of cybersecurity threats and data privacy issues associated with cryptocurrency transactions, supported by real-world case studies from India and global contexts. Secondary data were collected from academic journals, government publications, cybersecurity reports, and news sources published between 2015 and 2025. The findings reveal that phishing attacks, Ponzi schemes, exchange hacking, malware infections, and privacy breaches are among the most critical risks. Evidence indicates that cryptocurrency scams in Himachal Pradesh alone have resulted in losses exceeding ₹2,000 crore. The study concludes that while blockchain technology offers strong cryptographic security, vulnerabilities persist due to user behavior, technological limitations, and regulatory gaps. It recommends strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing digital literacy, and integrating advanced cybersecurity mechanisms. The study contributes to understanding cybersecurity challenges in emerging digital economies and provides actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19277722

Financial Inclusion, Rural Lending And Its Impact On Profitability In Indian Small Finance Banks

Authors: Roshan Daniel Rosario, Dr. Mohit Boralkar

Abstract: Purpose – The research designates whether financial inclusion requirements, including Priority Sector Lending (PSL) compliance, microfinance lending intensity, and the rural branch density, have systematic effects on profitability of Indian Small Finance Banks (SFB) and to what conditions this relation is valid. Design/Methodology/Approach – A longitudinal panel dataset consisting of 6 large SFBs (AU, Equitas, Ujjivan, Utkarsh, Jana, and Suryoday), on FY2018-FY2025 generated 48 bank-year observations used to analyze with Fixed and Random Effects panel regression. Hausman test helps to select the estimators. Mediation is hypothesized using the Baron and Kenny (1986) model using Sobel testing and multicollinearity using Variance Inflation Factors. Findings – ROA belonging to moderate levels of PSL compliance (60-75% of ANBC) displays a non-linear optimum, which is optimally linear with these extremes. Microfinance concentration higher than 70% greatly reduces ROA and ROE with a complete mediation of the Gross NPA ratio (Sobel z = -4.21, p = -0.001). Branch density in rural branches lowers short term ROA but has positive impact on Net Interest Margin, in terms of increasing yields on portfolios. The inclusion-profitability relationship is also largely moderated by the size of the bank with a larger SFB being able to absorb the cost of high inclusion intensity. Fixed Effects model accounts of 68.4 percent of the variation in ROA between the panel. Limitations/Implication of the Research – The sample of six prevalent SFBs is restricted, and it can bring about survivorship bias. Disaggregation and disgustre of PS language and inclusion results that started at the ground level are beyond the scope of this study. The COVID-19 shock (FY2021-22) might have intensified the microfinance-NPA-profitability channel by magnifying it by even more than the non-crisis magnitudes. Respondent findings suggest tiered PSL compliance architecture, explicit microfinance concentration cap and differentiated supervisory norms that are adjusted to the institutional maturity. Originality /Value – The study is one of the first to model three financial inclusion variables concurrently with various dimension of profitability on eight-year panel data between pre-, during-, and post-COVID periods on a similar SFB sample. The find of nonlinear PSL optimality level and full GNPA-mediated transmission presents new empirical data contribution to the literature of mission-driven banking and suggests empirical evidence-based regulatory measures and SFB practitioners.

DOI:

Impact Of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) On Banking Variables: Evidence From Indian Commercial Banks

Authors: Nilanka Paul, Dr. Mohit Boralkar

Abstract: Purpose — The following research will look into the empirical relationship of introduction of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) to two important banking variables, deposit growth and credit growth in the Indian commercial banking system. The rationale behind the study is the rising policy concern over the world about CBDC and the critical poverty of bank level empirical data on its impacts especially in the case of large emerging economies where the financial structure, regulatory framework, and digital infrastructure system vary significantly with the advanced economies where prevailing theoretical frameworks are optimized Design/Methodology/Approach — A quantitative, non-experimental research design is implemented. The results of the analysis of panel data on 19 Indian commercial banks in the period between the fiscal years 2018 and 2025 provide 151 bank-year observations. Two Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression equations are estimated in which the deposit growth is the dependent variable and the credit growth is the dependent variable. The CBDC variable is operationalised as a binary dummy variable, which will be set to 1 between 2022 to 2025 Indias Digital Rupee ( e- INR) pilot programme and to 0 between 20182021 which is the pre-pilot period. This includes GDP growth rate and RBI repo rate that are the control variables in the macroeconomy and the current monetary policy condition and environment respectively. Findings — The results indicate that there is an asymmetric pattern of association. There is no statistically significant difference in the growth of deposits between the two periods of CBDC introduction (b3 = [?]0.0148, p = 0.605), which means that there is no statistically significant deposit displacement throughout the pilot period. GDP growth alone (b1 = 0.0301, p < 0.001) and the repo rate (b2 = [?]0.0338, p = 0.025) have the largest negative effect on deposit behaviour, which is secondary. The deposit growth model has a good level of explanatory power (R2 = 0.453). Conversely, the CBDC dummy variable relates positively and significantly to credit growth (b3 = 0.0698, p = 0.008), which is an unexpected result that contradicts the theoretical account of disintermediation of the bank, but is in line with complementarity arguments and the institutional aspects of the pilot phase. There is less explanatory power of the credit growth model (R2 = 0.099). Research Limitations and Implications — The CBDC dummy records the time of introduction and not the actual intensity of adoption, allowing the CBDC coefficient susceptible to omitted variable bias in simultaneous structural changes like the post-COVID credit recovery of India. The lack of bank-level control variables and fixed effects is a known weakness. Despite this, the research offers empirical data that the conservatively designed e-INR pilot in India has not upset deposit mobilisation, and the positive credit association can be credited to the digital infrastructure complementarities, and not direct CBDC impacts. The results have a direct implication on the design calibration of the CBDC and a gradual scaling of the e-INR programme. Originality/Value — The research may be described as one of the first attempts to make use of bank-level OLS panel regression to empirically measure the relationship between the introduction of CBDC and the banking performance in the Indian environment. Available literature in this field has been largely theoretical, simulation oriented or biased on developed economies. The study adds a new empirical layer, previously lacking the country-specific, institution-level, quantitative evidence of the current policies, to a literature that has so far remained devoid of CBDC policy dummy and macroeconomic control.

A Study On Price Discrimination Strategies On Airline Industries

Authors: Chinnathambi A, Dr.M.D. Chinnu

Abstract: Price discrimination in the airline industry is a strategic practice where airlines charge different fares for the same service based on factors such as booking time, passenger type, demand, and service class. This approach allows airlines to maximize revenue by capturing consumer surplus from business and leisure travelers with varying willingness to pay. Strategies include advance-purchase discounts, last-minute pricing, differentiated cabin classes, loyalty programs, and route-specific pricing. Dynamic pricing systems enable airlines to adjust fares in real-time according to demand fluctuations. By segmenting customers and offering personalized pricing, airlines optimize seat occupancy while enhancing profitability.

The Evaluation Of The High Banking Sector Profits And Weak Manufacturing Start-up Entrepreneurs In Zimbabwe

Authors: Martha Chikata, Dr Dularii Ajitsingh Rajpoot

Abstract: This study investigates the paradoxical relationship between high profitability in the banking sector and the persistent financial vulnerability of manufacturing start-up entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe. While the financial sector has remained profitable in the post-hyperinflation period, manufacturing start-ups continue to face structural barriers to accessing affordable and timely finance. This imbalance has constrained industrial growth, innovation, and employment creation, undermining broader economic recovery efforts. Grounded in financial intermediation and institutional theory, the study examines how banking practices, risk perceptions, and credit allocation mechanisms shape entrepreneurial outcomes in the manufacturing sector. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating quantitative surveys administered to banking professionals and manufacturing entrepreneurs with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, while qualitative data were thematically analysed to triangulate and contextualise findings. Reliability and validity were strengthened through methodological triangulation and instrument testing. Findings reveal that banks prioritise low-risk, high-return financial activities, including treasury instruments and foreign exchange trading, while imposing stringent collateral requirements and high interest rates on start-up entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs reported limited access to tailored financial products, lengthy loan processing times, and weak advisory support. These practices reflect a risk-averse banking culture that constrains innovation and weakens the manufacturing start-up ecosystem. The study further identifies policy and institutional gaps, including fragmented support mechanisms and limited coordination between banks and development finance institutions. The study concludes that Zimbabwe’s profitable banking sector has not effectively fulfilled its developmental intermediation role in supporting manufacturing entrepreneurship. Policy reforms, targeted credit guarantee schemes, and customised start-up financing instruments are recommended to better align banking incentives with industrial development objectives. Strengthening access to finance for manufacturing start-ups is critical for revitalising Zimbabwe’s productive sector and fostering sustainable economic growth.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19334155

Adoption Factors Of Health-tech In India.

Authors: Debanik Chakraborty, Prof. Tanya Sharma

Abstract: Health-Tech is now a prominent e-health solution, and it is now possible to conduct consultation remotely, improving the accessibility of medical services. Health-Tech is increasingly becoming available in India but is not evenly used by users. The present study is a review of existing problems that influence the adoption of Health-Tech services in India, based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The paper focuses on the relationship between ease of use, usefulness, and the intention of users to adopt Health-Tech platforms. Quantitative research methodology was employed, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 118 respondents. Data were examined using Jamovi statistical software, including descriptive and path analysis to support the hypotheses. The results indicate that perceived ease of use has a positive effect on perceived usefulness, implying that user-friendly Health-Tech tools enhance perceived usefulness. However, perceived usefulness was not found to have a significant positive effect on behavioral intention to utilise Health-Tech services. These findings imply that users may be conscious of the potential benefits of Health-Tech, yet other aspects such as trust, digital literacy, and privacy concerns may affect their consumption of such services. The study contributes to the current body of knowledge regarding Health-Tech adoption behaviour in India and guides healthcare providers and policy- makers interested in increasing access to and utilization of digital healthcare services.

The Impact of Climate Finance on Economic Performance in Nigeria: The Role of Institutional Quality and Policy Effectiveness

Authors: Bello H.T, Fakorede S.G, Adekusibe E.A, Olumo A.O, Balogun F.O, Omotoyo I.A, Akande I.A.

Abstract: This study examines the impact of climate finance on Nigeria’s economic performance from 2010 to 2025, with particular attention to institutional quality and policy effectiveness as moderating factors. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression modeling, the study analyzes both domestic and international climate finance inflows and their effects on GDP growth. The findings indicate that climate finance significantly contributes to economic growth, and its effectiveness is amplified by strong institutions and well-implemented policies. Sectoral analysis reveals that energy, agriculture, and infrastructure derive the greatest benefit from targeted climate finance. The study provides policy-relevant insights for optimizing climate finance deployment and enhancing sustainable economic development in Nigeria.

A Study on the Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal in Managerial Employees of a Bank

Authors: Dr. R. Indra, Ms. N.Aarthikani

Abstract: Performance appraisal is a critical human resource function that evaluates employee performance and aligns individual goals with organizational objectives. This study examines the effectiveness of performance appraisal systems for managerial employees in a banking institution. It explores appraisal methods, employee perceptions, and the impact on motivation, productivity, and career development. The findings suggest that transparent, fair, and goal-oriented appraisal systems significantly enhance managerial performance and organizational growth.

Trademark Disputes Over Property Names

Authors: S. Shreya, Dr. Saajisivan S

Abstract: Trademark disputes involving property names are growing rapidly in recent years. Builders, developers, and real estate companies give unique attractive names to housing projects, apartments, malls, and commercial complexes to add brand value. Such names at times have been registered as trademarks. In case of identical or similar property names being used by different parties, such circumstances may cause confusion among consumers. This paper provides an overview of the concept of trademarks over property names, the legal mechanism regarding disputes arising, important judicial precedents that have been decided, and enunciate certain problems in enforcement. This paper highlights trademark law’s protection for property names and balancing of commercial interests with public rights.

Assessment of Occupational Health Hazards & Preventive Practices Among Health Care Workers at Chennai Port Trust Authority Hospital

Authors: Lavanya A, Dr.Aysha Fathima Y

Abstract: Occupational health hazards remain a significant concern among healthcare workers due to their continuous exposure to biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic, and psychosocial risks. This study assesses the level of occupational hazards and the preventive practices adopted by healthcare workers in a Port Trust Authority Hospital using a descriptive research design with a sample of 120 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tools such as percentage analysis, ANOVA, chi-square, and correlation tests. The findings reveal that healthcare workers are highly exposed to biological hazards, ergonomic issues, and workrelated stress; however, most respondents demonstrate good awareness and adherence to preventive practices, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), proper waste management, and participation in safety training programs. Furthermore, statistical analysis indicates significant associations between demographic factors and exposure to certain hazards. The study concludes that although preventive measures are widely practiced, continuous training, effective policy implementation, and regular monitoring are essential to further reduce occupational risks and enhance workplace safety.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19368154

Gender Inequality In Higher Education And Employment Opportunities In India

Authors: Rohith Kumar, Akanksha Mohanka, Snehitha Chowdary, Arshia Baranwal, Sagarika Girish

Abstract: Gender inequality in India remains a major challenge despite progress in education and economic development. Under United Nations SDG 5 (Gender Equality), the goal is to eliminate discrimination and ensure equal opportunities for women. However, inequalities persist, especially in higher education and employment, due to social norms, financial barriers, and workplace discrimination. This study examines how these challenges affect women’s access to education and job opportunities.

DOI:

“Exploring The Impact Of Employee Training Programmes: A Pilot Study In Logistics Firms, Pune”

Authors: Ms. Priya Kailas Borse, Dr. (Prof.) Rakesh Sonaji Patil

Abstract: The logistics industry has emerged as a vital component of India’s rapidly expanding economy, serving as a critical enabler of manufacturing, retail, and service sectors. In cities like Pune an industrial hub known for its automotive, warehousing, and supply chain operations the performance of logistics firms depends largely on the competency and adaptability of their workforce. While technical proficiency is essential for operational efficiency, the increasing complexity of customer demands, digital transformation, and competitive pressures have emphasized the growing need for soft skills such as communication, teamwork, leadership, time management, and problem-solving. Hence, this study focuses on understanding the design, delivery, and impact of various training programmes, particularly soft skills training, on employee development in logistics firms in Pune. The research adopts a mixed-method approach combining both qualitative and quantitative analyses. A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to employees and HR professionals from selected logistics firms across Pune. To ensure the reliability and validity of the data collection instrument, a pilot study was conducted with 45 logistics firms, resulting in 75 responses. The pilot phase represented 20% of the total proposed sample size, adhering to methodological standards in social science research. Reliability testing was conducted using Cronbach’s Alpha, and the obtained value exceeded the threshold of 0.70, confirming strong internal consistency and validity of the instrument. An extensive literature review was carried out, covering more than 38 national and international research articles, along with three Ph.D. theses related to training program evaluation and human resource development. The review highlighted that soft skills training is not only a developmental necessity but also a strategic tool for organizational sustainability. It plays a crucial role in improving communication flow, enhancing teamwork, reducing conflicts, and fostering leadership potential among employees. Moreover, studies in human resource management emphasize that continuous learning interventions significantly impact employee engagement, productivity, and retention in service-driven sectors like logistics. Preliminary findings from the pilot study indicate that soft skills training directly influences employee performance, job satisfaction, and organizational efficiency. Respondents reported noticeable improvements in interpersonal relationships, customer handling, and team collaboration following exposure to structured soft skills development programs. The study also revealed gaps in training delivery specifically, the lack of customized modules addressing industry-specific behavioral competencies which will be addressed through a proposed sample soft skills training framework designed by the researcher. This framework emphasizes need assessment, blended learning methods (including workshops, simulations, and e-learning), and post-training evaluation through the Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Model. The research contributes to both theoretical and practical dimensions of human resource development. Theoretically, it integrates concepts of training effectiveness, employee competency development, and organizational learning within the logistics context. Practically, it offers insights for HR professionals and management practitioners in logistics firms to design evidence-based training interventions that align with business objectives and operational challenges. In conclusion, this study underscores that soft skills training is an indispensable component of employee development in the logistics industry. By strengthening communication, adaptability, and leadership abilities, such training not only enhances individual performance but also drives organizational competitiveness in a rapidly evolving marketplace. The proposed training model and empirical findings from this study will provide a roadmap for logistics firms in Pune to develop a more skilled, efficient, and future-ready workforce.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19368405

Case Study: Competing In The AI Market – Google Gemini

Authors: Dr Rafana Kazi

Abstract: The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has intensified competition among major technology companies. This case study examines the strategic positioning of Google in the AI market through the development of Gemini. Introduced as a next-generation multimodal AI model, Gemini is designed to compete with leading systems such as GPT-4 and other large language models. The study explores Google’s approach to integrating Gemini across its ecosystem, including search, cloud services, and productivity tools. It highlights key factors such as innovation in multimodal capabilities, scalability, ethical AI deployment, and market competition. Furthermore, the analysis evaluates the challenges Google faces, including regulatory scrutiny, data privacy concerns, and intense rivalry from companies like OpenAI and Microsoft. The case study concludes that while Gemini strengthens Google’s competitive edge, sustained success depends on continuous innovation, responsible AI practices, and effective market adaptation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19385791

Impact of Festival Offers On Consumers Buying Behavior Towards Online Grocery Shopping

Authors: Mr.S.Linkesh Kumar, Mr. J.Kalai chezhiyan, Mr.M.Sibi Eshwar, Mr.M.Thiruvarasan, Mr.R Karan, Mrs.N.Manju

Abstract: Online grocery shopping has become an integral part of consumers’ daily lives due to increasing internet penetration, smartphone usage, and convenience. Festival seasons play a vital role in boosting online grocery sales, as retailers provide attractive discounts, cashback offers, bundle deals, and free delivery services. These promotional strategies significantly influence consumers’ buying behavior and purchase decisions. This study aims to analyze the impact of festival offers on consumers’ buying behavior towards online grocery shopping. The study adopts descriptive research design and collects data using structured questionnaires from 150 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings reveal that festival offers significantly influence consumers’ purchase decisions, increase spending behavior, and encourage brand switching. The study suggests that online grocery platforms should improve delivery efficiency, personalized offers, and customer service during festival periods.

“Impact Of Personalized Marketing On Customer Loyalty: A Study Of Amazon Prime Users In Chennai”

Authors: Kamaleshwari.T, Siva Kumar.S, Santhosh.S, Akhil.K

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of personalized marketing on customer satisfaction and loyalty among Amazon Prime users in Chennai. With the rapid evolution of e-commerce, personalization has become a critical strategy for enhancing customer engagement. A descriptive and analytical research design was employed using both primary survey data and secondary sources. The findings indicate that personalized recommendations, targeted offers, and customized communication significantly improve customer satisfaction and foster long-term loyalty. A majority of respondents reported high satisfaction levels and strong willingness to recommend the service. However, concerns related to data privacy, over-personalization, and algorithmic limitations were also identified. The study concludes that while personalized marketing is highly effective, its sustainability depends on ethical practices, transparency, and continuous technological improvement.

DOI:

Gender Discrimination In Education In India: Evidence From Census

Authors: Dr. Sunil Kumar Tripathi

Abstract: Gender discrimination in education remains a significant issue in India, with persistent disparities in enrollment, retention, and completion rates between male and female students. This study examines the extent of gender-based disparities in education using data from the Indian Census, providing an empirical analysis of the gender gap in literacy rate across the country. By analyzing trends over several decades, the study highlights the structural and socio-cultural factors that contribute to gender discrimination in education, such as economic constraints, patriarchal norms, and the undervaluation of girls’ education. The research is based on secondary data mainly obtained from different round of Census, Women and Men reports and other relevant websites etc. To reach at the appropriate result, trend analysis has been done. To explore research objective Decadal Growth Rate analysis has been done. The findings reveal that despite progress in reducing the gender gap in education, significant barriers remain, particularly in rural areas and among marginalized populations. The study emphasizes the importance of policy interventions aimed at improving access to education for girls, such as scholarships, community engagement, and targeted programs for gender-sensitive schooling. In conclusion, the paper calls for continued efforts to dismantle gender-based biases in education, ensuring equal opportunities for all genders and contributing to a more inclusive and equitable educational landscape in India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19387320

Research done on the effects of the Entrepreneurial Training for students who intend to become Entrepreneurs

Authors: Harriet Vomu, Dr. Sumathi. K. Sripathi

Abstract: This Study examines the multifaceted effects of entrepreneurship training programs on student entrepreneurs, analyzing how structured learning experiences shape their mindsets, competencies, and readiness for business ownership. The study draws on existing literature and theoretical frameworks to assess both the immediate and long-term impacts of such training on aspiring entrepreneurs at the tertiary and post-secondary levels. The population under study will comprise of 150 learners from Shifwankula secondary school of Lusaka district making the total of 150 participants. Purposive sampling technique was used for 150 Business studies grade 12 learners in order to give every learner an equal chance to be studied , Questionnaires were used to collect data from learners. Findings consistently indicate that entrepreneurship training significantly enhances students’ entrepreneurial intention, self-efficacy, and opportunity recognition skills. Students who undergo formal entrepreneurship education demonstrate higher levels of creativity, critical thinking, and risk tolerance compared to those without such exposure. Furthermore, training programs that incorporate experiential learning, mentorship, and real-world business simulations tend to produce the most pronounced positive outcomes, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. The study also highlights that entrepreneurship training fosters the development of essential soft skills, including leadership, communication, negotiation, and resilience all of which are critical for sustainable business success. Additionally, trained student entrepreneurs are more likely to develop viable business plans, access start up funding, and navigate market challenges effectively. However, the effectiveness of training is found to vary depending on program design, instructor expertise, institutional support, and cultural context.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19387544

The National Social Insurance Fund And Poverty Reduction Amongst Retirees In Cameroon: Challenges And Prospects

Authors: Sokem Assoua Riccardo

Abstract: In Cameroon, retirees suffers severe economic, social and material underdevelopment conditions, incarnated by their standard of living.This is in spite of the creation of the National Social Insurance Fund which is supposed to catalyse for poverty reduction amongst these retirees . In this regard, majority of these retirees are unable to support their basic necessities of feeding, children’s fees, shelter, clothing, health and many others, informed by these paucity of retirees’ material and economic factors.This paper is mounted to determine the role of the National Social Insurance Fund in poverty alleviation amongst the retirees in Cameroon. Using the Process Theory of public policy makers and the structural Functional Theory, this paper argues that the National Social Insurance Fund appear ill- situated to counteract the growth of poverty amongst retirees in Cameroon. The paper recommends that, the National Social Insurance Fund can play a significant role in reducing poverty amongst Cameroon’s retirees by enhancing pension benefit, effective follow up of digital census system, improving governance practices, addressing administrative bottlenecks.

Income And Wealth Inequality

Authors: Thanya Balaji, Srihariharan, Bhavanth Rajaraman, Harshavardhan

Abstract: This study examines income and wealth inequality across Indian states, analyzing its extent, regional patterns, and structural determinants. Using data on the Top 10% income share across 20 states, the research applies statistical tools including percentage analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion, ANOVA, Chi-Square test, Lorenz Curve, and Gini Coefficient. The findings reveal that income inequality is widespread, persistent, and regionally differentiated. The overall average income share of the top 10% stands at approximately 48.15%, with a Gini Coefficient of 0.34, indicating moderate-to-high inequality. Western and Eastern regions display the highest concentration levels, while North-Eastern states show relatively lower inequality. Trend analysis spanning 2020 to 2026 confirms a consistent upward trajectory across all regions. The study concludes that inequality in India is structural and closely linked to patterns of industrial development and regional policy. Policy recommendations include inclusive growth strategies, progressive taxation, regional development programs, and social welfare expansion.

Upskilling And Reskilling: Building A Future-Ready Workforce In The Indian Construction Sector — Evidence From Vagmine Enterprises

Authors: Garvit Jhawar, Dr. Arun Bhadauria

Abstract: The Indian construction industry is undergoing a structural transformation driven by large-scale government infrastructure investment, rapid urbanisation, and the adoption of digital construction technologies including Building Information Modelling (BIM). These forces are rapidly altering skill requirements in ways that traditional, experience-based training models are inadequate to address. This study investigates the upskilling and reskilling landscape within Vagmine Enterprises, a mid-market construction company, through a structured quantitative survey administered to 285 valid respondents comprising site engineers, project managers, quantity surveyors, safety officers, and management trainees aged 18–38 years. The study examines programme awareness and participation rates, learning modality effectiveness, perceived competency gaps, organisational learning culture, and the relationship between structured learning participation and outcomes including career readiness, safety confidence, job satisfaction, and retention intent. Pearson correlation analysis reveals a statistically significant positive relationship between learning participation and career readiness (r = 0.581, p < 0.001). Three of four research hypotheses are supported at p < 0.001. BIM proficiency and digital project management tools emerge as the most critical and insufficiently addressed skills deficits, while site unavailability (64.2%) and content irrelevance (46.7%) are the dominant structural barriers to programme engagement. The study concludes with six evidence-based strategic recommendations focused on embedding learning within project lifecycles, scaling BIM upskilling, formalising site-based mentorship, and developing bilingual training materials.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19415905

Monetary Policy And Economic Growth In Nigeria (1980–2024)

Authors: Bello Hassan T, Michael Mabel A, Sanusi Oluwaseun E, Olabode Samuel, Oguneso Olutomiwa, Okafor Frances, Ezekiel Whesu

Abstract: This study examines the impact of monetary policy on economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1980 to 2024. Despite sustained policy interventions by the Central Bank of Nigeria, economic growth has remained unstable, characterized by periods of expansion and contraction. This study investigates the extent to which key monetary policy instruments—money supply, interest rate, inflation, and exchange rate—affect output growth proxied by GDP. Using annual time-series data sourced from the World Development Indicators and the Central Bank of Nigeria, the study employs econometric techniques to analyze both short-run and long-run relationships. The findings reveal that money supply and exchange rate exert significant influence on economic growth, while interest rate effects are relatively weak. The results further show that Nigeria’s growth trajectory is highly volatile and sensitive to external shocks. The study concludes that while monetary policy plays a critical role in influencing economic performance, its effectiveness is constrained by structural weaknesses such as inflation instability, exchange rate volatility, and overdependence on oil revenue. JEL Classification: E52, E31, O47

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19416691

Influence Of Budgetary Allocation And Capacity Building On Performance Of Irrigation Projects In Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya

Authors: Mbuba Martin Mbae, Joshua Tumuti

Abstract: This study examines the influence of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) practices on irrigation project performance in Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya, focusing on baseline surveys, stakeholder participation, budgetary allocation, and capacity building. Employing a descriptive and explanatory research design, data were collected from 126 respondents across three major irrigation schemes using structured questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis revealed that these M&E practices collectively account for 24.5% of the variance in project performance (R² = 0.245, p < 0.001). Budgetary allocation emerged as the most significant predictor (β = 0.807, p < 0.001), demonstrating a strong positive correlation with project success. Stakeholder participation showed marginal significance (β = 0.135, p = 0.053), while baseline surveys exhibited minimal impact. Capacity building presented a complex relationship requiring further investigation, showing a positive bivariate correlation but a negative regression coefficient. The findings emphasise the critical importance of adequate M&E funding and integrated frameworks for achieving sustainable irrigation outcomes and addressing Kenya’s persistent food security challenges in semi-arid regions.

The Role of Export-Import Business n Global Trade: An Empirical, Industry and Organizational Analysis

Authors: Jaidali Makrani, Dr. Nirban Singh

Abstract: This study investigates the role of export–import business in shaping global trade dynamics, with a dual focus on macro-level industry analysis and micro-level organizational examination. It aims to assess the awareness levels, perceptions, and entrepreneurial intent of individuals with respect to international trade, while situating India’s export–import sector within the broader theoretical and empirical landscape of global commerce.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design, combining primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was gathered through a structured questionnaire administered to 70 respondents using Google Forms and non-probability convenience sampling. Secondary data was drawn from seminal trade theories, institutional reports from the World Trade Organization, World Bank, IMF, UNCTAD, Ministry of Commerce (India), and peer-reviewed academic literature. Data was analyzed using percentage analysis, tabular presentation, and comparative interpretation. Findings: Empirical results indicate high awareness (80%) of export–import business and strong endorsement (84.3%) of its economic importance. Globalization is positively perceived by 71% of respondents as a driver of international trade. Government policy support is acknowledged by 67% of respondents, though a knowledge, action gap persists, with only 52.9% expressing entrepreneurial intent. Agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and textiles are identified as India’s perceived export strengths, and 54.3% believe India has potential to become a global trade leader. Research Limitations/Implications: The study is constrained by a relatively small convenience sample (n=70), which limits generalizability. Additionally, self reported data may introduce response bias. Future research should employ stratified probability sampling across diverse demographic groups and incorporate econometric modeling for causal inference. Practical Implications: Findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced policy literacy programs, digital trade infrastructure investment, and entrepreneurial ecosystem development. Practitioners and policymakers should prioritize simplifying regulatory frameworks, expanding trade facilitation services, and improving awareness of government export incentives to bridge the knowledge, action gap. Originality/Value: This study makes an original contribution by integrating classical and contemporary trade theory with empirical survey data in the Indian context, offering a holistic analysis of both industry dynamics and organizational functioning. The multi-theory lens spanning absolute advantage to the OLI framework provides a comprehensive analytical scaffold rarely employed in similar empirical studies.

The Role Of Export- Import Business In Global Trade: An Empirical, Industry And Organizational Analysis

Authors: Jaidali Makrani, Dr. Nirban Singh

Abstract: This study investigates the role of export–import business in shaping global trade dynamics, with a dual focus on macro-level industry analysis and micro-level organizational examination. It aims to assess the awareness levels, perceptions, and entrepreneurial intent of individuals with respect to international trade, while situating India's export–import sector within the broader theoretical and empirical landscape of global commerce.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design, combining primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was gathered through a structured questionnaire administered to 70 respondents using Google Forms and non-probability convenience sampling. Secondary data was drawn from seminal trade theories, institutional reports from the World Trade Organization, World Bank, IMF, UNCTAD, Ministry of Commerce (India), and peer-reviewed academic literature. Data was analyzed using percentage analysis, tabular presentation, and comparative interpretation. Findings: Empirical results indicate high awareness (80%) of export–import business and strong endorsement (84.3%) of its economic importance. Globalization is positively perceived by 71% of respondents as a driver of international trade. Government policy support is acknowledged by 67% of respondents, though a knowledge, action gap persists, with only 52.9% expressing entrepreneurial intent. Agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and textiles are identified as India's perceived export strengths, and 54.3% believe India has potential to become a global trade leader. Research Limitations/Implications: The study is constrained by a relatively small convenience sample (n=70), which limits generalizability. Additionally, self reported data may introduce response bias. Future research should employ stratified probability sampling across diverse demographic groups and incorporate econometric modeling for causal inference. Practical Implications: Findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced policy literacy programs, digital trade infrastructure investment, and entrepreneurial ecosystem development. Practitioners and policymakers should prioritize simplifying regulatory frameworks, expanding trade facilitation services, and improving awareness of government export incentives to bridge the knowledge, action gap. Originality/Value: This study makes an original contribution by integrating classical and contemporary trade theory with empirical survey data in the Indian context, offering a holistic analysis of both industry dynamics and organizational functioning. The multi-theory lens spanning absolute advantage to the OLI framework provides a comprehensive analytical scaffold rarely employed in similar empirical studies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19444573

Effect Of Product Feedback On Marketing Strategies Of Zudio

Authors: R.Ashwin Raj, M.Kiran, D.Nithiya Sri, B.Charan Varshan, D.Nissi S

Abstract: This study examines the effect of product feedback on marketing strategies, with specific reference to Zudio, a value-fashion retail brand. Product feedback, collected through customer reviews, surveys, and social media interactions, plays a crucial role in shaping brand perception and improving product offerings. The research explores how Zudio utilizes customer insights to refine its pricing, promotion, product design, and in-store experience. By analyzing both qualitative and quantitative feedback, the study highlights the importance of customer-centric decision-making in a competitive retail environment. Findings suggest that timely adaptation to consumer preferences not only enhances customer satisfaction but also strengthens brand loyalty and market positioning. The study concludes that integrating product feedback into marketing strategies is essential for sustainable growth and long-term success in the fast-fashion industry

The Effect of Seasonal Marketing Campaigns on Health Drinks

Authors: Kajasayakan. AIK, Nithish Balaji. A, Rinnah Grace. A, Varshini. G, Juhisvrinda. UN, Dr. K. Anitha

Abstract: Seasonal marketing campaigns play a crucial role in influencing consumer behavior and driving sales. These campaigns leverage the emotional and cultural significance of specific seasons, holidays, and events to create targeted promotions and boost brand visibility. This study explores the impact of seasonal marketing on sales performance, focusing on factors such as timing, consumer engagement, and promotional strategies. By analyzing sales data and marketing initiatives from various industries, the research highlights how businesses capitalize on seasonal trends to maximize revenue and customer retention. Key findings suggest that tailored campaigns during peak seasons, such as holiday sales or back-to- school promotions, significantly enhance consumer spending and brand loyalty. However, ineffective planning or over-saturation of campaigns can diminish returns. This study underscores the importance of strategic planning and market segmentation in optimizing the effectiveness of seasonal marketing campaigns, providing valuable insights for businesses aiming to improve their sales outcomes

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19450769

“Impact Of AI-Based Recruitment Tools On Hiring Efficiency And Quality Of Talent

Authors: Sneha Garg, Dr. Samarth Pande

Abstract: Recruitment practices in a range of industries have changed substantially as a result of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) into human resource management. AI-based recruiting solutions are being used by businesses more and more to boost talent acquisition tactics, improve candidate screening, decrease bias, and increase hiring efficiency. This study looks at how hiring effectiveness and the general caliber of talent acquisition are affected by AI-based recruitment tools. The study uses primary and secondary data sources in a descriptive research design. Structured questionnaires were utilized to collect primary data from HR professionals and job seekers, while credible online sources, HR industry papers, and scholarly publications were used to obtain secondary data. The results show that AI-driven recruiting tools greatly shorten the time to hire, improve candidate-job matching, increase screening accuracy, and help make better hiring decisions. But issues with algorithmic prejudice, data privacy, and the absence of human judgment still exist. The study comes to the conclusion that, when used strategically in conjunction with human oversight, AI-based recruitment technologies have a beneficial impact on hiring efficiency and talent quality. Companies can gain a long-term competitive edge in hiring talent by combining AI with moral leadership and open procedures.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19453858

A Study On Consumer Satisfaction Towards Hypermarkets With Special Refernce To D-Mart, Reliance Smart And Deli Fressh In Tirupur City

Authors: Ms. T. Deepika, Ms. R. Harini

Abstract: The organized retail sector in India has witnessed rapid expansion due to changing consumer lifestyles, urbanization, and increasing income levels. Hypermarkets have become a popular retail format by offering a wide range of products, competitive pricing, and a convenient shopping experience. This study examines customer satisfaction towards hypermarkets in Tirupur city. Primary data were collected from 120 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Analytical tools such as percentage analysis, weighted average method, and chi-square test were employed. The findings reveal that price, product variety, and store ambience are the most influential factors affecting customer satisfaction. The study concludes that although customers are generally satisfied, improvements in service quality and billing efficiency are required.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19470472

Dei Climate And Organisational Commitment: Empirical Evidence from IT Professionals in Bengaluru, India

Authors: Kruthishree M Kiran, Dr. Pooja Nagpal

Abstract: Purpose: This study investigates the influence of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) climate on organisational commitment among employees in information technology (IT) firms in Bengaluru, India – a context underserved by existing DEI research.Design/Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed. Primary data were collected from 173 full-time IT professionals in Bengaluru using a structured, validated questionnaire. DEI climate was assessed across three dimensions – Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion – using adapted scales from Mor Barak et al. (1998), Nishii (2013), and Colquitt et al. (2001). Organisational commitment was measured using the Allen and Meyer (1990) three-component scale. Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were applied for data analysis. Findings: DEI climate demonstrated a significant positive relationship with organisational commitment (r = 0.496, p < 0.001). PLS-SEM revealed that the model explains 74.5% of variance in organisational commitment (R² = 0.745). Equity climate emerged as the dominant predictor (β = 0.757, p < 0.001), followed by diversity climate (β = 0.203, p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in DEI perceptions or commitment were found across demographic groups. Practical Implications: Organisations should embed equity-driven practices – transparent performance appraisals, merit-based promotions, and unbiased HR policies – as the foundation of their DEI strategy. Symbolic diversity initiatives, without substantive fairness, are insufficient to drive employee commitment. Originality/Value: This is among the first studies to operationalise DEI as a unified organisational climate construct and examine its predictive power on commitment using PLS-SEM within the Indian IT sector, directly addressing conceptual, empirical, and sectoral gaps in the DEI literature.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19479124

Technology-Enabled Human Resource Functions: Opportunities, Benefits, And Challenges In The Digital Transformation Era

Authors: Dr. Manisha V. Nain, Dr. Kanchan Kumari, Dr. Manju Pathania Biswas

Abstract: Rapid advancements in digital technology have significantly reshaped the role of Human Resource Management (HRM) within modern organizations. HR functions that were once primarily administrative have gradually evolved into strategic activities supported by technology and data analytics. The integration of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS), cloud platforms, and workforce analytics enables organizations to enhance workforce management, improve operational efficiency, and support informed decision-making. These digital tools facilitate several HR activities including recruitment, employee training and development, performance evaluation, compensation management, and employee engagement. The present study investigates the opportunities, advantages, and challenges associated with the adoption of technology-driven HR practices. A mixed-method research approach was adopted, combining a systematic review of scholarly literature with an empirical survey. Secondary information was obtained from academic databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Emerald Insight, and Springer Link, focusing on studies published between 2018 and 2024. In addition, primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 150 HR professionals working across sectors including information technology, manufacturing, banking, and services. The findings reveal that technology-enabled HR systems contribute significantly to improving operational efficiency, enabling data-based decision-making, and enhancing the overall employee experience. Digital recruitment platforms, HR analytics tools, and learning management systems help organizations simplify HR processes and support strategic workforce planning. Nevertheless, organizations continue to encounter challenges such as concerns regarding data privacy, limited digital competencies among HR professionals, resistance to technological adoption, and the risk of algorithmic bias in AI-supported HR decisions. The study concludes that organizations must integrate technological innovation with ethical governance and human-centric management approaches in order to achieve sustainable digital HR transformation.

Determinants Of Dividend Policy: An Empirical Analysis Of Firm-Specific Factors Among NIFTY 50 Companies

Authors: Sanjay M

Abstract: In this paper, the empirical investigation is conducted on the firm-specific determinants of dividend payment policy among NIFTY 50 listed companies during the period 2014 to 2024. The secondary data for 50 firms over a period of 10 years (N = 500) was collected from CMIE Prowess IQ, BSE, and NSE company reports. Fixed Effects (FE) Panel Regression (selected using Hausman specification test) with Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) was used to determine the effect of ROE, SIZE, LEV, LIQ, SG, and FCF on the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Results indicate that profitability (β = 0.4521, p < 0.001), FCF (β = 0.2987, p < 0.001), and LIQ (β = 0.0912, p < 0.001) have a positive impact on DPR, whereas LEV (β = −0.1234, p < 0.001) limits the dividend. The within R² of 62.34% reinforces the model’s high level of explanatory ability. The findings support the theories of agency cost, signalling, life cycle, and pecking order, thus contributing empirical insights to dividend policy behaviour in India’s top large cap stock market segment.

DOI:

+HR Challenges in Managing Gig Workers in the IT Sector: An Empirical Investigation of Employee Engagement, Compensation, and Job Satisfaction

Authors: Srihari K S

Abstract: The rapid expansion of the gig economy has fundamentally transformed workforce dynamics in the Information Technology (IT) sector, creating new opportunities alongside complex human resource (HR) management challenges. This study examines the key HR challenges associated with managing gig workers in the IT sector, with specific focus on the roles of employee engagement and compensation & benefits as determinants of job satisfaction. Employing a quantitative research design, primary data were collected from 107 IT gig workers engaged in software development, web design, data analysis, and testing roles through a structured, validated 30-item questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha reliability testing, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, independent-samples t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. Findings reveal that all three constructs—employee engagement (M = 3.687), compensation & benefits (M = 3.820), and job satisfaction (M = 3.782)—exceed the neutral midpoint significantly (p < 0.001), yet fall below the agreement threshold, indicating unresolved structural challenges. Multiple regression analysis demonstrates that employee engagement (β = 0.516) and compensation & benefits (β = 0.382) together explain 62.1% of the variance in job satisfaction (R² = 0.621). Gender- based analysis reveals significantly higher satisfaction among female gig workers (M = 3.952) compared to males (M = 3.530; p = 0.005). Satisfaction levels are consistent across work type and experience level, suggesting systemic rather than role-specific HR deficiencies. The study advances the application of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model and Self-Determination Theory to non- standard employment contexts, and offers actionable recommendations for HR professionals managing contingent IT workforces.

DOI:

A Study On Customer Satisfaction Towards Digital Banking Services

Authors: Maithili Kashinath Patil

Abstract: The digital revolution has significantly changed the banking sector, making services faster, more convenient, and easily accessible through digital platforms. In India, digital banking has grown rapidly, especially after demonetization and the COVID-19 pandemic. It allows customers to perform various banking activities such as money transfers, bill payments, and checking account details anytime and anywhere without visiting a bank branch. This study aims to examine customer satisfaction with digital banking services by focusing on important factors like ease of use, security, speed of service, technical issues, and availability of features. The research is based on primary data collected from around 100 respondents through structured questionnaires. Statistical tools such as correlation, regression, and descriptive analysis were used to understand the relationship between these factors and customer satisfaction. The findings show that digital banking has a strong positive impact on customers, especially due to its ease of use and quick service. However, technical problems and system errors can reduce user satisfaction. Overall, customers appreciate the convenience of digital banking, but improvements are needed in system reliability, user interface, and customer support. The study suggests that banks should focus on improving digital platforms, reducing technical issues, and increasing awareness and digital literacy among users to enhance overall customer satisfaction.

DOI:

The Role of Green Entrepreneurship in Promoting Sustainable Development: Issues, Barriers, and Growth Prospects

Authors: Ms. Navya. Nethula, Dr.Ch. Venkateswarlu

Abstract: Green entrepreneurship has emerged as a transformative approach to achieving sustainable development by integrating environmental responsibility with economic innovation. In the context of rising climate change concerns, resource depletion, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation, traditional business models are increasingly being challenged to adopt sustainable practices. Green entrepreneurship refers to the creation and development of enterprises that prioritize environmental protection, social well-being, and economic viability simultaneously. It plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable development by fostering eco-friendly technologies, renewable energy solutions, waste management systems, sustainable agriculture, green manufacturing, and circular economy practices. The role of green entrepreneurship extends beyond profit generation; it emphasizes long-term ecological balance and social equity. By promoting energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, encouraging recycling and reuse, and minimizing environmental footprints, green enterprises contribute directly to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These ventures create green jobs, stimulate innovation in clean technologies, and support inclusive economic growth. Moreover, green entrepreneurs act as change agents by influencing consumer behavior, encouraging responsible consumption patterns, and advocating sustainable production systems. Despite its significant potential, green entrepreneurship faces numerous issues and barriers that hinder its growth. One of the primary challenges is limited access to finance. Green ventures often require substantial initial investment in research, technology, and infrastructure, while investors may perceive them as high-risk due to uncertain returns and longer payback periods. Regulatory complexities and lack of clear environmental policies also pose obstacles, especially in developing economies where policy frameworks are inconsistent or weakly enforced. Additionally, inadequate awareness among consumers, limited technical expertise, lack of skilled manpower, and insufficient support from financial institutions further restrict the expansion of green enterprises. Market-related barriers such as high production costs, intense competition from conventional businesses, and limited demand for green products also constrain entrepreneurial initiatives. In many cases, green products are priced higher due to sustainable sourcing and environmentally friendly production processes, making them less competitive in price-sensitive markets. Furthermore, the absence of proper infrastructure, such as recycling facilities and renewable energy grids, creates operational challenges for green entrepreneurs. However, the growth prospects of green entrepreneurship remain promising. Increasing environmental awareness, supportive government policies, international climate agreements, and rising demand for sustainable products provide significant opportunities. Technological advancements in renewable energy, electric mobility, green construction, and sustainable supply chain management are accelerating the transition toward a greener economy. Governments and international organizations are also offering incentives, subsidies, tax benefits, and green financing mechanisms to encourage eco-friendly business initiatives. The integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria into corporate strategies and investment decisions further strengthens the ecosystem for green entrepreneurship. In conclusion, green entrepreneurship represents a vital pathway toward sustainable development by aligning economic growth with environmental stewardship and social responsibility. Although it faces financial, regulatory, technological, and market-related barriers, supportive policies, innovation, and growing environmental consciousness create substantial opportunities for its expansion. Strengthening institutional support, enhancing access to green finance, and fostering sustainable consumer behavior are essential to unlock the full potential of green entrepreneurship in building a resilient and sustainable future

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19496696

Engines Of Prosperity: How Startups Drive Economic Growth

Authors: Samaksh Jain

Abstract: Startups — newly established, high-growth-potential firms — have become pivotal drivers of economic expansion in the twenty-first century. This paper examines the multidimensional relationship between entrepreneurial startup activity and macroeconomic growth. Drawing on Schumpeterian theories of creative destruction, empirical data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, and comparative analyses of prominent startup ecosystems worldwide, this paper argues that startups contribute to economic growth through five interrelated channels: job creation, technological innovation, productivity enhancement, market competition, and foreign direct investment stimulation. The research further explores the structural conditions — including access to capital, regulatory environments, and educational infrastructure — that either facilitate or impede startup-driven growth. Special attention is given to India's rapidly expanding startup ecosystem as a case study in policy-enabled entrepreneurial development. The paper concludes that governments and institutions which prioritize entrepreneurial ecosystems through targeted policy interventions can unlock significant and sustained economic development, making startup-led growth not a fortunate accident of market forces but an engineerable outcome of deliberate public policy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19506033

A Study On Consumer Perception Towards Sustainable Packaging And References To Tirupur

Authors: MS. K.M.S. Adhira, Dr. R. Indra

Abstract: Sustainable packaging has become an important aspect of modern business practices due to increasing environmental concerns such as plastic pollution, waste generation, and climate change. Consumers are becoming more aware of eco-friendly products and prefer brands that use recyclable, biodegradable, and reusable packaging materials. This study aims to analyse consumer perception towards sustainable packaging and its impact on purchasing decisions. The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that consumers show a positive attitude towards sustainable packaging, but factors such as cost, convenience, and awareness influence their final purchase decisions. The study highlights the need for companies to adopt sustainable packaging to improve brand image and environmental responsibility

Empowering Youth Entrepreneurship In India: A Conceptual Synthesis Of Ecosystem Enablers And Barriers

Authors: Mrs. Minakshi Kumari, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Raju

Abstract: Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a driver of innovation, job creation, and long-term economic development. In India, persistently high youth unemployment and underemployment make youth entrepreneurship an important pathway for livelihoods, enterprise growth, and inclusive prosperity. This conceptual paper synthesizes key ecosystem enablers and barriers that shape youth entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes in India. Drawing on secondary sources—peer-reviewed studies, policy documents, and credible practitioner materials—the analysis organizes evidence around (a) multidimensional youth empowerment (individual, social, educational, economic, psychological, and physical) and (b) ecosystem support factors such as access to capital, mentorship, networks, skills development, incubators/accelerators, and awareness of government schemes (e.g., Startup India). The synthesis highlights that fragmented support and limited policy awareness can weaken entrepreneurial entry and survival, while education and curriculum reforms can cultivate entrepreneurial mindsets from an early stage. The paper proposes an integrated conceptual framework linking empowerment capabilities to ecosystem resources and expected economic outcomes. Practical implications are offered for policymakers, educational institutions, and entrepreneurship support organizations to design coordinated interventions that enable Indian youth to translate entrepreneurial aspirations into sustainable ventures.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19508862

Influencer Marketing as a Dominant Approach to Successful Branding and Customer Relationship Management

Authors: Assistant Professor Akshitha B

Abstract: Influencer marketing is recognized as an important digital marketing strategy for building brand awareness and customer relationships. The strategy involves the use of popular influencers on social media platforms to create authenticity, customer engagement, and influence customer buying behavior. This study aims to investigate the role of influencer marketing in branding and customer relationship management through the assessment of its effectiveness with quantitative measures and comparative models. The framework is designed to create an effective influencer marketing strategy through the selection process, customer engagement analysis, and CRM integration. The results show that almost 49% of the population is influenced by social media influencers while making buying decisions, indicating the potential use of the strategy [2]. The study concludes that the strategy is effective in building customer relationships with the brand, making it an important part of the marketing strategy.

DOI: http://doi.org/

Digital Transformation In Modern Business Practices

Authors: Assistant Professor Kavitha S R, Assistant Professor Dr.Supritha R.K, Assistant Professor Naveen Kumar H S

Abstract: Digital transformation has emerged as a key driver in innovation, efficiency, and competitiveness in today’s business environments. It is defined as a process in which various technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, data analytics, and Internet of Things, are integrated in business processes. The objective of this research paper is to highlight the importance of digital transformation in business, which helps in improving business performance, providing a better customer experience, and making data-driven business decisions. The methodology for measuring digital transformation in various firms using a structured approach has been proposed in this research paper. Quantitative analysis has been performed on various parameters, such as productivity, return on investment, and customer retention, in order to assess business performance in firms adopting digital transformation strategies. It has been observed that firms are able to improve their business performance using digital transformation strategies in terms of efficiency and competitiveness. The research concludes by highlighting the importance of achieving digital transformation success in business environments.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.171

Gender-Based Performance Disparities In Entrepreneurship: An Integrative Review And Theoretical Synthesis

Authors: B.Lalramengmawia, Dr.K. Lalromawia

Abstract: Success as an entrepreneur is essential to the growth of the world economy, yet gender inequality still prevents fair results. This study examines how male and female entrepreneurs perform differently in terms of finances, innovation, and resources by synthesizing secondary data. With a theoretical framework to contextualize findings, the study explores the behavioural and structural factors that contribute to entrepreneurial success, anchored in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and social role theory. An inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem is promoted through a discussion of policy and practical implications. In addition to examining themes including financial outcomes, innovative inclinations, resource access, and societal impacts, this research looks at how entrepreneurs perform differently based on their gender. This study identifies areas for further research and offers a comprehensive picture of gender-specific entrepreneurial performance by combining perspectives.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19512142

Impact of AI-Driven Product Recommendations on Brand Engagement: A Study of The Indian E-Commerce Sector

Authors: Professor Dr. Saurabh Srivastava

Abstract: The rapid growth of the e-commerce sector, supported by advancements in artificial intelligence, has significantly transformed the way consumers interact with brands. Among various AI applications, AI driven product recommendations have emerged as a key tool for enhancing customer experience and influencing consumer behavior. This study examines the impact of AI driven product recommendations on brand engagement in the Indian e-commerce sector, with a specific focus on its cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. The research adopts a quantitative approach using primary data collected from 301 online shoppers through a structured questionnaire. Statistical techniques including descriptive analysis, reliability testing, correlation, regression, and ANOVA were applied using SPSS to analyze the data. The findings indicate that AI driven product recommendations have a strong and statistically significant impact on brand engagement. The results show that AI recommendations positively influence cognitive engagement by increasing attention and awareness, and affective engagement by enhancing satisfaction and emotional connection. The impact on behavioral engagement is positive but comparatively moderate, suggesting a gap between consumer perception and actual action. Correlation and regression analysis further confirm that AI recommendations explain a substantial proportion of variation in brand engagement, highlighting their importance as a strategic marketing tool. The study also identifies variations in consumer responses across different segments, emphasizing the need for targeted personalization strategies. The study contributes to both theory and practice by providing a structured understanding of how AI driven recommendation systems influence different dimensions of engagement in an emerging market context. The findings offer valuable insights for e commerce firms to desig more effective, personalized, and customer centric strategies while maintaining consumer trust and relevance.

DOI: http://doi.org/

Adoption And Impact Of Digital Banking And FinTech Services In Karnataka: An Empirical Analysis

Authors: Ms. Akshata Bilagi, Dr Pushpa Hongal

Abstract: Digital Banking and Financial Technology (FinTech) have grown rapidly in India and are gradually changing the financial sector landscape and behavior of the financial sector in India, more so in technologically advanced states like Karnataka. Against the backdrop of continuing financial sector reforms and policy thrust for increased digital financial inclusion, this study attempts to analyse the adoption and usage patterns of digital banking and FinTech services in Karnataka. The specific objectives of this study are to assess the growth in digital financial services like Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Mobile Banking, Digital Wallets, etc.; to identify the socio- economic and behavioral and other determinants of the adoption of these services, and; to examine their impact on financial inclusion and efficiency in transactions. The research design we utilized here is quantitative in nature, based on secondary and primary data sources. To capture trends in digital financial development, secondary data is collected from credible sources like Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), and World Bank databases. A focused structured questionnaire is used to collect primary data and the sample was restricted to 150 respondents, chosen randomly from urban, semi-urban and rural parts of the Karnataka state using stratified random sampling technique. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis along with multiple regression models were used for analyzing the data in order to test the hypotheses developed. Empirical evidence demonstrates that digital literacy, income level and trust in digital platforms are three of the strongest positive drivers of FinTech adoption, while cybersecurity and data privacy risk factors are the biggest deterrents. It has also found that digital banking services, especially UPI-based transactions, increased access to finance, lowered transaction costs, enhanced efficiency and positively affect financial inclusion. However, very little of it is equally distributed, rural areas are hampered both due to lack of digital awareness and infrastructure. The paper closes by suggesting specific policy measures that must be adopted to bridge the digital divide, build robust cybersecurity infrastructure, and ensure growth of a sustainable FinTech ecosystem in an inclusive manner in Karnataka.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19552958

An Impact on Digital Transformation Changing Business Models and Strategies

Authors: Eunice Lungu, Arockia Anisha

Abstract: Digital transformation has emerged as a critical driver of organizational change, fundamentally reshaping business models and strategic approaches across industries. This paper explores the impact of digital technologies—such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and the Internet of Things—on how businesses create, deliver, and capture value. It highlights the shift from traditional, product-centric models to customer-centric, platform-based, and data-driven ecosystems. The study examines how organizations are leveraging digital tools to enhance operational efficiency, improve customer experiences, and enable real-time decision-making. It also discusses the strategic implications of digital transformation, including increased competition, the need for agile leadership, and the importance of continuous innovation. Furthermore, the paper addresses key challenges such as cybersecurity risks, resistance to change, and the skills gap within the workforce.

DOI: http://doi.org/

Shadow Banking : The Rise Of Private Credit Funds

Authors: Vivek Sharma

Abstract: Shadow Banking represents a profound transformation in the architecture of global financial intermediation, marked by the rapid expansion of private credit funds and the growing dominance of non-bank financial institutions. In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, regulatory tightening in traditional banking systems—particularly through Basel III reforms—significantly constrained bank lending capacity. This reg- ulatory shift created space for alternative lending channels, enabling private credit markets to emerge as a critical source of financing for corporations, especially middle- market firms. This study investigates the structural evolution, economic significance, and systemic risk implications of private credit markets within the broader context of financializa- tion. Drawing upon secondary data from international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Financial Stability Board (FSB), and World Bank, as well as industry reports from leading asset managers, the paper employs a mixed-method approach combining qualitative theoretical analysis with quantitative regression modeling. The empirical framework focuses on identifying key determinants of credit risk, including leverage, default rates, and market volatility. The findings reveal a strong positive relationship between leverage and systemic risk, indicating that increased reliance on debt financing significantly amplifies financial fragility. Additionally, elevated default rates and heightened market volatility further exacerbate risk exposure within private credit portfolios. The study highlights that while private credit funds enhance financial inclusion and provide flexible financing solutions, they simultaneously introduce substantial systemic vulnerabilities due to opacity, limited regulatory oversight, and interconnected exposures. The paper contributes to the growing literature on shadow banking by offering a comprehensive analysis of Shadow Banking and its implications for financial stability. It concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced macroprudential regulation, improved transparency, and robust risk monitoring frameworks to mitigate the systemic risks associated with the continued expansion of private credit markets.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570220

Impact of AI-Driven Product Recommendations on Brand Engagement: A Study of The Indian E-Commerce Sector

Authors: Gunupati Venkata Saatwik kumar, Professor Dr. Saurabh Srivastava

Abstract: The rapid growth of the e-commerce sector, supported by advancements in artificial intelligence, has significantly transformed the way consumers interact with brands. Among various AI applications, AI driven product recommendations have emerged as a key tool for enhancing customer experience and influencing consumer behavior. This study examines the impact of AI driven product recommendations on brand engagement in the Indian e-commerce sector, with a specific focus on its cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. The research adopts a quantitative approach using primary data collected from 301 online shoppers through a structured questionnaire. Statistical techniques including descriptive analysis, reliability testing, correlation, regression, and ANOVA were applied using SPSS to analyze the data. The findings indicate that AI driven product recommendations have a strong and statistically significant impact on brand engagement. The results show that AI recommendations positively influence cognitive engagement by increasing attention and awareness, and affective engagement by enhancing satisfaction and emotional connection. The impact on behavioral engagement is positive but comparatively moderate, suggesting a gap between consumer perception and actual action. Correlation and regression analysis further confirm that AI recommendations explain a substantial proportion of variation in brand engagement, highlighting their importance as a strategic marketing tool. The study also identifies variations in consumer responses across different segments, emphasizing the need for targeted personalization strategies. The study contributes to both theory and practice by providing a structured understanding of how AI driven recommendation systems influence different dimensions of engagement in an emerging market context. The findings offer valuable insights for e commerce firms to desig more effective, personalized, and customer centric strategies while maintaining consumer trust and relevance.

DOI: http://doi.org/

A Study On Working Capital Management

Authors: Gokul M, Dr. C. Indra Refline Missier

Abstract: Working capital management is a crucial aspect of financial management that ensures a company's liquidity, operational efficiency, and overall financial health. This study examines the working capital management of MOA Engineering Pvt. Ltd., focusing on its strategies for optimizing current assets and liabilities to maintain profitability and growth. MOA Engineering Pvt. Ltd. effectively manages its cash flow, inventory, receivables, and payables to ensure smooth operations while minimizing financial risks. The company employs just-in-time (JIT) inventory management to reduce holding costs and optimize the production cycle. Additionally, it maintains a balanced approach to credit policies, ensuring timely receivables without straining customer relations. A detailed analysis of financial reports reveals how MOA Engineering Pvt. Ltd. maintains a healthy working capital ratio, ensuring liquidity while leveraging short-term financing efficiently. The study also explores how the company navigates challenges such as fluctuations in demand, supply chain disruptions, and market competition. By implementing robust working capital management strategies, MOA Engineering Pvt. Ltd. enhances its operational efficiency, reduces financial costs, and sustains profitability. This research underscores the significance of efficient working capital management in sustaining long-term business success.

Entrepreneurial Leadership In Emerging Economies: A Management Perspective

Authors: Dr.V.O.Kavitha, Dr. Viji R, Prof. (Dr.) Vellayan Srinivasan

Abstract: Entrepreneurial leadership has emerged as a critical determinant of business sustainability and economic growth in emerging economies. This study examines the role of entrepreneurial leadership in influencing organizational performance, innovation capability, and strategic adaptability among entrepreneurs operating in emerging markets. Using empirical data collected from 100 entrepreneurs across various emerging economies, the study applies Chi-square analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis to investigate relationships between leadership practices and business outcomes. Findings indicate that entrepreneurial leadership significantly enhances innovation, decision-making effectiveness, and competitive advantage. The study contributes to management literature by offering evidence-based insights into leadership patterns shaping entrepreneurial success in developing economic contexts.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19591242

Effect of Organisational Cynicism on Employee Performance in Tertiary Health Sector Institutions in, Nigeria

Authors: Dr. Fidelis Idajor Efenji, Dr. Aidi Paul Aidi

Abstract: This study investigates the effect of organizational cynicism on employee performance in tertiary health sector institutions in Nigeria. Specifically, it examines the influence of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of cynicism on employees’ task performance. The research adopts a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design, which enables the collection of primary data from employees at a single point in time. The study population comprises 1,200 employees across tertiary health institutions, including academic staff, administrative personnel, and healthcare professionals. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 300 respondents, ensuring proportional representation across departments and job roles. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from validated scales in organizational behavior literature. The instrument measured organizational cynicism across its three dimensions cognitive, affective, and behavioral as well as employee task performance, including productivity, quality of work, and goal attainment. Responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale, and reliability was confirmed through a pilot study with Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.80 for all constructs. The study employed multiple regression analysis to examine the relationships between organizational cynicism and employee performance. The results revealed that cognitive cynicism (β = -0.254, p < 0.05), affective cynicism (β = -0.198, p < 0.05), and behavioral cynicism (β = -0.211, p < 0.05) all negatively and significantly influence task performance. Collectively, these dimensions explained approximately 46.7% of the variance in employee performance (Adjusted R² = 0.455, F = 37.84, p < 0.05). The findings suggest that employees’ negative beliefs, emotional detachment, and cynical behaviors toward their institutions substantially reduce task performance. The study concludes that organizational cynicism is a significant predictor of employee effectiveness, emphasizing the need for management interventions aimed at fostering trust, engagement, and positive organizational culture. The research contributes to the understanding of how cynicism impacts employee outcomes in the health sector and provides actionable insights for policy formulation and organizational development strategies in Nigerian tertiary health institutions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19594117

Factors Influencing Investment Decision in Mutual Funds

Authors: Vivek Sharma

Abstract: A rapid change in the mutual fund business is picking up, posing new challenges and opportunities to provide more value to investors while also demanding greater transparency. Regardless of the amount invested, mutual funds provide the average investor with a venue for qualified fund management to interact in the market. The main goal of this research is to find out about the elements which can impact other people's investment Choices and preferences. Such observations can help mutual fund companies determine where they need to improve and strengthen their marketing efforts. This study analyzes that investor are hesitant to participate in equity funds when market is not stable or down, but the marketing & distribution costs of these mutual funds, which were incurred during that period, do not reflect a rise in investor preference. The volume of savings, investment pattern, and risk profile of investors all play a role in mutual fund buying decisions. As a mutual fund product manager, your job is to create mutual fund products that offer the best combination of return, risk, liquidity, and safety for small investors. As a result, it is critical to examine investor profiles, preferences, and how they assess mutual fund schemes, as well as what major aspects influence their rating scheme. For many ordinary investors, mutual funds have become a significant doorway. Many factors influence an investor's decision to invest in a mutual fund, including simple liquidity, high flexibility, consistent returns, low initial contributions, tax benefits, and expert management. Even if the other elements impacting the behaviour remain consistent, investor behaviour can alter with time. This project tries to discover the elements that influence mutual fund investment decisions and their preference over retail investors. This initiative will also investigate the reasons that discourage people from investing in mutual funds. The data will aid mutual fund businesses in identifying areas in which they may improve, as well as their marketing methods. It will assist mutual fund businesses in developing new and creative products based on investor preferences.

DOI: http://doi.org/

Role Of Influencer Advertising In Promoting Sustainability

Authors: Dr. Ajit Singh

Abstract: As the world becomes more focused on living sustainably, both brands and consumers are making choices that care about the environment and social responsibility. In this change, influencer marketing has become a strong tool in the digital world. It's not just about selling products anymore, but also about raising awareness and encouraging people to take action for sustainability. This study looks at how influencer marketing is changing across different industries, showing how online creators are playing a big role in shaping what people know, think, and do when it comes to being eco-friendly. The study uses a qualitative and exploratory method, gathering information from existing data, online resources, and interviews with sustainability influencers in areas like fashion, beauty, lifestyle, travel, home, and technology. The results show that being real, trustworthy, and open are key to effective communication about sustainability. Often, smaller influencers—like micro- and nano-influencers—are better at building trust and getting people involved.

An Assessment of the Impact of Entrepreneurial Capacity on Entrepreneurial Success of Cdf Funded Businesses in Kapiri District, Zambia

Authors: William Phiri, Mr.Barrack Chama

Abstract: Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in stimulating economic expansion, especially in develop-ing nations like Zambia. Given the circumstances, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that receive assistance from the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) constitute a substan-tial portion of the entrepreneurial environment. It is imperative to comprehend the entrepre-neurial capabilities of these businesses funded by the CDF in order to clarify their contribu-tion to the advancement of the local economy and to guide specific interventions that aim to improve their long-term viability and prosperity. The entrepreneurial capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) supported by the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) in Petauke, Zambia is the subject of this study. The research was conducted with the follow-ing objectives in mind: to determine the impact of risk-taking, networking, innovation, and leadership competencies of entrepreneurs on the success of their enterprises. The literature re-view provided an explanation for the study's examination of previous activities. The literature review assessed the correlation between the different entrepreneurial capacities and their im-pact on the global success of entrepreneurial enterprises. By utilising a descriptive research design, information was gathered from 10,010 entrepreneurial businesses funded by the CDF, which constituted the target population. The researchers employed a stratified random sam-pling method in order to determine the sample size of 601 participants. The data was gathered via structured questionnaires and subsequently assessed utilising descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. For statistical reference, the data were analysed using descriptive statis-tics (frequency and percentage), tables and graphical representations, and a multiple linear re-gression model in which survival was regressed against the four entrepreneurial capacity vari-ables. Entrepreneurial capacities (innovation capacity, leadership capacity, networking capaci-ty, and risk-taking capacity) possessed by owner or managers of CDF funded businesses in Petauke, Zambia have a positive and statistically significant impact on the success of entre-preneurial business except for Leadership capacity was statistically not significant. Thus, en-trepreneurial capacities indicated increasing their chances of success, according to the find-ings. Hence, the research suggests that CDF funded businesses or entrepreneurial businesses, via their management, should adopt calculated risk-taking strategies in their operations, im-prove leadership capacity, a critical factor in the survival and performance of the organisation, and ensure that they embrace networking competency to gain a competitive edge and expand their clientele

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19606215

Exploring And Examining Corporate Finance And Investment In SMEs Growth: A Case Study On Selected SMEs Of Kapiri District.

Authors: Chiluba Gladys Kunda, Mr. Fanwell Mwape

Abstract: Corporate Finance is the management of a company’s financial activities, that is funding investment and capital structure It involves making strategic decisions about to raise and allocate capital to support the company’s operations, growth and long-term sustainability The major problem that the research addresses is the challenge of effectively using corporate finance and investment to drive business growth in SMEs in kapiri Mposhi district. This challenge is particularly relevant in today’s rapidly changing business environment, where companies must be able to adapt quickly to changing market condition and evolving regulatory environment by exploring the role of corporate finance and investment in driving business growth in SMEs: The research aims to access the availability and accessibility of corporate finance resources for SMEs in Kapiri district. This can include developing strong financial analysis and modeling capabilities, identifying best practices and effective strategies and considering the ethical implications of corporate finance and investment decisions. The study aims to investigate the role of corporate finance and investment in 50 SMEs and 2 Commercial banks in kapiri Mposhi district. The study will also analyze the impact of these challenges on business growth. To ascertain the correct data, the researcher will use Mixed-methods approaches, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The research seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities presented by corporate finance and investment in SMEs, offer recommendations for future success in this area.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19606263

Management Practices That Affect Guidance and Counselling Services in Public Secondary Schools in Itezhi-Tezhi District, Zambia

Authors: Mulenga Petronella

Abstract: This study examined the management practices that affect the provision of guidance and counselling services in public secondary schools in Itezhi-Tezhi District, Zambia. The research was motivated by concerns regarding the ineffective implementation of guidance and counselling programs in schools despite their critical role in supporting learners’ academic, social, and emotional development. The study employed a descriptive research design, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected from head teachers, guidance teachers, and pupils through questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that several management-related factors significantly influence the effectiveness of guidance and counselling services. These include inadequate administrative support, lack of clear policy implementation, shortage of trained personnel, insufficient resources, poor time allocation, and negative attitudes towards guidance and counselling programs. Additionally, limited monitoring and evaluation mechanisms and weak coordination structures were found to hinder service delivery. The study concludes that effective management practices are essential for the successful implementation of guidance and counselling services in schools. It recommends that school administrators strengthen leadership support, ensure proper allocation of resources, promote staff training, and integrate guidance and counselling into the school timetable to enhance its effectiveness.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19606347

Impact of Social Media on Consumer Buying Behaviour

Authors: Mr. Vamsi, Assistant Professor Ms. Bushrab

Abstract: Social media marketing has become a powerful tool in the modern digital landscape, significantly influencing consumer behavior and decision-making processes. Unlike traditional marketing methods, social media platforms enable direct interaction between brands and consumers, fostering engagement, trust, and brand loyalty. Through targeted advertisements, influencer marketing, and user-generated content, businesses can effectively shape consumer perceptions and preferences. Social media also allows real-time communication and feedback, which enhances customer satisfaction and improves brand visibility. This study examines how social media marketing impacts consumer awareness, purchase decisions, and brand engagement. It highlights the growing importance of digital platforms in influencing buying behavior and emphasizes the need for businesses to adopt effective social media strategies.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19607586

The Role of Microfinance Institutions in Promoting Financial Inclusion in Rural Areas Rural Areas

Authors: Ms. Aparna C S, Associate Professor Dr. T. M. Hemalatha

Abstract: Financial inclusion is a key driver of inclusive economic growth, especially in rural areas where access to formal banking services remains limited. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) play a significant role in bridging this gap by providing small-scale financial services such as micro-credit, savings, and insurance to low-income populations. This study examines the role of microfinance institutions in promoting financial inclusion in rural areas. The research focuses on understanding the accessibility, affordability, and effectiveness of microfinance services in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural beneficiaries. Using a descriptive research design, data was collected through a structured questionnaire and supported by secondary sources. The findings indicate that microfinance institutions have contributed positively to financial inclusion by enhancing access to credit, encouraging savings habits, supporting income-generating activities, and reducing dependence on informal moneylenders. The study highlights the importance of strengthening microfinance practices to achieve sustainable rural development.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19607799

Exploring Opportunities for Rural Micro and Small Enterprises through Digital Marketplaces

Authors: Assistant Professor Dr. Geethpriya B, Ms. Ananya Maity G

Abstract: This study examines the opportunities that digital marketplaces present for rural micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in India. It investigates how online platforms enhance market access, reduce transaction costs, and foster innovation among rural entrepreneurs. The research explores the role of e-commerce, mobile applications, and government-led digital initiatives in empowering rural businesses, while also addressing challenges such as digital illiteracy, infrastructure deficits, and trust barriers. Based on primary data from 120 rural entrepreneurs, the findings indicate that digital marketplaces can substantially improve competitiveness, income generation, and long-term sustainability of rural enterprises, provided they are complemented by supportive policies and targeted training programs.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19608080

A Study on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Labor Market: With Special Reference to Coimbatore District

Authors: Assistant Professor Dr. G. Arut Geevitha, Ms. P Dharini

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the global labor market by automating routine tasks, creating new employment opportunities, and reshaping skill requirements. While AI improves productivity and innovation, it also raises concerns regarding job displacement and workforce inequality. This article examines the opportunities and challenges associated with AI adoption using secondary data from global reports and surveys. Statistical insights are presented through tables along with interpretations to understand AI’s influence on employment patterns.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19608376

Impact of the Internet of Behaviour (IOB) on Users and Business Practices in the Industrial Sector: A Study with Special Reference to Coimbatore City

Authors: Professor Dr. T. M. Hemalatha, Mr. M. Dinesh

Abstract: We live in an age where every click, every pause, and every pattern we leave behind tells a story. That story is no longer going unheard. Born at the crossroads of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and the Internet of Things, the Internet of Behaviour quietly and persistently is learning to listen. It watches how people work, how customers choose, and how decisions unfold on the factory floor and beyond. This study steps into that world, not merely to observe, but to understand what IOB truly means for the people and businesses of Coimbatore City, a city that has long worn its industrial identity with quiet pride. To give this inquiry a human face, voices were gathered 120 of them from employees who spend their days inside these industries and customers whose experiences shape its pulse. Through structured conversations and careful statistical examination, a layered picture began to emerge. On one hand, IOB breathes new life into productivity, sharpens the edge of decision-making, and draws businesses closer to the people they serve. On the other hand, it casts a shadow — of surveillance felt a little too closely, of stress that arrives uninvited, and of data that sometimes travels further than it was ever meant to go. What this study ultimately finds is not a simple verdict of good or bad, but something more honest that IOB is powerful precisely because it is personal. For IOB to grow roots rather than just branches in the industrial world, it must be guided by ethics, protected by strong data governance, and shaped with the trust of the very people it touches. Because in the end, behind every behaviour that gets recorded, there is still a human being who deserves to be treated as more than just data.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19608635

Balancing Profitability And Education In Private Tertiary Education Institutions In Kabwe District, Zambia: A Mixed Methods Approach.

Authors: Sinkala Malack

Abstract: The increasing commercialization of higher education has intensified the challenge faced by private tertiary education institutions in balancing financial sustainability with the delivery of quality education. This study examined the strategic dynamics between profitability and educational quality in private tertiary education institutions in Kabwe District, Zambia, focusing on Mukuni College of Health Sciences and Technology, Broken Hill College of Applied Science and Education, and the University of Kabwe. The study adopted a mixed-methods research approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding of institutional strategies and competitive pressures. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to institutional administrators, academic staff, and students, while qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Porter’s Five Forces framework was employed to analyze the competitive environment influencing institutional profitability and educational outcomes, including competitive rivalry, bargaining power of students and suppliers, threat of substitutes, and barriers to entry. The findings reveal that intense competition, rising operational costs, and increased student price sensitivity significantly influence profitability, often constraining investments in academic infrastructure, staff development, and learning resources. However, institutions that strategically differentiate through specialized programs, quality assurance mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement demonstrate a stronger ability to balance financial performance with educational standards. The study concludes that sustainable profitability in private tertiary education institutions is achievable when strategic management practices are aligned with quality-driven educational objectives. The study recommends the adoption of diversified revenue streams, enhanced academic quality assurance systems, and strategic positioning within niche markets to ensure long-term institutional sustainability. The findings contribute to policy formulation, institutional strategic planning, and the broader discourse on private higher education management in developing economies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19608802

The AI Intimacy Gap: A Study Of Parasocial Bonds In 2026

Authors: Byreddy Sree Deepthi

Abstract: The Problem: Usually, "parasocial relationships" happen when we feel close to something or someone who doesn't actually know we exist. We tend to form such one-sided friendships with either influencers, YouTubers, or fictional characters. But in 2026, students are starting to form these same deep bonds with AI characters and AI influencers. Traditional Parasocial bonds, usually with influencers or celebrities, are one-way, but on the other hand, these AI bots can actually talk back to us 24/7. The Goal: This paper dives into how college students are using these “AI companions”. It’s going to answer core questions like- Are they replacing real-life friends? Do students trust an AI's advice more than a human creator's? Method: I surveyed students, friends and family members and looked at how individuals talk to AI on apps like Chat GPT, Gemini, Nomi AI, Character.AI, etc. to see how "real" these friendships feel to them. The Results: The research shows that because AI can reply instantly and remember your name, the bond feels much stronger and more intimate than a normal fan-celebrity relationship. Even though individuals know that AI isn't a real person, they still feel that real emotional connection to it. The Conclusion: This is a big deal for our future. It means we need to think about how these "AI companions" might affect our mental health. These findings highlight an urgent need to discuss about the ethics of entrusting our emotional needs to software and what this means for the future of human bonds.

A Study Of Customer Satisfaction Towards Oppo Mobile Phones

Authors: Ms. R. Dharshini, Dr. P. Poornima

Abstract: In the modern digital era, smartphones have become an essential part of everyday life. Among various mobile brands, OPPO has gained significant popularity due to its innovative features, camera quality, and affordable pricing. This study aims to analyse the level of customer satisfaction towards OPPO mobile phones among users in Coimbatore city. The research focuses on factors such as product quality, price, battery life, camera performance, design, and after-sales service. The study also examines customer preferences, buying behaviour, and issues faced while using OPPO mobiles. The findings reveal that most customers are satisfied with OPPO smartphones, especially in terms of price and camera quality, though some improvements are required in battery performance and service support.

Impact Of Capital Structure On Financial Performance Of Indian Listed Companies

Authors: Gurpreet Kaur Wadhwa, Dr. Alka Chaudhary

Abstract: Capital structure plays a critical role in shaping the financial performance of firms, particularly in emerging markets like India where capital market dynamics, regulatory frameworks, and financing constraints differ from developed economies. This study examines the impact of capital structure on the financial performance of Indian listed companies across multiple sectors. Using panel data from a sample of firms listed on the National Stock Exchange of India and Bombay Stock Exchange, the analysis explores the relationship between leverage ratios (such as debt-to-equity and total debt ratios) and key performance indicators including return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and firm value. The study employs regression techniques to assess how varying levels of debt influence profitability and efficiency. The findings indicate that moderate use of debt can enhance firm performance due to tax advantages and disciplined management, consistent with the Trade-Off Theory. However, excessive leverage negatively affects financial performance due to increased financial risk and cost of capital. The results also provide partial support for the Pecking Order Theory, suggesting firms prefer internal financing before resorting to external debt. The study offers insights for corporate managers, investors, and policymakers in optimizing capital structure decisions to improve firm performance.

Determinants of Stock Price Movements in India based on technical indicators

Authors: Ronit Arora, Dr. Alka Chaudhary

Abstract: Specifically, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact that the capital structure of publicly traded companies in India has on the actual financial performance of those companies. What constitutes a company's capital structure is the proportion of debt to equity that it employs in order to finance its expansion and day-to-day operations. This is an important decision because it affects profits, risk, and the long-term survival of the business. The management of a company needs to make a significant financial decision in order to decide how to find the optimal balance between the various ways to make money. Over a period of ten years, from 2014 to 2024, the research investigates one hundred non-financial companies that are listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). You can determine how well a company is doing financially by looking at its Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin (NPM). These metrics are all broken into three categories. Determining the capital structure can be accomplished through the use of a number of different ratios, including the debt-to-equity ratio, the long-term debt ratio, and the short-term debt ratio. For the purpose of analyzing the connections between a wide range of factors, the research utilized panel data regression techniques, more specifically Fixed Effects and Random Effects models.

DOI:

Manipurs Forgotten Crisis: Urban Gen Z Awareness Blindspot

Authors: Samia Khan

Abstract: The ongoing ethnic conflict in Manipur has emerged as one of the most significant yet under-discussed humanitarian crises in contemporary India. Despite widespread violence, displacement, and socio-political instability, awareness among urban Gen Z populations remains limited and fragmented. This study investigates the awareness gap among young individuals in metropolitan areas, focusing on their sources of information, engagement levels, and perception of the crisis. Drawing on survey data, media consumption patterns, and digital behavior analysis, the research highlights how algorithm-driven platforms such as Instagram, X (Twitter), and YouTube contribute to selective exposure and issue fatigue. The findings suggest that while Gen Z demonstrates high digital connectivity, their awareness is often shaped by trends, influencer narratives, and short-form content, leading to superficial understanding or complete disengagement from complex regional conflicts. The paper argues that this “awareness blindspot” is influenced by media framing, geographic distance, and competing online content. It concludes by emphasizing the need for responsible digital literacy, inclusive media representation, and educational interventions to bridge the gap between national crises and youth consciousness.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19627542

Review Of Agile Project Management Techniques

Authors: Harsh Kumar Bhalotia, Prof. Siddhartha Goutam

Abstract: Agile project management is a simple idea. It is a way to do projects that's flexible and can change as you go. A lot of people use it when they are making software. Other industries are starting to use it too. Agile project management is about working together as a team listening to what the customer thinks and getting things done quickly. It is really good at handling changes. Unlike ways of doing things like the Waterfall method Agile project management is all about being able to change your plans if you need to. It is also about making things all the time and getting things done early. This helps teams deal with changes in the project. One of the things about Agile project management is that it is done in small parts. These small parts are called sprints. At the end of each sprint you have something that actually works and you can show it to the people who're interested in the project. They can then tell you what they think. You can make changes. This means that when the project is finished it will be what the customer wanted. There are some known ways of doing Agile project management like Scrum and Kanban. These give you some rules to follow. They are not too strict. Agile project management also helps people in the team work together better. They have meetings every day. They talk about what they are doing. This means that everyone knows what is going on and they can make decisions. It also means that the customer is always involved and they get what they want. Agile project management is not perfect. One of the problems is that it needs the customer to be involved all the time. If they are not it does not work well. Also if you do not set limits the project can get out of control.

</p

AI-Driven Data Analytics For Enterprise Applications

Authors: Zulkifli Hassan

Abstract: The rapid growth of data in modern enterprises has created both opportunities and challenges for organizations seeking actionable insights. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven data analytics has emerged as a transformative approach for extracting meaningful patterns, making predictions, and supporting decision-making across enterprise applications. This study explores the integration of AI techniques—including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing—into enterprise data analytics frameworks. It highlights how AI-driven analytics enhances business intelligence, customer relationship management, supply chain optimization, and financial forecasting by enabling real-time, predictive, and prescriptive insights. The study also examines key enablers such as cloud computing, big data platforms, and data lakes that support scalable AI analytics. Additionally, it addresses critical challenges, including data quality, model interpretability, privacy concerns, and integration with legacy systems, and discusses potential solutions. Through practical applications and industry examples, the study demonstrates that AI-driven data analytics is essential for enterprises aiming to achieve operational efficiency, strategic advantage, and data-driven innovation in a competitive digital landscape.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19654926

HR 4.0: Integrating Technology with Human Capital Strategy

Authors: Mr. Pankaj Verma, Mr. Rohit Verma

Abstract: In the era of Industry 4.0, the Human Resource (HR) function plays a critical role in bridging the gap between technology and human resources. Although technology is taking over most of the tasks traditionally performed by human resources, there is still a growing need for flexible HR functions to address the challenges of managing people. To achieve this flexibility, technology can help bring agility to the HR process. Agility, which is the ability to move quickly and smoothly, is not a new concept and has been adopted by major companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft. In the context of HR, agility means the ability to adapt and develop individuals and processes in response to rapid and unpredictable changes, to support people, key strategies, and organizational adaptability [1], [2]. As an HR or Learning and Development (L and D) professional, being agile means being able to drive employee engagement and retention in alignment with the company’s overall objectives. HR Agility is particularly suitable for volatile HR functions where standardization of functions is difficult [3], [4]. In order for organizations to become agile, their workforce must focus on customer satisfaction and deliver value to them. However, since the HR function is not typically designed to provide direct incentives to the customer, it is often criticized for being slow to respond, which leads to dissatisfaction among employees. Therefore, organizations must encourage and empower HR to be more attentive and responsive to changing technologies and business needs in order to remain competitive and attract top talent. In an agile organization, HR continues to provide recruitment, development, performance management, and other HR functions, but using agile methodologies. There are three aspects of HR agility: the ability to quickly and efficiently identify issues that need to be addressed, the ability to reduce the time it takes to develop and implement a response, and the integration of analysis and design thinking to anticipate, plan, and target programs with the highest likelihood of success .

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19659419

A Study On Impact Of Social Media On Consumer Behaviour

Authors: Mr. Sparsh Agnihotri, Mr. Pankaj Lalwani

Abstract: The rapid growth of social media has significantly transformed consumer behavior in the digital age. This study examines how platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok influence consumer decision-making, brand perception, and purchasing patterns. Using secondary data and existing research findings, the paper identifies key factors such as peer influence, online reviews, influencer marketing, and targeted advertising. The study concludes that social media plays a crucial role in shaping consumer preferences, increasing brand engagement, and driving purchase decisions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19659568

A Study On Customer Perception Towards Organic Food Products

Authors: Dr. R. Indra, Ms. C. Athulya

Abstract: This study examines consumer perception towards organic food products in the context of increasing awareness about health, nutrition, and environmental sustainability. It explores how factors such as perceived health benefits, environmental impact, quality, price, availability, and trust in certification influence consumer attitudes and purchasing behaviour. Despite the growing popularity of organic food, challenges like high cost, limited accessibility, and lack of awareness continue to hinder its widespread adoption. The study aims to identify key determinants affecting consumer decisions and provide insights to promote the acceptance and market growth of organic food products.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19662045

Gastronomy Tourism And Destination Competitiveness: Policy, Practice, And Priorities In Indigenous Culinary Systems In Bangladesh

Authors: Md. Mehedi Hasan Sawon

Abstract: In the contemporary tourism landscape, the ‘Gastronomy Tourism’ is one of most instrumental aspects of experiential tourism, which provides the destinations with a prospect of utilizing the local food culture as its competitive advantage. This study aims to examine the impact of gastronomy tourism on destination competitiveness in Bangladesh, by focusing on the perspectives of the policy, practices and priorities of indigenous culinary systems of Bangladesh. In doing so, this study adopts a qualitative research design by utilizing 30 semi-structured interviews with the tourists and the stakeholders, while analyzing the data by using thematic data analysis method. The findings of this research underscore that Bangladesh has not fully utilized the potential because of lack of institutional coordination, policy integration, and infrastructural limitations, despite its Bangladesh rich and diverse culinary heritage, which is of strong appeal to experience-oriented tourists. Instantaneously, indigenous culinary systems of Bangladesh demonstrated a high potential to improve the destination image, tourist satisfaction and community-based economic opportunities. The study implies to establish the gastronomy tourism a sustainable destination tourism option of Bangladesh by fostering strategic alignment of culinary systems with the tourism governance pathways.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19669215

Green Certification & The 7 Greens Strategy In Thai Hospitality

Authors: Aphisavadh Sirivadhanawaravachara

Abstract: This research seeks to examine the applicability and implication of the 7 Greens strategy in the tourism and hospitality sector of Thailand, with special reference to the Green Hotel Plus certification scheme in Phuket. The 7 Greens strategy, which comprises green management, workplace, accountancy, community, education, technology, and marketing, was established to promote and enhance environmental management and sustainable tourism practices. The strategy, which is spearheaded by the Tourism Authority of Thailand, seeks to promote a balance between environmental accountability and economic competitiveness. This research also seeks to examine the applicability of green certification as a strategy to enhance sustainability management and differentiation in the tourism and hospitality sector of Thailand, with special reference to the Green Hotel Plus certification scheme in Phuket. The research also seeks to examine the benefits and drawbacks of the certification scheme and how it impacts the operations of tourism and hospitality establishments in Thailand. The research will also seek to examine some of the issues affecting the implementation of the 7 Greens strategy in the tourism and hospitality sector of Thailand. From the research, it is evident that the 7 Greens strategy and the Green Hotel Plus certification scheme have the potential to enhance the operations of tourism and hospitality establishments in Thailand and contribute to differentiation in the sector. The research also seeks to contribute to the larger discourse on sustainable tourism by examining the applicability of the 7 Greens strategy in the tourism and hospitality sector of Thailand.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19678586

Viksit Bharat Under Transport Electric Mobility

Authors: Arya Helchel, Vruddhi Mehta, Megha Bassi, Bidisha Mukherjee

Abstract: Deep, coordinated reforms in the areas of energy, industry, cities, 6 and government are required by India's Viksit Bharat 2047 aim. According to this analysis, if policy, funding, and infrastructure all work together, electric mobility can be a potent, all-encompassing tool that creates new industrial jobs, cleaner air, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and increased energy security. Based on government plans (NEMMP; FAME I & II; PM-E-Bus Sewa; PLI for Advanced Chemistry Cells), major institutional reports (IEA; NITI Aayog; CEEW; WRI; TERI; World Bank), lifecycle and grid studies, and evidence at the state level, the paper summarizes findings on emissions savings, total cost of ownership, depot and charging needs, battery supply-chain risks, and institutional capacity gaps. Research indicates that electrifying high-use vehicles, such as buses and three-wheelers, results in the greatest reductions in emissions and improvements in air quality per rupee spent; those electrifying depots and coordinating with DISCOMs is necessary for dependable bus operations; and that increasing domestic battery capacity is essential to reducing reliance on imports and generating green manufacturing jobs. High upfront costs for fleets and STUs, metro-concentrated charger networks, geopolitical dangers surrounding vital minerals, and inadequate coordination between ministries and utilities are still major challenges. The analysis concluded that if electric mobility isViksit Bharat, it needs be integrated into a long-term, 2047-aligned roadmap that integrates battery circularity, innovative finance, renewable energy growth, and STU capacity building.

A Study On Consumer Perception Towards Consultancy Services

Authors: Mahima Kumari, Dr. Kalpana Rawat

Abstract: This study aims to examine the ways consumers perceive consultancy services and determine the key factors that influence their decision making process. In the rapidly changing and competitive business environment of today, consultancy services are now considered to be key components of individual and organisational decision making, assisting with expert advice within many different subject areas e.g., Education, Finance and Business Management. The primary aim of the study is to provide an understanding of consumer perceptions and to determine how factors such as Service Quality, Trust, Price and Communication impact upon customer satisfaction. The study employs a descriptive and analytical research methodology through the use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data has been collected through the utilisation of the descriptive research design which included the structured administration of a questionnaire to a sample of 100 individuals inclusive of students, professionals and business personnel. The findings of the study suggest that consumer perceptions of consultancy services are predominantly positive, with most respondents believing that the utilisation of consultancy services increases the accuracy of their decision making processes. The constructed perception of consultancy services is seen to be influenced through the most significant learning constructs of Service Quality and Trust, respectively, with Pricing and Communication also being identified as relevant, but to a lesser extent. It is also noted that younger individuals and professionals make up a significant portion of those who use consultancy services with this supporting the concept that there is an increasing level of reliance upon expert advice throughout the world. The study also identifies a number of challenges faced by consumers when attempting to make decisions, including but not limited to:

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19693251

Emotional Exhaustion, Placement Anxiety, and Academic Burnout: A Sentiment-Based Study of Mba Students

Authors: Jyothsna S

Abstract: This study empirically examines the simultaneous influence of emotional exhaustion and placement anxiety on academic burnout among MBA students in India — a relationship that remains underexplored in the management education literature. A structured questionnaire comprising 18 Likert- scale items grounded in the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory-Student Version was administered to 84 students (Semester II and IV) at CMS Business School, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, during the active placement season of February 2026. Data were analysed using Cronbach's alpha reliability assessment, Pearson correlation, and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression. A VADER (Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner) lexicon-based sentiment analysis was applied to open-ended student responses to provide qualitative corroboration of the quantitative findings. Findings reveal that emotional exhaustion (β = 0.771, p < 0.001) and placement anxiety (β = 0.311, p < 0.001) are both significant positive predictors of academic burnout, together explaining 94.9% of its variance (R² = 0.949, F = 759.7, p < 0.001). All three constructs are very strongly intercorrelated (r > 0.90). Students actively participating in placement activities without a confirmed offer exhibited the highest burnout scores across all constructs, while those who had received at least one offer showed markedly lower scores — a pattern consistent with Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory. Sentiment analysis corroborated the quantitative results: negative qualitative sentiment correlated significantly with higher burnout across all measures (r ≈ −0.68, p < 0.001). The study contributes theoretically by establishing placement anxiety as a distinct burnout predictor and by validating sentiment analysis as a methodological complement to psychometric scales in educational burnout research.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19694004

The Dark Side Of AI: Deepfakes And The Rise Of Fake News

Authors: Dr T Vembu, Srinivash M, Adithya Sajosh

Abstract: As more and more fake news articles and videos go viral in today’s time, making it difficult to know what to trust, an increasing number of experts have brought deepfakes onto the agenda. If you’re not in the know, a “deepfake” is a fake based on deep learning, which uses techniques to create or change a video whose outcome is as near to reality as possible. Thanks to powerful software, deepfakes are making it increasingly difficult to tell whether the audio or the video is real or fake. Earlier, to get past the facial recognition security at a government office, two men just covered their faces with a piece of cloth. With the emergence of deepfakes, though, our images can be used for this without our knowledge. The new handcraft digital print studio can develop special pieces of handloom art by Important Digits, Jewellery and Handbags. The studio was officially opened by MD Archroma India Limited, Ms Archana Sanghi. According to you, the social media being bombarded with videos of actors and models grooving to inappropriate songs are deepfakes. We can consider what she says should be true as she is a reputed star. In reality they’re just being.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19695235

A Study On The Impact Of The New Tax Regime And Old Tax Regime On Salaried Individuals

Authors: Punam Ekanath Visapute, Dr.Tejaswinee Ingle, Parag Vijay Dusane, Dr.Shekhar Chavan

Abstract: This paper investigates how India's dual Income Tax Regimes-the traditional system with exemptions and the simplified alternative introduced in 2020-affect individual taxpayers' choices, behaviors, and financial outcomes. Drawing on a primary survey of over one hundred respondents from varied demographic and occupational backgrounds, the study explores awareness of each regime, factors driving preference, perceived changes in tax burden, and the role of professional advice. The analysis reveals that regime selection is shaped by a combination of income level, investment habits, and ease of compliance, rather than by slab rates alone. While many taxpayers appreciate the simplicity of the new structure, those with significant deductions continue to value the old system's flexibility. Respondents' uncertainty underscores gaps in financial literacy and the need for clearer guidance. Based on these insights, the paper recommends enhanced comparison tools, targeted educational campaigns, and stronger advisory support to help taxpayers make informed decisions and strengthen voluntary compliance under the dual-regime framework.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19695566

Digital Transformation And Its Impact On Entrepreneurial Development In Emerging Economies

Authors: Dr A. Niyaz Ahmed

Abstract: Digital transformation has proved to be an efficient driver of entrepreneurship in emerging markets; however, the dynamics between the two phenomena have not been thoroughly investigated yet. To bridge this gap, we systematize the results of literature reviews and empirical research conducted in various emerging economies to understand how digital transformation influences entrepreneurial ecosystems, firm capabilities, and economic performance. Specifically, digital transformation helps overcome informational gaps, creates favorable conditions for market entry, and allows firms to adopt innovation in their business models. Notably, mobile banking technology alone stimulates entrepreneurial activity among 8-13% of families in some developing countries. Nevertheless, the dynamic nature of the process is evident in the fact that although 5.4 million new users of digital services have been connected in West Africa, only 7% of MSMEs in India consider implementing artificial intelligence solutions. Based on our analysis, digital infrastructure, institutional structures, and knowledge application capabilities act as critical moderating factors in terms of turning digital transformation into entrepreneurship.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19698377

Optimizing Retail Store Layout Through Customer Movement Pattern Clustering: A Data-Driven Approach to Space Planning and Shopper Flow Efficiency

Authors: Associate Professor Ms. Amita Gupta, Anish Hegde

Abstract: The modern retail industry faces mounting pressure to optimise every square foot of physical store space in an era of intensifying e-commerce competition. This research paper investigates the relationship between customer movement pattern clustering and shopper flow efficiency (SFE) in retail store environments, employing a data-driven, secondary-data synthesis approach. Drawing on 47 peer- reviewed studies, industry analytics reports, and open-access retail datasets, a consolidated dataset of 200 store-level observations was constructed, spanning grocery, fashion, electronics, and mixed/hypermarket retail formats across five geographic regions. The study operationalises three independent variable dimensions: (a) customer movement patterns — foot traffic paths, dwell time, and heatmap density indices; (b) store layout design — aisle integration, product placement, and planogram compliance; and (c) shopper behaviour clustering — cluster count, silhouette score, and within-cluster dwell-time variance. The dependent variable, shopper flow efficiency, is measured as a composite index capturing congestion frequency, navigation smoothness, and conversion rate proxies. Reliability analysis confirmed strong internal consistency across all constructs (Cronbach's α = 0.871–0.966). Regression analysis revealed that the full model explains 71.4% of SFE variance (R² = 0.714; F(9,190) = 22.67, p < 0.001), with cluster silhouette score emerging as the dominant predictor (β= 0.512, p < 0.001). Independent samples t-tests demonstrated a 19.5-point SFE differential between high- and low-quality clustering stores. ANOVA confirmed no significant geographic variation (p = 0.396), indicating broad cross-regional generalisability. The null hypothesis is definitively rejected, confirming that analytical rigour in clustering methodology — not merely the presence of sensing infrastructure — is the primary determinant of layout optimisation success.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19700930

A Study On Mental Health Awareness At Work: Hr’s Role In Building Supportive Cultures

Authors: Ankitha S A, Dr. Shivangi Gera

Abstract: Mental well-being plays a crucial role in influencing both employee health and organizational productivity in the IT industry. This study, “Mental Health Awareness at Work: HR's Role in Creating Supportive Cultures,” examines how HR practices promote mental health awareness and build supportive work environments. The study uses a quantitative research approach, collecting primary data through questionnaires from IT employees. It focuses on work stressors, HR interventions, organizational support, and employee outcomes such as well-being, engagement, and job satisfaction. Statistical analyses, including descriptive analysis, reliability testing, and regression, reveal that factors like heavy workload, long working hours, and technostress negatively impactmental health. However, HR initiatives such as counseling, wellness programs, flexible work options, and managerial support significantly improve employee well-being. The study highlights the importance of reducing mental health stigma and fostering open communication. It concludes that HR plays a strategic role in creating supportive cultures, enhancing employee well-being, engagement, and overall organizational productivity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19704111

The Efficiency Of E-Recruitment Process In Today’s Era

Authors: Sonal Yadav, Pankaj lalwani hoga

Abstract: BRecruitment is a procedure to find out the sources of work force to meet the necessity of staffing agenda and to employ productive estimate for attracting that manpower in sufficient numbers to facilitate systematic selection of competent worker. In mid-nineties, due to the progress of internet mechanization, numerous have notarized modification of the conventional recruitment method to online recruitment (Joyce, 2002). Many organizations have restorted to adopt advanced recruitment designs and integrating various recruitment method (Tong and Sivanand, 2005). Now, E-recruitment is the latest trend in making recruitment more attractive and is used by numerous large and small-scale organization. The effective utilisation of e-recruitment will exactly guide to an extreme change in traditional recruitment collectively (Parry et al., 2008). Keywords: Recruitment, E-recruitment, Conventional /traditional recruitment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19704453

Digital Marketing Compliance Under Indian Digital Laws

Authors: Ms. Vani Jain

Abstract: The rapid expansion of digital technologies and online platforms has transformed the marketing landscape, enabling organizations to reach consumers through targeted and data-driven digital strategies. However, the increased use of digital marketing tools has also raised concerns related to consumer privacy, data protection, misleading advertisements, and ethical marketing practices. In response to these challenges, governments and regulatory authorities have introduced various legal frameworks to regulate digital marketing activities and ensure responsible use of consumer data. The present study examines the concept of digital marketing compliance within the context of Indian digital laws and regulatory guidelines.The study is descriptive and analytical in nature and is based entirely on secondary data collected from academic journals, books, industry reports, and official government sources. The findings of the study indicate that while digital marketing compliance plays a crucial role in protecting consumer interests and enhancing transparency in marketing communication, many organizations still face challenges related to regulatory awareness, data privacy management, and the complexity of digital laws.The study concludes that strengthening compliance practices, improving regulatory awareness, and adopting ethical marketing strategies are essential for ensuring responsible digital marketing in the evolving digital economy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19704632

A Study On Customer Satisfication Towards Adidas Products With Special Refrence To Coimbatore City

Authors: Ms. Akshaya Sudarshana R., Monishaa M

Abstract: Adidas is a leading global sportswear brand, Adidas has established a strong market presence in India, particularly in urban regions like Coimbatore, where consumer preferences and brand loyalty are rapidly evolving. This study employs a structured questionnaire to gather primary data from a sample of respondents in Coimbatore. The collected data is analysed using statistical tools to understand customer perceptions and expectations. The findings reveal key factors influencing customer satisfaction, including product durability, comfort, brand image, and after-sales service. The study also highlights areas where Adidas can enhance its offerings to improve customer loyalty and competitiveness in the market. The insights derived from this research will be valuable for both marketers and brand managers aiming to strengthen Adidas’s market position in Coimbatore and similar emerging urban markets. The study provides useful insights for Adidas in understanding customer needs and expectations in Coimbatore. It emphasizes the importance of continuous product innovation and effective customer engagement. The results can help the brand refine its marketing strategies to better connect with its target audience. This research also contributes to the broader understanding of consumer behaviour in the sportswear segment. Overall, it serves as a valuable resource for future studies and business decisions.

Impact Of Social Media On Culture And Lifestyle

Authors: Dhruv Agarwal, Dr. Himanshu Rastogi

Abstract: The digital revolution has significantly changed the banking sector, making services faster, more convenient, and easily accessible through digital platforms. In India, digital banking has grown rapidly, especially after demonetization and the COVID-19 pandemic. It allows customers to perform various banking activities such as money transfers, bill payments, and checking account details anytime and anywhere without visiting a bank branch. This study aims to examine customer satisfaction with digital banking services by focusing on important factors like ease of use, security, speed of service, technical issues, and availability of features. The research is based on primary data collected from around 100 respondents through structured questionnaires. Statistical tools such as correlation, regression, and descriptive analysis were used to understand the relationship between these factors and customer satisfaction. The findings show that digital banking has a strong positive impact on customers, especially due to its ease of use and quick service. However, technical problems and system errors can reduce user satisfaction. Overall, customers appreciate the convenience of digital banking, but improvements are needed in system reliability, user interface, and customer support. The study suggests that banks should focus on improving digital platforms, reducing technical issues, and increasing awareness and digital literacy among users to enhance overall customer satisfaction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19708524

“A Study On Advertisement Strategies On Customer Buying Behaviour For Nestlé Kitkat”

Authors: Ananya Verma, Dr. Ravikant Jaiswal

Abstract: Advertising plays a crucial role in shaping consumer buying behavior in the FMCG sector, where brand loyalty is strongly influenced by emotional appeal, product image, brand recall, and promotional strategies. Nestlé KitKat, one of the world’s most iconic chocolate brands, is widely known for its catchy tagline “Have a Break, Have a KitKat” and engaging advertisement strategies. This study explores the impact of advertisement strategies—such as television commercials, digital marketing, celebrity endorsements, social media campaigns, packaging appeal, and promotional offers—on customer buying behavior towards Nestlé KitKat. The study uses primary and secondary data to identify how advertisements influence consumer perception, brand recall, purchase frequency, emotional attachment, and impulse buying. Results indicate that emotional advertising, attractive packaging, and social media campaigns significantly influence young consumers, while brand trust and product quality influence older buyers. The paper concludes that Nestlé’s integrated ad strategies have enhanced KitKat’s strong market presence and customer loyalty. Suggestions for improving future advertisements are also provided.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19708643

A Study On the Importance of Training and Development in Employee Growth

Authors: Sakshi Dattatraya Veer, Prof. Dipali Navale

Abstract: Training and development have emerged as crucial elements in enhancing employee performance and organizational effectiveness in today’s competitive business environment. This study aims to examine the importance of training and development in employee growth. It focuses on how structured training programs and continuous development initiatives influence employees’ skills, knowledge, productivity, and overall job performance. With rapid technological advancements and changing work requirements, employees must continuously upgrade their competencies to remain relevant and efficient. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected through structured questionnaires from employees, while secondary data is gathered from research papers, journals, and organizational reports. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to understand the relationship between training practices and employee growth. The findings indicate that effective training and development programs significantly improve employee performance, increase job satisfaction, and enhance motivation. Employees who undergo regular training are better equipped to handle job responsibilities, adapt to organizational changes, and achieve career advancement. The study also highlights that lack of proper training can lead to reduced efficiency, low morale, and higher employee turnover. Overall, training and development are essential investments for organizations as they contribute not only to individual employee growth but also to overall organizational success and competitiveness.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19709487

Building Future-Ready Managers A Study on Holistic Skill Integration Soft, Technical, and Business Skills in MBA Programs

Authors: Swapna Roy

Abstract: Rapid changes in organizational environments, driven by technology and globalization, require managers to demonstrate a blend of interpersonal, digital, and analytical capabilities. Traditional MBA programs, however, are often criticized for emphasizing theoretical knowledge over practical and employability-focused skills. This study examines the integration of soft skills, technical skills, and business skills in MBA programs to evaluate how holistic skill development contributes to producing future-ready managers the study examines the holistic integration of soft skills, technical competencies, and business skills within MBA curricula to foster future-ready managers. Drawing on secondary literature and contemporary educational models, the study highlights the need for experiential learning, industry collaboration, and competency-based training. Findings indicate generally positive perceptions across domains with opportunities for increased practical exposure and stronger industry linkage. Recommendations focus on curriculum redesign, experiential learning, and mentorship programs. MBA graduates enter the workforce with strong theoretical knowledge but limited practical skills and professional readiness. This study examines the role of holistic skill integration in MBA programs to build future-ready managers. The research explores how soft skill development, technical training, and business skill enhancement collectively contribute to managerial effectiveness, employability, and leadership preparedness The dynamic nature of modern business environments requires managers to possess a balanced combination of soft skills, technical competencies, and business acumen. However, many MBA graduates enter the workforce with strong theoretical knowledge but limited practical skills and professional readiness. This study examines the role of holistic skill integration in MBA programs to build future-ready managers. The research explores how soft skill development, technical training, and business skill enhancement collectively contribute to managerial effectiveness, employability, and leadership preparedness. Using a descriptive research approach with data collected from MBA students, faculty, and industry professionals, the study evaluates existing skill development practices and identifies gaps and improvement strategies. The findings highlight the need for experiential learning methods, industry collaboration, and competency-based curriculum models to produce graduates who can adapt, lead, and excel in dynamic work environments. The modern business landscape is undergoing continuous change driven by globalization, digitalization, and innovation, Artificial Intelligent (AI) As a result, organizations increasingly expect MBA graduates to possess not only theoretical knowledge but also practical competencies that enhance managerial readiness. This research examines the integration of soft skills, technical skills, and business skills in MBA programs to understand how holistic skill development contributes to building future-ready managers. The findings highlight the importance of curriculum enhancement, experiential learning, and industry-academia collaboration for strengthening professional competency and employability among MBA students.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19726638

Artificial Intelligence And Its Influence On Cross-Border E-Commerce Growth

Authors: Md Sharik Ansari, Kalpana Rawat

Abstract: The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has fundamentally reshaped global commerce, with cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) emerging as a domain of exceptional transformation. This study employs a convergent mixed-methods design—integrating a structured questionnaire administered to 150 e-commerce professionals with 15 semi-structured managerial interviews—to provide an empirically grounded assessment of AI's multidimensional influence on CBEC performance. Multiple regression analysis (R² = 0.612; F = 44.23; p < 0.001) identifies AI adoption intensity as the single strongest predictor of cross-border performance, surpassing even company size (β = 0.487 vs. β = 0.213). Application-level findings reveal that automated translation/localization delivers the highest conversion rate improvement (64.3%), while customs automation yields the most substantial logistics cost reduction (31.4%). Despite these gains, high implementation costs (67.3%), talent deficits (62.0%), and data-privacy regulatory complexity (58.7%) constitute the principal barriers inhibiting broader diffusion—particularly among SMEs. Theoretically, the study extends the Resource-Based View and Technology Acceptance Model to the cross-border digital-trade context, and it offers a strategic AI adoption framework for practitioners and actionable recommendations for policymakers. The findings collectively affirm that AI is not merely an incremental operational enhancer but a foundational competitive capability reshaping the structure of international digital trade.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19729820

Digital Payments And Consumer Behaviour In Urban India: Adoption Drivers, Spending Effects, And Policy Implications

Authors: Yash Gupta, Dr. Shikha Gupta

Abstract: The proliferation of smartphone-based payment platforms has reshaped consumer financial behaviour across emerging markets. This study investigates the impact of digital payment systems—specifically Unified Payments Interface (UPI), mobile wallets, debit/credit cards, and internet banking—on consumer behaviour in urban and semi-urban India. Employing a descriptive-analytical design with structured questionnaire data from 120 respondents, the study evaluates six a priori hypotheses concerning the relationships among ease of use, perceived security, convenience, demographic factors, and spending behaviour. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and correlation analysis were applied. Results confirm that UPI dominates the digital payments landscape (50%), that daily usage is reported by 55% of respondents, and that 50% of participants experienced increased spending post-adoption, with 55% acknowledging impulse-buying tendencies. All six null hypotheses were rejected at α = 0.05, supporting the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Pain-of-Paying framework as explanatory lenses. Security and trust remain the most significant adoption barriers, particularly among older and lower-income demographic cohorts. The paper contributes an integrated behavioural model linking digital payment adoption antecedents to downstream spending outcomes, and proposes targeted recommendations for fintech firms, financial institutions, and policymakers seeking to deepen financial inclusion through responsible digitisation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19730149

Impact of Social Media Marketing On Consumer Buying Behaviour: Empirical Evidence From Urban Indian Consumers

Authors: Shruti Gupta, Dr. Prince Kumar

Abstract: Social media marketing (SMM) has emerged as a transformative force reshaping consumer decision-making across global markets. This study investigates the impact of social media marketing on consumer buying behaviour with particular focus on the Indian B2C context, encompassing the fashion, technology, and beauty sectors. Adopting a descriptive and causal research design with a mixed-methods approach, primary data were gathered through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 420 valid respondents using stratified random sampling across major Indian urban centres. Secondary data were sourced from academic journals, industry whitepapers (McKinsey, Gartner, Statista), and recent empirical studies (2021–2026). Statistical analyses included Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and chi-square testing. Findings reveal that social media marketing exerts a significant positive influence on consumer purchase intention, with influencer marketing—particularly micro-influencers—and user-generated content (UGC) identified as the most persuasive drivers. The study confirms that engagement metrics (likes, shares, comments) positively correlate with brand loyalty (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), and that targeted algorithmic advertising significantly predicts impulse purchase behaviour. Trust in SMM content remains a moderating factor, particularly among older demographic segments. The study contributes an updated Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework integrating AI-driven personalisation and social commerce dynamics, offering actionable insights for digital marketers navigating the post-algorithmic consumer landscape.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19730556

A Study On Sustainable Business Practices Of Indian IT- Sector

Authors: Dr. Mangala Nayak Yaragatti, Dr. Anil Yaragatti

Abstract: Sustainable Business Practices are integral part of modern business strategies,enhancing brand reputation , ensuring regulatory compliance, and improving operational efficiency. India’s top 1000 listed companies by market capitalisation are now in their third year of mandatory ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) disclosures under SEBI’s (Securities and Exchange Board of India) BRSR (Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting) framework. For the Rest—listed and unlisted—ESG still appears distant, complex, or not immediately relevant, especially when compared to more familiar compliance areas like Corporate Social Responsibility. This study focuses on analyzing the impact of Corporate social accounting activity of companies within the IT sectors. CSR is the company’s sense of responsibility towards the community and the environment (both ecological and social) in which it operates. The organisation can fulfil this responsibility through various ways such as waste and pollution reduction processes, by contributing educational and social programs, by being environmental friendly.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19730719

Artificial Intelligence In Credit Risk Assessment And Loan Approval Processes

Authors: Madhu Kumari, Dr. Kalpana Rawat

Abstract: The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into credit risk assessment represents one of the most consequential transformations in contemporary financial services. This paper provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary review of AI applications in credit scoring and loan approval—spanning machine learning algorithms, deep learning architectures, and Natural Language Processing techniques—while systematically examining the governance, ethical, and regulatory dimensions that determine whether such systems serve the public interest. Drawing on a synthesis of over 40 peer-reviewed sources and six international case studies spanning Upstart, Ant Financial, JPMorgan Chase, ZestFinance, HDFC Bank, and Kabbage, the study documents consistent AUC-ROC performance improvements of 5–15 percentage points for AI models over traditional logistic regression baselines. The research finds that ensemble methods—particularly XGBoost and LightGBM—dominate operational deployments due to their superior accuracy-interpretability balance, while deep learning architectures offer advantages in large-scale, temporally rich environments. The paper critically examines algorithmic bias, data privacy risks, the black-box interpretability challenge, and the evolving global regulatory landscape, proposing a Responsible AI Framework built on four pillars: Performance, Fairness, Transparency, and Accountability. The study offers targeted recommendations for financial institutions and regulators, with particular attention to the Indian market context including the Account Aggregator framework and UPI transaction data as transformative inputs for credit inclusion.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19732320

Role of Social Media Marketing in Brand Awareness: Empirical Evidence from Indian Consumers

Authors: Suraj Kumar, Dr. Priyadarshini Singh

Abstract: Social media has fundamentally reshaped the marketing landscape by enabling organizations to communicate directly with consumers at scale. This study examines the role of social media marketing (SMM) in creating and strengthening brand awareness among Indian consumers. Employing a descriptive-analytical design, primary data were collected via a structured questionnaire from 100 respondents representing diverse demographic profiles, while secondary data were sourced from peer-reviewed journals, industry reports, and government publications (2013–2026). Statistical analysis included frequency distributions, percentage analysis, cross-tabulation, and Likert-scale interpretation. Findings reveal that SMM significantly enhances brand visibility, recall, and consumer engagement. Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube emerged as the most impactful platforms. Influencer marketing was found to be a particularly effective trust-building mechanism, especially among younger cohorts. Content quality, posting consistency, and interactive features were identified as critical drivers of engagement. Moderate trust in online advertising and information overload were noted as persistent challenges. The study contributes theoretical and managerial insights, supporting the integration of SMM as a core strategic tool for brand building in a competitive digital marketplace.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19732561

A Study of Housing Loan Financing and Its Impact on Home owners in Central Pune

Authors: Pasalkar Shivaunsh Pramod, Dr. Tejaswinee Ingle

Abstract: Housing loan financing has become an essential mechanism for promoting home ownership in urban areas, particularly in rapidly developing cities like Pune. Rising property prices and limited personal savings have increased the dependence of individuals on housing finance institutions to fulfill their home ownership aspirations. The present study examined housing loan financing and its impact on home owners in Central Pune, with a focus on understanding loan accessibility, affordability, repayment patterns, and their influence on the financial well-being of borrowers. The primary objective of the study was to analyze the role of housing loan financing in facilitating home ownership and to assess its impact on the financial stability and lifestyle of home owners. The study adopted a descriptive research design and was based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 home owners in Central Pune who had availed housing loans, while secondary data was gathered from bank reports, housing finance company publications, journals, and online sources. Simple statistical tools were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that housing loans significantly improved the purchasing capacity of individuals and enabled timely acquisition of residential property. However, factors such as interest rate fluctuations and long repayment tenure affected monthly financial planning. The study concluded that housing loan financing has a positive impact on home ownership, and the findings may be useful for financial institutions, policymakers, and prospective home buyers in designing and selecting suitable housing finance options

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19754447

A Study of Employee Job Satisfaction and its Impact on Organizational Productivity and Retention in the IT Industry in Pune Region

Authors: Komal Arjun Patil, Prof. Dipali Navle, Prof. Asif Naikawadi

Abstract: Employee job satisfaction is considered one of the most critical factors in Human Resource Management. It plays a major role in determining how employees perform and how long they stay in an organization. In the IT industry, where work pressure and competition are very high, job satisfaction becomes even more important.This study focuses on understanding employee job satisfaction and its relationship with organizational productivity and retention. The IT sector in Pune region is growing rapidly, making it an important area for research in HR practices. The study is based on primary data collected from 100 respondents working in different IT companies. A structured questionnaire was used to gather responses regarding satisfaction levels and related factors.The findings show that employee satisfaction is influenced by multiple factors such as compensation, work environment, HR policies, and career growth opportunities. These factors collectively impact employee behavior and performance.It is also observed that satisfied employees are more productive and committed towards their organization. They show higher efficiency and better work quality compared to dissatisfied employees. The study concludes that improving job satisfaction is essential for increasing productivity and reducing employee turnover in the IT industry.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19755504

A Study On Employee Motivation And Its Impact On Performance

Authors: Sumayya Isak Pathan

Abstract: Employee motivation is a critical factor that influences individual and organizational performance. This study examines the relationship between employee motivation and performance using primary data collected from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The findings indicate that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors contribute significantly to improving employee performance. Elements such as financial incentives, recognition, and opportunities for career advancement were identified as key drivers of motivation. The study concludes that effective motivational practices can enhance productivity and overall organizational efficiency.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19755904

Effectiveness Of Omnichannel Strategies In Enhancing Consumer Engagement

Authors: Neha Srivastava, Dr. Mukul Shrivastava

Abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of omnichannel strategies in enhancing consumer engagement in the modern digital business environment. With the rapid growth of digital technologies and multiple communication platforms, consumers now interact with brands through various channels, expecting a seamless and personalized experience. The research is based on primary data collected from 100 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that integrated channels, personalization, and technology play a crucial role in improving customer experience, satisfaction, and loyalty. It is also observed that effective implementation of omnichannel strategies leads to higher consumer engagement and better business performance. The study concludes that businesses must adopt customer-centric and technology-driven approaches to remain competitive and build long-term relationships with customers.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19756770

From Engagement to Attachment: Rethinking Employee Commitment in Gig–Hybrid Work Systems

Authors: Mrs. Priti Puri

Abstract: Contemporary organizations increasingly rely on non-traditional employment arrangements such as project-based assignments, contractual roles, and hybrid work models. While employee engagement has long been treated as a key indicator of organizational effectiveness, its relevance appears constrained in gig–hybrid contexts. Individuals working under such arrangements often demonstrate strong task involvement without developing a lasting psychological connection with the organization. This paper contends that employee engagement alone is insufficient to explain commitment in flexible employment structures and proposes employee attachment as a more comprehensive construct. Employee attachment reflects emotional bonding, organizational identification, and perceived psychological ownership that extend beyond task performance. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected from gig–hybrid employees in the IT, education, and service sectors. The findings reveal that engagement is largely transactional in nature, whereas attachment exhibits a stronger relationship with retention intentions and sustained loyalty. The study advances HR literature by emphasizing employee attachment as a critical driver of long-term commitment in evolving work arrangements and provides actionable insights for strengthening workforce stability.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19758836

A Study On The Impact Of Training And Development On Employee Performance

Authors: Arati Kisan Thorbole, Prof. Dipali Navale

Abstract: The present study examines the impact of training and development on employee performance across selected organizations in Pune region. In today’s competitive environment, organizations focus on employee development to enhance productivity and efficiency. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs and their contribution to employee performance. A descriptive research design was used, and primary data was collected from 100 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using percentage method and graphical tools. The findings indicate that training and development programs have a significant positive impact on employee performance, improving skills, knowledge, confidence, and productivity. However, certain challenges such as lack of practical training and limited engagement were identified. The study concludes that organizations should focus on continuous and effective training programs to achieve better performance outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19810980

Effectiveness Of Omnichannel Strategies In Enhancing Customer Perception

Authors: Uzma Firoz, Dr. Vidya Dayinee Sharan

Abstract: Purpose. This study investigates the effectiveness of omnichannel strategies in shaping customer perception within India's rapidly evolving digital retail landscape. While omnichannel commerce has attracted global scholarly interest, evidence from emerging market contexts—characterized by heterogeneous digital literacy, infrastructure constraints, and transitional consumer behavior—remains sparse. Design/Methodology. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected from 100 respondents using a structured 40-item Likert-scale questionnaire. Cronbach's Alpha, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and one-way ANOVA were applied to test four hypotheses linking channel integration, personalization, communication consistency, and technology usage to customer perception outcomes. Findings. All four alternative hypotheses are supported. Channel integration (r = 0.65), personalization (r = 0.70), and technology accessibility (r = 0.60) exhibit significant positive correlations with customer perception. ANOVA reveals statistically significant differences across age cohorts (F < 0.05), with younger digital-native consumers responding more positively to omnichannel touchpoints. Reliability was confirmed with an overall Cronbach's Alpha of 0.80. Originality. This paper contributes a context-specific empirical model for emerging markets, integrating Service-Dominant Logic, Customer Engagement Theory, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) within a single explanatory framework. It advances actionable guidance for practitioners navigating digital-physical retail convergence.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19811360

Green Human Resource Practices And Sustainable Manufacturing Performance

Authors: Ranjan Prasad, Dr. Neha Nagar

Abstract: This study examines the relationship between Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) practices and sustainable manufacturing performance within the Indian manufacturing sector. Drawing on the Resource-Based View, Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory, Stakeholder theory, and Institutional theory, the study develops and tests a conceptual model linking five dimensions of Green HRM—green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management, green compensation and rewards, and employee participation—with sustainability outcomes measured across resource efficiency, waste reduction, energy conservation, and environmental compliance. Data were collected from 100 respondents across manufacturing organizations in India using a structured questionnaire. Percentage analysis, frequency distribution, and relational analysis were employed. Results confirm that all four alternative hypotheses are supported: Green HR practices exert a significant positive effect on sustainable manufacturing performance. Employee participation emerges as the most influential practice (satisfaction: 75%), and management support as the most critical contextual enabler. Awareness levels are high (80%) but adoption remains incomplete (70%), indicating an implementation gap. The study contributes empirical evidence on Green HRM in a developing-country manufacturing context and offers actionable recommendations for practitioners and policymakers.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19811998

Employee Engagement And Organizational Performance

Authors: Abdullahi Abdulkadir, Dr. Subhash Kumar Verma

Abstract: Employee engagement has emerged as a central construct in organizational behaviour research, yet empirical evidence linking its dimensions—vigor, dedication, and absorption—to concrete performance outcomes in the Indian retail context remains limited. This study addresses that gap through a quantitative, correlational design applied to a sample of 200 full-time employees at a mid-sized retail chain in Noida, India. Data were collected via the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) supplemented by an adapted organizational performance perception scale and an engagement-drivers inventory. Structural analyses employing Pearson correlation, multiple regression, one-way ANOVA, and Cronbach's alpha reliability tests were executed in SPSS 26. Results reveal a strong positive association between overall engagement and perceived organizational performance (r = 0.72, p < 0.01; R² = 0.58). Dedication emerged as the most potent predictor (β = 0.45, p < .001), surpassing vigor (β = 0.29) and absorption (β = 0.16). Recognition (M = 4.21) and career growth (M = 4.15) ranked as the leading engagement drivers. One-way ANOVA confirmed statistically significant inter-departmental variation (F = 4.56, p = 0.003), with IT and HR recording the highest engagement. Engaged employees demonstrated a 34% lower turnover intention. These findings carry substantive implications for retail HR strategy: targeted investment in purpose-driven work design and visible recognition programmes yields measurable dividends in productivity, retention, and customer satisfaction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19812417

A Study Of Procurement To Pay Process At Cement Industry.

Authors: Bhavana Sandip Dherange, Dr. Shekhar Chavan

Abstract: P2P, or procurement to pay, is a crucial business process that combines Purchasing, handling suppliers, processing invoices, and making payments within a company. The procurement-to-payment procedure at Cement Industry is the main subject of this study. One of the biggest producers of cement in India is Cement. Understanding is the goal. How the business effectively handles procurement while controlling expenses, prompt payment, supplier compliance, and transparency. The Cement Industries has implemented RFQ and supplier portals, among other digital procurement systems, SAP-integrated procurement modules and reverse auctions. These systems are beneficial. Simplify sourcing, reduce paperwork, improve vendor communication, and Boost the effectiveness of operations. The workflow from purchase is examined in the study. Payment to the vendor is requested, major issues are noted, and best practices are emphasized. The business adheres to specific procedures. The findings show that an automated Stronger suppliers and improved inventory control are encouraged by a sustainable P2P process. Connections and improved financial management. The Procurement to Pay (P2P) process plays a vital role in ensuring effective procurement management, financial control, and operational efficiency in large manufacturing organizations. This study focuses on the analysis of the Procurement to Pay process at Cement Industry, India’s largest cement manufacturer. The P2P process integrates procurement activities with accounts payable functions, covering the complete cycle from identifying material or service requirements to final vendor payment. The objective of this study is to understand the structure, functioning, and effectiveness of the P2P process adopted by Cement Industry. The research examines key stages such as purchase requisition, vendor selection, purchase order management, goods receipt, invoice verification, and payment processing. Emphasis is also placed on the role of digital systems and internal controls in improving transparency, cost optimization, compliance, and vendor relationship management. The study is based on secondary data collected from company publications, academic literature, and industry reports related to procurement and supply chain management. The findings indicate that Cement Industry follows a well-structured and standardized P2P framework supported by digital tools, which helps minimize errors, reduce procurement cycle time, and ensure regulatory compliance. The study concludes that an efficient Procurement to Pay process contributes significantly to organizational performance by enhancing cost control, operational efficiency, and supplier satisfaction. The insights gained from the research may be useful for manufacturing firms seeking to strengthen their procurement systems and for academic understanding of P2P practices in large-scale industrial organizations.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19812800

Study Of Working Capital Management And Its Impact On Liquidity

Authors: Apeksha Hule, Dr.Sachin Wadekar

Abstract: Working Capital Management plays a crucial role in determining the financial health and operational efficiency of an organization. This study focuses on analyzing the impact of working capital management on the liquidity position of firms. It examines key components such as cash, inventory, receivables, and payables, and how their effective management influences short-term financial stability.The research aims to evaluate the relationship between working capital practices and liquidity by using financial ratios like current ratio, quick ratio, and cash conversion cycle. Proper management of working capital ensures that a firm maintains adequate liquidity to meet its obligations while also improving profitability.The study concludes that efficient working capital management significantly enhances liquidity and overall financial performance. Poor management, on the other hand, can lead to cash shortages, increased costs, and financial distress. Thus, maintaining an optimal level of working capital is essential for the smooth functioning and growth of any business.

DOI:

A Study Of Financial Performance Analysis Using Ratio Analysis

Authors: Saloni Sushilkumar Kale, Dr. Sachin Wadekar

Abstract: This study focuses on understanding the financial performance of a company using ratio analysis as an important tool. Financial performance analysis helps in evaluating how well a company is managing its resources, generating profits, and maintaining financial stability. Ratio analysis simplifies complex financial data and helps in making better financial decisions. The main aim of this research is to analyze the financial position of a company through different types of ratios such as liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, solvency ratios, and activity ratios. The study also examines how these ratios help in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the company and support decision-making for management, investors, and creditors. The data for this research is collected from secondary sources such as annual reports and financial statements of the company for a period of 3–5 years. Various ratios are calculated and analyzed to understand the company’s performance over time. The results show that ratio analysis provides clear insights into financial health, efficiency, and risk level of the company. The study concludes that ratio analysis is a useful and reliable method for evaluating financial performance. It helps in comparing past performance, improving financial planning, and making informed business decisions. However, it should be used along with other tools for better accuracy and understanding.

DOI:

A Study of Medical Waste Management in Hosipital Greater Noida

Authors: Taihba Aslam Qureshi, Dr. Vidya Sharan Daynee

Abstract: Biomedical waste management has emerged as a critical component of healthcare administration due to its direct implications on public health, occupational safety, and environmental sustainability. Hospitals, while serving as centers for diagnosis and treatment, generate a significant amount of hazardous and non-hazardous waste. This includes infectious materials, sharps, pharmaceutical waste, and chemical substances, which, if not properly managed, can lead to severe health risks such as the transmission of infectious diseases and environmental degradation. The study titled “A Study of Medical Waste Management at Fortis Hospital, Greater Noida” is designed to analyse and assess the biomedical waste management practices followed in a large private hospital setting. It examines how effectively waste is segregated, collected, transported, treated, and disposed of, while also evaluating the awareness and participation of healthcare staff in these processes. This research holds particular importance in the Indian healthcare sector, where the rapid expansion of medical facilities has led to a significant rise in biomedical waste generation. As a result, strict compliance with regulatory guidelines, such as the Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016, has become essential. The research adopts a descriptive research design, combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Primary data has been collected through structured questionnaires and informal discussions with hospital staff, including nurses, sanitation workers, and administrative personnel. Secondary data has been gathered from government reports, regulatory guidelines, and scholarly literature to provide theoretical support and contextual understanding.2 The sampling method used is convenience sampling, and the study is based on responses collected from a selected group of healthcare workers. The findings of the study indicate that Fortis Hospital, Greater Noida, has implemented a structured biomedical waste management system, including the use of color-coded bins, standardized segregation practices, and approved disposal methods such as incineration and autoclaving. A majority of the staff demonstrates a reasonable level of awareness regarding waste management practices. However, the study also identifies certain gaps, including inconsistent segregation practices, incomplete training among staff, and partial compliance with regulatory guidelines. These issues highlight the existence of a gap between policy and practical implementation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19827209

A Study Of Succession Planning And Leadership Development In Organization

Authors: Vaishnavi Manoj Karande, Dr. Sachin Wadekar

Abstract: Succession planning and leadership development have emerged as critical strategic priorities for organizations seeking long-term sustainability and competitive advantage. In an increasingly dynamic and uncertain business environment, the ability to identify, develop, and retain high-potential talent is essential for ensuring leadership continuity and organizational resilience. This paper examines the relationship between structured succession planning practices and effective leadership development initiatives within organizations. It explores key frameworks, models, and best practices that enable the systematic grooming of future leaders, including talent identification, competency mapping, mentoring, and training programs. The study also analyzes the challenges organizations face in implementing succession strategies, such as lack of alignment with business goals, insufficient leadership pipelines, and resistance to change. Through a review of existing literature and case-based insights, the paper highlights how integrated approaches to succession planning and leadership development can enhance employee engagement, reduce turnover, and strengthen organizational performance. The findings suggest that organizations that proactively invest in leadership development and embed succession planning into their strategic processes are better positioned to navigate transitions and maintain operational stability. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for building robust leadership pipelines and fostering a culture of continuous learning and development. This paper studies how organizations identify and develop employees for leadership roles. It explains methods such as training, mentoring, and performance evaluation that support leadership growth. The study also discusses challenges faced by organizations, including lack of planning and bias in selecting leaders. The findings show that organizations with effective succession planning systems perform better and face fewer disruptions during leadership changes. The paper suggests that organizations should focus on continuous development and strategic planning to build strong future leaders.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19841631

A Study Of Performance Appraisal Systems And Employee Satisfaction

Authors: Miss. Bhagyashri Gawai, Dr. Sachin Wadekar

Abstract: This study titled “A Study of Performance Appraisal Systems and Employee Satisfaction” aims to examine the relationship between performance appraisal practices and the level of employee satisfaction within an organization. In today’s competitive business environment, organizations rely heavily on effective performance management systems to enhance employee productivity and achieve organizational goals. Performance appraisal is a systematic process through which an employee’s job performance is evaluated based on predefined criteria. It not only helps in measuring employee efficiency but also plays a significant role in identifying strengths, weaknesses, training needs, and career development opportunities. The study focuses on understanding employees’ perceptions of the appraisal system, the fairness and accuracy of evaluations, and the impact of feedback on their performance and satisfaction levels. Data is collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed to identify key factors influencing employee satisfaction. The findings of the study highlight that an effective, unbiased, and well-communicated performance appraisal system significantly contributes to higher employee satisfaction, engagement, and retention.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19841965

A Study Of Employee Engagement And Its Influnence On Organizational Productivity.

Authors: Miss Kirti Ghadage, Dr. Sachin Wadekar

Abstract: In the current competitive and rapidly evolving business environment, organizations increasingly recognize the importance of human capital in achieving sustainable growth and competitive advantage. Employee engagement has emerged as a crucial factor that directly influences organizational productivity, efficiency, and overall performance. This study aims to analyze the level of employee engagement and examine its impact on organizational productivity within a selected organization. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach using both primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected through structured questionnaires distributed among employees across different departments and hierarchical levels, while secondary data is gathered from journals, books, and prior research studies. The study considers various factors affecting engagement such as leadership support, work environment, recognition, motivation, training, and work-life balance. The findings reveal that there is a significant positive relationship between employee engagement and organizational productivity. Engaged employees demonstrate higher levels of commitment, efficiency, and job satisfaction, which leads to improved organizational outcomes. The study concludes with practical suggestions to enhance employee engagement and thereby improve productivity and long-term organizational success.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19842309

A Review On Medicinal Plants As Antibacterial Agents

Authors: Sanjana Patel, Dr. Mukul Kumar Shrivastava

Abstract: Medicinal herbs are a significant corner post of traditional therapies utilized in the majority of the world for generations and are the richest natural resources for disease treatment in the possession. But the swift emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria threatens synthetic antibiotics. Medicinal plants possess high potential and variety of bioactive compounds having an exceptional and significant antibacterial activity. Saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids and essential oils that are effective in inhibiting the multiplication of bacteria and treating diseases caused by drug-resistant strains of pathogens. This review seeks to the antibacterial activity of several medicinal plants and how they may be applied to treat bacterial diseases. Some of the plants includes Psilotum nudum, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy), Phyllanthus niruri (Stonebreaker), Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola), and Plumbago zeylanica (Chitrak) that have significant antimicrobial activities. For instance, Withania somnifera has withanolides which are well-documented to be strong antibacterial agents, and Plumbago zeylanica is effective due to plumbagin, a quinonoid alkaloid with powerful bactericidal activity. The rising antibiotic resistance prevalence has increased the quest to find new antimicrobial drugs. Plants-based antibacterial compounds offer a potential alternative in that they employ a range of mechanisms to inhibit bacterial growth, reducing the likelihood of resistance occurrence. Notable examples include allicin from Allium sativum (garlic), which inhibits gram-positive and negative bacteria, and curcumin from Curcuma longa (turmeric), that prevents Staphylococcus aureus from growing and Salmonella. Origanum vulgare (oregano) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme) essential oils have significant antibacterial properties against respiratory and foodborne infections, respectively. Although these properties seem very promising, the significance of these findings cannot be seen in practice without resolving several challenges. The phytochemical composition of medicinal plants varies based on geography and environmental factors and hence leads to inconsistency in results. The lack of standard extraction technique and very few conducted clinical trials also restrict the use of the herb-based antibacterial agent. The next step in the development of such herbal medicines is the standardization of extraction and characterization methods of phytochemicals and thorough preclinical and clinical studies to establish their safety profiles and mechanisms of action. Isolation of active compounds by means of metabolomics and bioassay-guided fractionation would also further assist in establishing specific antibacterial mechanisms. This review provides the overall information about different medicinal plants and their antibacterial activity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19842630

To Study The Impact Of Remote Work And Hybrid Work Models On Employee Work Life Balance At Post Pandemic Across Pune Region.

Authors: Bathe Divya Vishwanath, Prof. Asif Naikwadi

Abstract: The COVID-19 epidemic accelerated the adoption of remote and hybrid work paradigms by upending traditional work structures. This study looks at how these work arrangements affect the work-life balance of employees in the Pune area. Data is gathered from workers in the business, IT, and services industries using a descriptive study design. The study investigates the effects of remote and hybrid work on flexibility, productivity, stress levels, and personal well-being. Results show that while working remotely increases flexibility and lessens the stress of commuting, hybrid models provide a balanced approach by fusing social engagement with flexibility. The study comes to the conclusion that, in the post-pandemic era, hybrid work is more viable for preserving work-life balance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19842745

Inside The Consumer Brain: The Hidden Drivers Of Buying

Authors: Aman Singh, Nitish Kumar

Abstract: In recent years, the intersection of neuroscience and marketing — termed neuromarketing — has emerged as a transformative field that provides profound insights into consumer behavior beyond traditional market research methods. Unlike conventional techniques that rely heavily on self-reported data such as surveys and interviews, neuromarketing utilizes advanced neuroscientific tools like Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Eye Tracking, and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) to directly measure consumers’ subconscious emotional and cognitive reactions to marketing stimuli. This approach allows researchers and marketers to decode how consumers perceive brands, advertisements, and product designs on a neurological level. The present research explores how neuromarketing influences consumer decision-making, brand perception, and purchase intention. It examines the psychological underpinnings of consumer preferences by analyzing how emotions, memory, and attention affect buying behavior. Furthermore, the study delves into real-world applications of neuromarketing — including advertising optimization, pricing strategies, packaging design, and sensory branding — to demonstrate how businesses leverage brain-based insights to enhance marketing effectiveness and customer engagement. Through a review of existing literature, case studies, and empirical findings, the paper also evaluates the ethical implications of neuromarketing, such as concerns over consumer privacy, manipulation, and informed consent. The research concludes that while neuromarketing offers immense potential for understanding the hidden drivers of consumer behavior, it must be practiced within ethical boundaries to ensure transparency and consumer welfare. Overall, this paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge that seeks to bridge the gap between neuroscience and marketing, ultimately offering a more scientific and accurate understanding of how and why consumers make purchasing decisions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19849362

Effects of Free Education on Management of Public Schoolsin the Selected Public Day Secondary Schools in Mbala District of Northern Province of Zambia

Authors: Gandhi Nyimbwa Sichilima

Abstract: The project aims at establishing the impact of the provision of free public secondary education on management of schools. A case study of three selected public day secondary schools in Mbala district. The objectives of the project will be used in order to establish the condition of the teaching and learning under the sphere of the free-education policy in Mbala district; to find out the impact of the extent of conditions of the teaching and learning in the existing educational systems in Mbala district; to establish the specific duties of school managers in improving teaching and learning outcomes; to recommend potential measures to improve the school management and administration; Descriptive survey design namely cross-sectional will be applied for even data flow and distribution. Moreover, the qualitative and quantitative techniques will engaged so as to attain the desirable findings; the data will be collected by recipient interviews, questionnaires and reliable tools; The target population will be 120 drawn from the selected public day secondary schools of Mbala district. The sample recipient population will be 50 consisting of 15 pupils from the selected public secondary schools, 5 education standards officers, 1 district education board secretary, 12 class teachers, 3 school managers 3 guidance teachers, a senior officer from civil society and 10 parents picked by sampling techniques. Data collected from questionnaires will be analyzed using the statistical package for Social Sciences, while data collected from interviews will be analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The significance of the study will help the stakeholders in understanding the limitations of insufficient management services that requires their input. Policy makers would single out plans and re-create the policy guidelines on the provision to solve the congestion, supplement the existing knowledge in the field and pinpoint the loopholes that requires further research by embracing measures that underscore quality standards in the selected public day secondary schools in Mbala district namely: Kawama, Kaka and Zombe respectively.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19861815

The Attitudes of People Towards Entrepreneurship Knowledge in the Selected Public Markets in Kasama District of Northern Province of Zambia

Authors: Ng’oma Evans Kangwa

Abstract: The cardinal purpose of carrying out this research project an enguiry into the attitudes of people towards entrepreneurship knowledge: a case study of selected public markets in Kasama district of Northern Province of Zambia The research will be carefully guided by specific objectives in avoidance of irrelevance and deviance. In this research three types of questionnaires will be precisely employed: One type designed for traders, another for directors and the other one for general dealers. Moreover, it will be a descriptive research study. The research study will also use qualitative and quantitative techniques; the findings will be analyzed using reliable instruments and procedures so as to attain the desirable results. The data will be collected from the recipients using interviews and questionnaires templates. The target recipient population will be 120 and the working sample will be 50 as representation consisting of: 15 learners picked by sampling technique from the three selected public markets, 15 general dealers, 3 firm administrators, 5 officials from Business community and 10 parents of the traders at the selected and targeted public markets in Kasama district. The data will be tabulated and presented as percentages and averages for a comprehensive data distribution. Furthermore, recommendations will be made so that the government may implement the findings with a view of providing the necessary resources by subsidizing the cost of entrepreneurship education especially to vulnerable learners hence equal opportunities and proactive attitude towards entrepreneurship knowledge to all children in Zambian entrepreneurial ventures in far and near locations.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19861854

The Importance of the Business Plan in the Education Sector in Rural Areas: A Case of Chilubi District

Authors: Chalwe Pardon

Abstract: Chilubi District, located in Northern Province, Zambia, faces persistent challenges in education access, quality, and sustainability. Many rural schools and private education initiatives fail due to poor planning, resource mismanagement, and lack of financial forecasting. This study examines the role of business plans in strengthening the education sector in Chilubi District. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected from 12 schools, 3 NGOs, and District Education Board officials. Findings show that institutions with formal business plans recorded 40% better resource utilization, higher enrollment retention, and improved donor confidence. The study concludes that business plans are not only for profit-making enterprises but are critical tools for educational sustainability, accountability, and growth in rural settings. This paper advocates for mandatory business plan training for head teachers and education entrepreneurs in Chilubi and similar rural districts.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19862407

To Examine the Importance of School Management in Ensuring Sustainable Financial Resource Management in Six Selected Secondary Schools of Kasama District, in Northern Province of Zambia

Authors: Evans Chanda

Abstract: This study examined the importance of school management in ensuring sustainable financial resource management in six selected secondary schools of Kasama District in Northern Province of Zambia. Effective financial management is critical for the smooth operation of schools and the provision of quality education. The study employed a descriptive research design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected from 36 respondents, including head teachers, bursars, teachers, and school board members, through questionnaires and interviews. Findings revealed that school management plays a crucial role in financial sustainability through budgeting, monitoring, accountability, and efficient allocation of resources. However, several challenges such as inadequate funding, lack of financial management skills, weak accountability systems, and poor planning were identified. The study recommends capacity building, improved financial policies, and the introduction of income-generating activities to enhance financial sustainability in schools.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19862816

Behavioural Finance Perspectives On Esg Investment Decision-Making

Authors:

Abstract: This study examines the behavioural finance dimensions of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investment decision-making among individual investors. Drawing on a structured survey of 106 respondents analysed using multiple regression, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis in R 4.2.0, the research investigates how cognitive biases, emotional influences, risk perceptions, and personal value systems shape ESG portfolio allocation decisions. Key findings reveal that value alignment (β = 0.452, p < 0.001) and emotional influence (β = 0.325, p < 0.001) are the strongest behavioural predictors of ESG commitment, jointly explaining 58.47% of variance in portfolio allocation. Risk perception significantly moderates ESG adoption (χ² = 42.376, p = 0.0003), with novice investors perceiving substantially higher risk than experienced peers. Personal values and ethical motivations emerge as the most consistent drivers: investors with strong value alignment are 3.48 times more likely to hold high ESG allocations (OR = 3.48, p < 0.001). These findings challenge purely rational models of investor behaviour and provide actionable insights for asset managers, financial advisors, and policymakers seeking to expand sustainable finance participation.

DOI:

Digital Payment Systems And Their Influence On Consumer Buying Behaviour In Retail Market

Authors: Mrs.Vidya Rani, Ms.Binny Rani

Abstract: For decades, the physical exchange of currency served as a psychological deterrent, forcing consumers to confront the immediate reality of their expenditures. However, the rapid proliferation of digital payment ecosystems—ranging from biometric mobile wallets to "Buy Now, Pay Later" (BNPL) services—has fundamentally restructured the retail experience. This paper investigates how the mitigation of the "pain of paying" has transitioned the retail landscape into africtionless environment that encourages higher spending. Our findings indicate that by decoupling the gratification of a purchase from the immediate emotional impact of financial loss, digital interfaces act as a powerful "nudge" toward increased consumption. Specifically, mobile wallet users exhibit higher spending patterns than those utilizing traditional methods, as biometric "one-tap" checkouts bypass the cognitive reflection window inherent in cash transactions. Furthermore, the rise of BNPL services has distorted consumer value perception, facilitating "basket expansion" by fragmenting costs into psychologically insignificant installments (Klarna Insights, 2023). Ultimately, this study concludes that while digital payments provide unparalleled efficiency and convenience, they also facilitate a "spending blind spot." As the retail sector continues to digitize, there is a critical need for enhanced financial literacy and new forms of consumer consciousness to navigate a marketplace engineered for invisible, impulsive transactions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19866014

A Study Analysis of Financial Performance of Nestle Company in India and Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG)

Authors: Assistant Professor Dr.T.M.Hemalatha, Mr. Abhishek G

Abstract: Nestle India Limited is one of the most prominent Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies operating in India, with a diversified product portfolio spanning food, beverages, dairy, and nutrition segments. This study analyses the financial performance of Nestle India over a period of five years, evaluating key financial indicators such as revenue growth, profitability, liquidity, solvency, and return on equity. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach using secondary data drawn from annual reports, financial statements, and industry databases. Findings indicate that Nestle India has demonstrated consistent revenue growth and strong profitability, driven by premiumization strategies, rural market expansion, and digital transformation of its distribution network. The study also highlights the competitive dynamics of the Indian FMCG sector, where price sensitivity, raw material inflation, and evolving consumer preferences pose ongoing challenges. The paper concludes that Nestle India's financial resilience and brand strength position it well for sustained growth in the expanding Indian FMCG market, though strategic investments in innovation and supply chain efficiency remain critical for long-term value creation.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19866264

A Study on the Impact of Digital Marketing on Small Retailers with Special Reference to Coimbatore District

Authors: Assistant Professor Ms. Swathi .M, Mr. Boobalan.S

Abstract: This study examines the impact of digital marketing on small retailers operating in a rapidly evolving business environment. Using a descriptive research design with a structured questionnaire administered to 100 small retail business owners, the research investigates how digital marketing tools including social media advertising, WhatsApp Business, Instagram marketing, and email marketing influence customer acquisition, sales performance, brand awareness, customer engagement, and competitive positioning. The findings reveal that 88% of respondents are aware of digital marketing, with Instagram emerging as the most familiar platform (50%) and social media advertisements as the most widely used tool (57%). A significant majority (61%) reported increased sales following digital marketing adoption, and 44% assessed the overall business impact as very positive. Chi-square analysis confirms statistically significant impacts on both sales performance (χ² = 80.96, p < 0.05) and problem experience (χ² = 33.36, p < 0.05). Competition was identified as the primary challenge (57%), while 75% of respondents found digital marketing cost-effective compared to traditional methods. The study concludes that strategic digital marketing adoption is essential for small retailers seeking sustainable growth and enhanced competitiveness in the digital age.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19866802

A Study On The Impact Of Working Capital Management On The Profitabililty Of Selected Indian Companies

Authors: Shruti Sadanand Patil, Dr. Vinod Sayankar

Abstract: Working capital management, measured through components such as cash conversion cycle (CCC),accounts receivable, inventory holding period and accounts payable, plays a critical role in determining a company’s liquidity and profitability. The primary objectives of earlier studies are to analyze the relationship between WCM components and profitability, examine industry differences, and identify effective working capital practices. Most studies show that shorter CCCs and effective accounts receivable and inventory management have a positive impact on profitability measures suchas return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). However, issues such as small sample size, short study period, limited coverage, and methodological constraints reduce the reliability and generalizability of the results. The main research gaps are the lack of comprehensive cross-industry research on Indian companies and the limited use of advanced panel data techniques. To fill this gap, this study uses a quantitative research method using panel data analysis. Secondary data is collected from reliable annual reports and financial databases. The study concludes that effective working capital management significantly enhances profitability, though its impact varies across industries and firm size.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19877097

A Comparative Study On SIP & Lumpsum Risk Return Dynamics For Salaried Person In Pune

Authors: Harshada Ganesh Hadap, Dr.Vinod Sayankar

Abstract: In India's rapidly evolving financial landscape, salaried employees increasingly face the challenge of balancing risk, return and liquidity to achieve long-term wealth creation. The study, titled 'Comparative Study of Risk-Return Dynamics of SIP and Lump-sum Investment among Salary Employees in Pune', examines the performance of two major mutual fund investment strategies – Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) and Lump-sum Investment among salaried employees in Pune with an annual income of Rs 5 million to Rs 15 million. The study adopts an exploratory-descriptive mixed method approach and integrates both primary data (responses to a survey of 100 salary professionals aged 28-35 in the IT and finance sectors) and secondary data (NSE, RBI and AMFI reports from 2016 to 2026). Key financial metrics such as CAGR, XIRR, Sharpe ratio, and standard deviation are used to measure after-tax and inflation-adjusted profits. Hypothesis testing using t-tests, correlation and regression analyzes evaluates the impact of SIP strategies on risk reduction and welfare stability compared to point estimation approaches. Preliminary results show that SIPs offer smoother risk-adjusted returns and high resilience to market volatility through rupee cost averaging, making them suitable for salaried investors with regular cash flows. Conversely, lump-sum investing outperforms SIPs in sustained bull markets, but comes with higher timing and volatility risks. This study provides localized insights into Pune's young workforce, including revealing how behavioral biases, inflation, and taxation affect portfolio performance, and offers practical implications for financial advisors, mutual fund companies, and policy makers designing investment strategies tailored to urban salaried workers. Preliminary insights suggest that while lump sum investments may offer superior returns in a sustained bull market, SIPs offer a more stable risk-return profile by leveraging rupee cost averaging and fostering financial discipline for risk-averse salaried individuals. The study aims to provide localized, data-driven clarity to help young professionals in Pune optimize their portfolios towards long-term goals such as retirement and education.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19877415

A Study on Consumer Behaviour and Perception towards Ibaco in Coimbatore City

Authors: Assistant Professor Ms. Abinaya J, Hari Prasath

Abstract: This study examines consumer behaviour and perception towards IBACO, Hindustan Unilever's premium ice cream brand, among residents of Coimbatore city. As the frozen dessert market in India continues to witness rapid growth driven by rising disposable incomes, changing lifestyle preferences, and expanding urban middle-class demographics, understanding consumer attitudes towards branded ice cream parlours has become increasingly significant for marketers and retailers alike. The research explores key dimensions influencing consumer decision-making, including product quality, pricing, brand image, store ambiance, service quality, and variety of offerings. Primary data was collected from a structured sample of consumers across various age groups, income levels, and occupational categories within Coimbatore city using a well-designed questionnaire. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, chi-square tests, and weighted average methods were employed to interpret the findings meaningfully. The study reveals that taste, hygiene, and brand reputation are the most critical factors shaping consumer perception towards IBACO. Younger consumers and working professionals constitute the dominant customer segment, with high frequency of visits during evenings and weekends. The findings further indicate a strong positive correlation between store experience and repeat purchase intention. The study concludes with actionable recommendations to strengthen IBACO's market positioning, enhance customer satisfaction, and improve competitive advantage in the Coimbatore frozen dessert market.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19878136

A Study on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Documentation with Special Reference to Coimbatore City

Authors: Assistant Professor Dr. G. Arutgeeviha, Ms. Indhira

Abstract: This study examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools on documentation processes, with special reference to Coimbatore city. In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, organizations generate and manage enormous volumes of data daily, making efficient documentation systems increasingly critical. Traditional manual documentation methods are prone to errors, delays, and inefficiencies, creating an urgent need for intelligent automation. AI-powered technologies such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Machine Learning (ML) have emerged as powerful solutions to automate, organize, and enhance documentation workflows. This study investigates the awareness, usage patterns, perceived benefits, and challenges associated with AI tools in documentation among employees, business professionals, and students in Coimbatore city. Based on primary data collected from 100 respondents through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, the study finds that while AI tools are gradually being adopted, awareness remains moderate and adoption is not yet fully mainstream. Key benefits identified include cost reduction, improved accuracy, and enhanced productivity. Major challenges include technical issues and data security concerns. The study concludes that organizations must invest in awareness programs, training, and robust data security frameworks to realize the full potential of AI-driven documentation systems.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19879253

A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Digital Payment Applications in Coimbatore City

Authors: Assistant Professor Ms.V.Vineetha, Ms.R. Janani

Abstract: This study examines customer satisfaction towards digital payment applications in Coimbatore city. The rapid growth of smartphone penetration and internet connectivity has accelerated the adoption of digital payment platforms such as Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm, BHIM, and PayZapp. Digital payment systems have become an integral part of daily life, especially after demonetization and government-driven initiatives like Digital India and UPI. This study investigates awareness, usage frequency, satisfaction levels, perceived benefits, and challenges associated with digital payment applications among 100 respondents in Coimbatore city. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using percentage analysis and Garrett ranking technique. The study finds that a majority of users, particularly in the 18–25 age group, are satisfied with digital payment apps and frequently use Google Pay for transactions. Key benefits identified include time savings, convenience, and ease of use. Major challenges include network issues and data security concerns. The study recommends improving app infrastructure, strengthening security frameworks, and educating users to enhance overall satisfaction.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19879991

A Study on Buying Behaviour of Women towards Super Market’s in Coimbatore

Authors: Assistant Professor Ms. R. Nandhini, Mr. S. Sujithkumar

Abstract: This study investigates the buying behavior of women shoppers in supermarkets in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, a city experiencing rapid growth in organized retail. Women, as primary household shoppers, significantly influence purchasing decisions in supermarkets, yet there is limited research on their preferences and decision-making processes in this context. Additionally, factors like product quality, price, and brand, along with promotional strategies such as advertisements and discounts, heavily influence their buying decisions. The findings highlight the importance of targeting young, working, and self-employed women shoppers by offering high-quality products, competitive pricing, and appealing promotional offers. Retailers in Coimbatore are encouraged to tailor their strategies to meet the evolving needs of women shoppers to enhance customer satisfaction and increase sales in a competitive market. This study provides valuable insights for retailers aiming to optimize their offerings and improve the overall shopping experience for women in supermarkets. Key words: buying behaviour , supermarket, product, qualities and etc…

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19880405

Gst Vs Old Tax System Comparative Study

Authors: Professor Nitin Agrawal, Chetan Singh Tomar

Abstract: Goods and Service tax is universally known as GST which is consumption tax currently used in on the supply of goods and service. It is comprehensive tax because it has subsumed almost all the indirect tax except a few state taxes. Before this tax model there are two types of tax in India which is levied by the government in different way. Old tax system of India is lengthy and complex, to file tax individual has suffered some paper work which is typical for common man. This paper compared current GST Framework and old taxation system and describes its impact on Indian economy in brief. However researcher observed also earlier studies. More than 160 countries have implemented GST so far. However, the idea of GST in India was mooted by Vajpayee government in 2000 and after having much discussion with different party it was passed on Aug 4, 2016 by the Rajyasabha. Finally India had implemented GSTfrom 1 July, 2017. Goods and Service Tax, a significant breakthrough and the next logical step towards a comprehensive Indirect tax reform in India. This paper gives an overview of GST and further discusses how the mechanism reduces the tax burden and other cascading effects. Brief description is given on the history of tax, GST background, introduction, salient features and illustration of reducing tax burden. GST is the new story of VAT to be implemented in India decision on which is pending. It aims at creating a single and unified market benefiting both corporate and economy because this is the only Indirect tax that directly effects all sectors of economy, it enables widespread setoff for Input Tax Credit(ITC) and subsuming of many indirect taxes having a dual concept model operating at centre(CGST) and state(SGST) to maintain commonality. Therefore this paper focuses on the overview and reducing tax burden through GST. With an aim of simplifying tax structure in India, GST proposes to remove the geographical obstacles for trading, and transforming the entire nation to ‘One Common Market Place.’ While it is believed that the ‘One Nation- One Tax’ regime is paving path towards a better economy of our country, questions related to how is this reform going to be any better than the earlier tax transformations India has seen over the past years (VAT-Service Tax-Excise), is a matter of concern. How is the new tax structure going to effect the consumer and the impact it will have on various sectors? We de-code this myth by listing down key differences between GST and the previous tax structure.

A Study On The Role Of Bank Loans In Driving MSME Growth In Pune City

Authors: Anil Surendra Yadav, Dr. Tejaswinee Ingle

Abstract: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in driving economic growth, employment generation, and industrial development in India, particularly in rapidly growing urban centres like Pune. Access to timely and adequate bank finance is a critical factor influencing the growth and sustainability of MSMEs. This study examines the role of bank loans in driving MSME growth in Pune city, focusing on credit accessibility, utilization, and its impact on business expansion. The study is based on secondary data from reports of financial institutions and research studies, along with insights into lending trends in the MSME sector. Recent evidence suggests that MSMEs have emerged as a major driver of bank credit growth, with credit to the sector growing faster than retail and other segments due to supportive government schemes and improved lending frameworks Bank loans enable MSMEs to meet working capital requirements, invest in technology, expand operations, and enhance productivity. However, despite increased credit flow, MSMEs continue to face challenges such as stringent documentation, collateral requirements, and risk perception by banks, especially in urban areas like Pune. Studies also indicate that loan characteristics and borrower profiles significantly influence credit outcomes and default risks. The findings highlight that bank loans act as a catalyst for MSME growth by facilitating financial inclusion and business expansion, but there is a need for more flexible lending policies, simplified procedures, and improved credit delivery mechanisms. Strengthening the banking-MSME relationship can further accelerate economic development in Pune city. MSMEs, Bank Loans, Credit Growth, Financial Inclusion, Pune, Economic Development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19882066

A Study Of Financial And Non-Financial Aspects Of House Loans Affecting Home Purchase Decisions In Pune

Authors: Mukesh Surendra Yadav, Abhijeet Bharati

Abstract: Housing is a fundamental human necessity and a key determinant of an individual’s economic stability and social status. In rapidly developing urban centers like Pune, the demand for residential properties has increased significantly due to factors such as population growth, urbanization, industrial expansion, and the rise of the information technology sector. However, escalating property prices have made home ownership increasingly difficult for many individuals, particularly middle-income groups. In this context, housing finance, especially in the form of bank-provided home loans, has emerged as a critical facilitator enabling individuals to fulfill their aspiration of owning a home. This study examines the role of housing loans in influencing home buying decisions in Pune city. It explores various factors that affect borrowers’ preferences, including interest rates, loan tenure, repayment capacity, processing procedures, and financial awareness. The research is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaires distributed among prospective and existing home loan borrowers in Pune. Secondary data has also been utilized from journals, reports, and banking publications to provide a comprehensive understanding of the housing finance sector. The findings of the study indicate that interest rates and EMI affordability are the most significant factors influencing loan selection among borrowers. Flexible repayment options and longer loan tenures are also preferred, as they reduce the financial burden on individuals. Additionally, the study reveals that awareness about loan schemes, government subsidies, and tax benefits plays an important role in decision-making. However, complexities in documentation and processing delays remain key challenges faced by borrowers. The study further highlights that housing loans not only support individual home ownership but also contribute to economic development by boosting the real estate sector, generating employment, and encouraging investment. Banks and financial institutions play a vital role in this process by designing customer-friendly loan products and maintaining competitive interest rates. In conclusion, housing finance has become an indispensable tool in addressing the growing housing demand in urban areas like Pune. While it has significantly improved access to home ownership, there is a need for simplifying loan procedures, enhancing financial literacy, and introducing more affordable loan schemes to cater to diverse income groups. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and researchers to improve the effectiveness of housing loan systems and promote inclusive growth in the housing sector.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19882905

The Role Of Modern Technology In Enhancing School Administration And Management: A Study Of Selected Public Schools In Nsama District, Zambia

Authors: Kapoma James K, Dr. Patricia Eunice Lupupa

Abstract: Purpose: This study examined the role of modern technology in enhancing school administration in selected public primary schools in Nsama District, Zambia. Methodology: A descriptive mixed-methods design was used. Data were collected from 40 respondents (3 headteachers, 3 deputies, 4 HODs, 30 teachers) across three purposively selected schools via questionnaires, interviews, and document reviews. Results: Mobile phones/WhatsApp (100%), computers (86.5%), and printers (81.1%) were most common. Benefits: improved record accuracy (89%), faster communication (100%), reduced paperwork (86%). Challenges: inadequate computers (81.1%), unreliable electricity (78.4%), poor internet (75.7%), limited ICT skills (70.3%), insufficient funding (67.6%), lack of technical support (64.9%). Schools used coping strategies (mobile alternatives, peer support, PTA involvement) but lacked formal ICT plans. Conclusion: Technology enhances school administration but adoption in rural schools is constrained by infrastructure deficits, funding gaps, and low digital literacy. Recommendations: Increase ICT funding, expand rural electrification/internet, establish district ICT support units, and mandate ICT professional development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19883640

A Study On Brand Loyalty Towards Lakme Products

Authors: Dr.P.Poornima, Ms.M. Durga Devi

Abstract: Brand loyalty plays an important role in the success of cosmetic brands in the competitive beauty market. This study focuses on analyzing consumer brand loyalty towards Lakme products. The main objective of the study is to understand the factors that influence customers to prefer Lakme products and continue purchasing them regularly. Factors such as product quality, price, brand image, product variety, availability, and advertising are considered in this study to understand consumer preferences and satisfaction. The study is based on primary data collected from consumers through questionnaires. Various analytical tools such as percentage analysis and Garrett’s ranking technique are used to interpret the data and identify the most important factors influencing brand loyalty. The findings of the study help to understand customer satisfaction levels and the reasons behind consumer loyalty towards Lakme products. It also provides useful insights for marketers to improve their strategies and strengthen customer relationships in the cosmetic industry.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19894056

To Study Of Work-Life Balance Policies And Employee Well-Being

Authors: Miss. Muskan Inamdar, DR. Sachin Wadekar

Abstract: This study examines the relationship between work-life balance policies and employee wellbeing in contemporary organizations. With increasing job demands, technological connectivity, and changing workforce expectations, maintaining a healthy balance between professional and personal life has become essential for both employees and employers. The primary objective of this research is to analyze how organisational policies such as flexible working hours, remote work options, paid leave, and wellness programs influence employees’ physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The study is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaires distributed among employees across various sectors. Statistical tools are used to evaluate the effectiveness of work-life balance initiatives and their impact on job satisfaction, stress levels, productivity, and overall quality of life. The findings indicate that organizations implementing supportive work-life balance policies experience higher employee engagement, reduced burnout, and improved retention rates. Furthermore, the research highlights that employees who perceive their organizations as supportive are more motivated, committed, and satisfied with their jobs. On the other hand, lack of such policies often leads to increased stress, dissatisfaction, and work-family conflict. The study emphasizes the need for organizations to adopt a holistic approach towards employee well-being by integrating flexible and inclusive work policies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19895130

A Study Of Grievance Handling Mechanisms And Employee Relations

Authors: Sohan Vasant Jagadale, Dr. Sachin Wadekar

Abstract: This study is about grievance handling mechanisms and their importance in maintaining good employee relations in an organization. A grievance means any kind of complaint, problem, or dissatisfaction that an employee faces at the workplace. These problems can be related to salary, working conditions, workload, promotion, behavior of supervisors, or company rules. If these issues are not solved on time, they can create a negative work environment and reduce employee performance. The main aim of this study is to understand how organizations handle employee grievances and how these systems affect the relationship between employees and management. Employee relations play a very important role in the success of any organization. When employees are happy and satisfied, they work more efficiently and contribute positively to organizational growth. This study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected through questionnaires and interviews with employees to understand their opinions and experiences regarding grievance handling. Secondary data is collected from books, research articles, company reports, and online sources.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19895613

Work-Life Balance And Its Effect On Employee Retention

Authors: Pradnya Yogesh Pukale, Dr.Nisha Wagh

Abstract: Work-life balance has become an important issue in today’s workplace and is directly related to employee retention and performance. Employees who are able to maintain a proper balance between their work and personal life tend to be more productive, efficient, and committed to their organizations. However, problems such as workload pressure, long working hours, and lack of flexibility are increasing rapidly among employees. Although many organizations claim to provide work-life balance, there is still a gap in proper implementation and support. This study focuses on the impact of work-life balance on employee retention and work performance. It also suggests various organizational strategies to improve employee well-being and reduce turnover.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19896073

Evolution And Concept Of International Trade

Authors: Chanchal Jain, Alpika Shrivastava

Abstract: International trade is a fundamental component of the global economic system, involving the exchange of goods, services, capital, and technology across national boundaries. This study examines the concept, evolution, and challenges of international trade, highlighting its significance in promoting economic growth, efficiency, and global integration. The evolution of international trade is traced from early barter systems and ancient trade routes to the emergence of mercantilism, classical trade theories, and the transformative impact of the Industrial Revolution. It further explores the role of globalization, technological advancements, and the rise of digital trade in shaping modern international trade practices. The study also analyzes key theoretical frameworks, including absolute advantage and comparative advantage, which explain the benefits of specialization and free trade. In addition, it addresses the major challenges faced in international trade, such as trade barriers, exchange rate fluctuations, political instability, environmental concerns, economic inequality, and supply chain disruptions. These challenges highlight the complexities and risks associated with global trade, particularly in an increasingly interconnected and uncertain world. The findings emphasize that while international trade has significantly contributed to economic development, innovation, and improved living standards, it also requires effective regulation and cooperation among nations to ensure equitable and sustainable outcomes. The study concludes that the future of international trade depends on balancing globalization with resilience, inclusivity, and environmental sustainability, making it essential for policymakers to adopt strategies that maximize benefits while minimizing adverse impacts.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19910625

Employee Job Satisfaction In The Workplace: Determinants, Outcomes And Strategic Implications For Indian Organisations

Authors: Zohra Wasi, Dr. Rashmi Manhas

Abstract: Employee job satisfaction is a multidimensional construct critically linked to organisational performance, workforce retention and sustainable competitive advantage. Drawing on a descriptive-analytical design, the present study investigates the level and determinants of job satisfaction among 100 employees drawn from diverse sectors in urban India. Structured questionnaire data were analysed using percentage analysis, correlation, chi-square testing and cross-tabulation. Five theoretical hypotheses—grounded in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the Job Characteristics Model and Equity Theory—were empirically tested. Findings confirm that compensation, work environment, leadership quality, career growth opportunities and work-life balance each exert a statistically significant positive influence on job satisfaction (r = 0.59–0.71, p < 0.01). While 70% of respondents report satisfactory or highly satisfactory job experiences, 25–35% flag concerns regarding pay equity, limited career advancement and workplace stress, indicating substantive room for HR intervention. The study confirms that elevated job satisfaction meaningfully enhances individual performance and reduces voluntary turnover. Actionable recommendations are advanced for human resource practitioners, covering compensation redesign, leadership development, flexible work arrangements and structured recognition programmes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19915898

Role Of FinTech In Promoting Sustainable Financial Inclusion: Evidence From Emerging Economies

Authors: Aman Yadav, Dr.Ravikant Jaiswal

Abstract: Financial inclusion has emerged as a critical driver of inclusive and sustainable economic growth, particularly in emerging economies where a significant proportion of the population remains unbanked or underbanked. In recent years, Financial Technology (FinTech) has transformed the traditional financial ecosystem by leveraging digital platforms, mobile technologies, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence to deliver affordable, accessible, and efficient financial services. This research paper examines the role of FinTech in promoting sustainable financial inclusion with special reference to emerging economies. Using a mixed-method approach supported by secondary data and dummy primary survey data, the study analyzes the impact of FinTech services such as mobile banking, digital payments, peer-to-peer lending, and digital microfinance on access, usage, and quality of financial services. The findings suggest that FinTech significantly enhances financial inclusion by reducing transaction costs, improving outreach to marginalized populations, and supporting sustainable development goals (SDGs). The paper concludes with policy implications and recommendations for regulators, financial institutions, and FinTech firms to ensure inclusive, secure, and sustainable growth of the financial ecosystem.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19935186

The Changing Role Of Human Resource Management In An Era Of Digital Transformation.

Authors: Rashmi Tripathi, Mr. Pankaj Lalwani

Abstract: In today's rapidly advancing digital era, technology is fundamentally transforming the role of Human Resources (HR) within organizations. What was once a frinction rooted in administrative duties, compliance management, and basic hiring processes is now evolving into a strategic powerhouse driving organintional growth and employee engagement. This transformation is powered by technologies such as artificial intelligence (Al), automation, cloud computing, and advanced analytics, These tools have not only streamlined traditional HR tasks—such as recruitment, onboarding, payroll, and performance tracking—but have also opened new pathways for data-driven decision making, personalized employee experiences, and proactive workforce planning. Al-powered recruitment systems, for example, are reducing bias and enhancing candidate matching, while predictive analytics are enabling HR professionals to anticipate attrition trends and skill gaps. As a result, HR departments arc shifting their focus from transactional functions to becoming architects of organizational culture, champions of talent development, and strategic advisors to executive leadership. This atticle explores the dynamic intersection of technology and human capital management, highlighting how digital innovation is redefining HR roles, expectations, and impact in the modem workplace. Ultimately, the future of HR lies not in resisting these changes, but in leveraging them to build more agile, inclusive, and resilient organizations.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19935646

A Comparative Study Of SBI Mutual Fund And HDFC Mutual Fund

Authors: Aarya Rahul Bhikule, Dr. Shekhar Chavan

Abstract: In India's ever-growing mutual fund industry, investors are increasingly faced with the challenge of choosing a fund company that meets their financial objectives, risk appetite and return expectations. Titled 'Comparative Study of SBI Mutual Fund and HDFC Mutual Fund', the study aims to assess and compare the performance, risk-return dynamics and investor perception of two of India's leading asset management companies. This study has a descriptive and analytical design that combines primary and secondary data sources. Primary data is collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to 100 mutual fund investors, and secondary data is collected from company reports, financial statements, and industry publications for a period of 10 years (2016-2026). Key financial metrics such as CAGR, NAV growth, Sharpe ratio, standard deviation and expense ratio are used to evaluate the fund's performance across a selection of equity and hybrid schemes. Investigate differences in performance, risk levels, and consistency between two funds using statistical tools such as correlation analysis, t-tests, and comparative ratio analysis. The study also takes into account qualitative factors such as brand trust, service quality, and investment preferences that influence investors' decisions. Preliminary results show that SBI Mutual Fund and HDFC Mutual Fund have good long-term performance, but there are differences in terms of risk management, stability of returns, and fund management strategies. While SBI Mutual Fund has experienced competitive growth with several high-performing schemes, HDFC Mutual Fund has enjoyed relatively stable returns and strong investor confidence based on its brand This research provides valuable information to retail investors, financial advisors and policy makers, highlighting key comparative advantages and helping investors make informed decisions based on performance, risk tolerance and investment objectives.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19940146

A Study of Initial Public Offering (IPO) Underpricing in the Indian Stock Market

Authors: Aishwarya Bharat Ghosade, Dr. Vinod Sayankar

Abstract: This study examines the phenomenon of IPO underpricing in the Indian stock market and its implications for investors and issuing companies. IPO underpricing occurs when shares are offered at a price lower than their listing price, resulting in initial gains for investors. Despite regulatory oversight by the Securities and Exchange Board of India, underpricing persists due to factors such as information asymmetry, investor sentiment, and market conditions. The study highlights that IPOs listed on major exchanges like the National Stock Exchange of India and the Bombay Stock Exchange exhibit varying levels of underpricing influenced by demand, subscription levels, and company fundamentals. While underpricing enhances investor participation and provides short-term returns, it may reduce the capital raised by firms. The study concludes that an optimal pricing strategy is essential to balance the interests of investors and issuers while ensuring market efficiency.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19940831

Employee Motivation And Job Satisfaction: A Study On Organizational Performance And Employee Retention

Authors: Yash Vardhan Somani, VS Eeshan, Keshav Karnani, Aryan Saraogi

Abstract: Job satisfaction and motivation of employees are key determinants of both the performance and the long term survival of the organization. This paper focuses on the correlation between motivation, job satisfaction, performance in an organization and employee retention (Robbins & Judge, 2019). This study aims at examining the effect motivational strategies have on staff levels of satisfaction and the overall effect of these variables on the productivity, profitability, and the stability levels in the workforce. The new world of business is growing competitive and knowledge based and the organizations need to keep the talent and improve the performance with the help of a proper human resource practice. The research is based on the quantitative case study based on primary data, which has been achieved through structured questionnaires given to 150 employees working in a mid-sized organization of services. Secondary data in terms of HR reports, turnover statistics and performance measures were also examined. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and descriptive statistics were used as a statistical means of evaluating variables relationships. The results demonstrate that there is a high positive relationship existing between job satisfaction and intrinsic motivation (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The extrinsic motivators like salary and job security are also relevant in retention, although intrinsic elements prove to be more long-lasting with regard to engagement and productivity (Herzberg, 1966). The regression outcomes show that there is a mediating role of job satisfaction between motivation and organizational performance (Judge et al., 2001). The increase in satisfaction levels was linked to low turnover intention and better productivity indicators. The research finds that companies need to pursue a moderated motivational system that incorporates both intrinsic and extrinsic elements in order to increase their retention and work efficiencies.

A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Portfolio Selection and Management Services In the Financial Market

Authors: Prof. Sonal Sharma, Sumit Dharmendra Hol, Yash Rajendra Jangam, Chetan Pramod Jawake

Abstract: The main objective of this research is to analyse customer satisfaction towards portfolio selection and management services in the financial market. With the increasing complexity of investment options such as equities, mutual funds, bonds, and derivatives, investors rely on professional portfolio management services for better decision-making. This study examines the factors influencing customer satisfaction, including returns, risk management, transparency, service quality, and communication.The research is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaires from 100 respondents in Pune. The findings reveal that most customers are satisfied with portfolio management services, especially in terms of professional advice and returns. However, issues like high service charges and lack of awareness still affect satisfaction levels. The study concludes that improving transparency, reducing costs, and enhancing communication can significantly improve customer satisfaction and trust in financial services.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19941468

A Study of Industrial Relations and Conflict Management Strategies

Authors: Dr. Sachin Wadekar, Shivani Shivpad Ishwarkatti

Abstract: This study focuses on understanding the concept of industrial relations and the role of conflict management strategies in organizations. Industrial relations refer to the relationship between employees and management, which plays an important role in maintaining a peaceful and productive work environment. A healthy relationship between both sides helps in building trust, cooperation, and effective communication within the organization. In today’s dynamic business environment, workplace conflicts are common due to various reasons such as workload pressure, communication gaps, salary issues, job insecurity, and differences in opinions. If these conflicts are not handled properly, they can lead to low productivity, employee dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and high turnover. Therefore, organizations adopt different conflict management strategies to resolve disputes in a fair and effective manner.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19943631

Investor Wealth Creation through IPO Listing Gains in the Indian Equity Market

Authors: Vaishnavi Dnyaneshwar Garje, Dr. Vinod Sayankar

Abstract: The Indian equity market has witnessed significant growth in recent years, with Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) emerging as a popular investment avenue among retail investors. This study examines the role of IPO listing gains in wealth creation, focusing on recent trends between 2024 and 2026. Using a mixed-method approach, the research combines primary data collected from 100 investors with secondary data from stock exchanges and financial reports. The study analyzes key determinants such as subscription levels, Grey Market Premium (GMP), market conditions, and company fundamentals. The findings reveal that IPO investments provide substantial short-term returns through listing gains; however, these gains are not consistent or predictable. Investor behavior is largely driven by short-term profit motives, with many participants selling shares on the listing day. The study concludes that while IPOs contribute to wealth creation, they are more effective as a short-term strategy rather than a sustainable long-term investment approach.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19944736

Impact of Social Media Influencers on Gen-Z Purchase Decisions

Authors: Vartika Pal, Pankaj Lalwani

Abstract: Generation Z (born ~1997–2012) relies heavily on social media for information and product discovery. This study examines how social media influencers (SMIs) affect Gen-Z purchase decisions, focusing on influencer credibility, authenticity, parasocial interaction, and content type. Using a cross-sectional survey of Gen-Z social media users and quantitative analysis (factor analysis, regression, mediation testing), the paper explores which influencer attributes most strongly drive purchase intention and actual purchase behavior. Findings are intended to guide marketers on influencer selection and campaign design.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19945455

A Study On Impact Of Investment Decisions In Stock Market Of Investors

Authors: Abhishek Deepak Bhosale, Dr. Shekhar Chavan

Abstract: In a rapidly changing Indian stock market environment, investors are increasingly faced with complex choices regarding investment opportunities, risk assessment and return expectations. This study, titled “A Study On Impact Of Investment Decisions In Stock Market Of Investors” aims to analyze the factors influencing investors' decision-making processes and evaluate how these decisions affect their investment performance. This study adopted a descriptive and analytical research design that integrated primary and secondary data sources. Primary data is collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 100 individual stock investors, and secondary data is collected from financial statements, stock market publications, and reliable online sources over a period of 10 years (2016-2026). Key variables such as risk tolerance, investment horizon, market knowledge, behavioral biases, and return expectations are considered to assess their impact on investment decisions. This study uses statistical tools such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, and percentage analysis to investigate the relationship between investor behavior and investment performance. Qualitative aspects such as investor awareness, emotional influence, and market sentiment that shape decisions are also considered. Preliminary results indicate that investment decisions are strongly influenced by factors such as risk perception, financial knowledge, and behavioral biases. While some investors achieve favorable returns through sound and strategic decisions, others experience inconsistent results due to emotional and impulsive behavior. This study provides valuable information to retail investors, financial advisors and policy makers, highlighting the importance of informed decision-making, risk management and investor education for successful sustainable investment in the stock market.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19946350

Impact Of Digital Literacy An Adoption And Usage Of Mobail Banking Application Amoung Youth In Pune City

Authors: Prof. Rahul Waghmare, Rohini Sanjay Sabale, Drushti Amol Lohat

Abstract: This study examines the impact of digital literacy on the adoption and usage of mobile banking applications among youth in Pune city. Digital literacy refers to the ability of individuals to use digital devices such as smartphones, the internet, and mobile applications effectively and safely. With the rapid growth of digital technology and online financial services, mobile banking has become an essential part of daily life, especially among young users. The main objective of this research is to understand how digital knowledge influences the awareness, adoption, and usage behavior of mobile banking applications. The study is based on primary data collected from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire using Google Forms. The respondents include students and working youth aged between 18 and 30 years in Pune city. The findings of the study reveal that most respondents have moderate to high levels of digital literacy, which positively influences their usage of mobile banking applications. Applications such as Google Pay, PhonePe, and Paytm are widely used for activities like money transfer, bill payments, and online shopping. The study also highlights that digital literacy increases user confidence and ease of use, while factors such as security concerns and fear of online fraud still act as barriers for some users.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19947309

Role Of Financial Education Platforms On Investment Knowledge Of Investors In Pune City

Authors: Prof . Rahul Waghmare, Yogesh Madhavrao Lalekar

Abstract: The rapid growth of digital financial platforms has transformed the way investors acquire knowledge and make investment decisions in India. This study examines the role of financial education platforms in improving investment knowledge among investors in Pune city, focusing on recent trends between 2024 and 2026. Using a mixed-method approach, the research combines primary data collected from 100 respondents with secondary data from financial reports, journals, and online platforms. The study analyzes key factors such as platform usage, awareness levels, learning frequency, and types of platforms used. The findings reveal that financial education platforms significantly enhance investment knowledge, improve decision-making ability, and increase awareness of financial concepts such as risk, return, and diversification. However, the effectiveness varies depending on user engagement and consistency. The study concludes that financial education platforms play a crucial role in improving financial literacy and investor behavior, though continuous learning is essential for long-term benefits.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19948104

A Study of Employee Coping Mechanisms in Politically Charged Workplaces with Reference to Organizations in Pune Region

Authors: Vaishnavi Ajay Shirke, Riddhi Rahul Yetey, Prof. Dipali Navale

Abstract: This study examines employee coping mechanisms in politically charged workplaces, with specific reference to organizations in Pune. In recent years, workplaces have increasingly reflected broader societal political divisions, leading to heightened interpersonal conflict, stress, and emotional strain among employees. The research aims to identify the coping strategies employees adopt, analyze the impact of workplace political climate on stress levels, and evaluate how these strategies influence employee well-being and job satisfaction. Grounded in organizational behaviours theories and the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, the study adopts a quantitative, descriptive-analytical research design. Primary data was collected from 100 employees across public and private sector organizations in Pune using a structured questionnaire. The study explores various coping mechanisms, including problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance strategies, and examines their effectiveness in managing workplace stress. Findings suggest that political differences are a significant source of workplace tension, with a majority of employees experiencing frequent political discussions. Adaptive coping strategies such as open communication, emotional regulation, and seeking support contribute positively to well-being and workplace relationships, whereas maladaptive strategies like avoidance and suppression may worsen stress and reduce job satisfaction. The study also highlights the influence of demographic and organizational factors on coping behavior.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19949093

“A Study on Role of Labor Laws in Shaping Wage Structure, Working Hours, and Leave Policies at Pirangut, Pune.”

Authors: Sayali Ramdas Bhise, Prof. Minakshi chawthamhal

Abstract: Labor laws play a crucial role in protecting employees and maintaining a fair, safe, and well-regulated working environment. These laws are designed to ensure that employees are treated ethically and are not subjected to exploitation in the workplace. They regulate key aspects of employment such as wage structure, working hours, leave policies, job security, and overall employee welfare. In a rapidly developing industrial environment, the proper implementation of labor laws becomes essential for maintaining a balance between employer expectations and employee rights. The present study aims to analyze the role of labor laws in shaping employee working conditions, with special reference to the industrial area of Pirangut, Pune. The study focuses on understanding how labor laws influence wage structure, regulate working hours, and define leave policies in organizations. It also examines the level of awareness among employees regarding labor laws and evaluates how effectively these laws are implemented in real workplace situations. The research is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 respondents working in various organizations, including manufacturing units, private firms, and office-based setups. Secondary data was gathered from research papers, journals, books, and reliable online sources. The collected data was analyzed using percentage methods, tabular representation, and graphical tools to derive meaningful insights. The findings of the study reveal that a majority of employees are aware of basic labor laws and believe that these laws play a significant role in ensuring fair wages, proper regulation of working hours, and availability of leave benefits. Most respondents agree that labor laws contribute to improving work-life balance, employee satisfaction, and overall workplace discipline. However, the study also identifies certain gaps in implementation, particularly in smaller organizations, where employees may not receive all benefits as per legal provisions. Additionally, a lack of detailed awareness about specific rights and provisions still exists among some employees. The study concludes that labor laws have a significant and positive impact on employee welfare and organizational practices. Proper implementation and increased awareness can further strengthen their effectiveness, leading to better working conditions, reduced conflicts, and enhanced productivity. The research highlights the need for continuous monitoring, awareness programs, and strict compliance to ensure that the benefits of labor laws reach every employee.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20102882

Impact Of Corporate Governance And Profitable Of Small Cap Company

Authors: Shivani Sanjay Gore, Dr. Vinod Sayankar

Abstract: Corporate governance plays a crucial role in shaping the financial performance and long-term sustainability of firms, particularly in small-cap companies where resource constraints and managerial oversight challenges are more pronounced. This study examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms—such as board structure, ownership concentration, transparency, and audit practices—on the profitability of small-cap firms. By analyzing financial and governance data, the research explores how effective governance frameworks can mitigate agency problems, enhance investor confidence, and improve decision-making efficiency. The study finds that small-cap companies with strong governance practices tend to exhibit higher profitability, measured through indicators such as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Conversely, weak governance structures often lead to inefficiencies, financial mismanagement, and reduced firm performance. The research also highlights that regulatory compliance and ethical business conduct significantly influence market perception and access to capital for smaller firms. Overall, this study underscores the importance of robust corporate governance as a key driver of profitability in small- cap companies and suggests that policymakers and managers should prioritize governance reforms to enhance firm value and competitiveness.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19949771

Impact of Strategic Cost Control Practices on Budgeting Accuracy in a Competitive Market

Authors: Prof. Abhijit Bharati, Aarti Sanjay Ukande

Abstract: In today’s competitive business environment, organizations face increasing pressure to manage costs efficiently while maintaining profitability and sustainability. Strategic cost control practices play a crucial role in improving budgeting accuracy and financial performance. This study examines the impact of cost control techniques such as standard costing, variance analysis, and budgetary control on budgeting accuracy in organizations. The research is based on primary data collected from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data from journals and reports has also been used to support the analysis. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis and Chi-square test were applied for hypothesis testing. The findings indicate that effective cost control practices significantly improve budgeting accuracy, reduce deviations, and enhance financial performance. The study concludes that integrating cost control strategies with budgeting systems is essential for achieving financial discipline and organizational efficiency in a competitive market.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19950162

A Study on Investment Pattern of Individual Investors with Special Reference to Gold, Stock, Land/House And Firm Investment

Authors: Dr. Shekhar Chavan, Sakshi Omkar Akotkhane

Abstract: This research focuses on examining the investment behaviour of individual investors with reference to gold, stock market, real estate (land/house), and firm investments. Investment decisions are influenced by various factors such as risk perception, return expectations, and financial awareness. The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from selected respondents. The results indicate that traditional investment avenues like gold and real estate continue to dominate due to their perceived safety, whereas stock market investments are becoming increasingly popular among younger investors because of their higher return potential.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19950689

A Study on Payment Preferences: UPI vs Credit Cards Among MBA Students

Authors: Prof. Akshay Yeotkar, Diksha M. Suryawanshi, Vijeta Rajane

Abstract: Digital payment methods have become an important part of everyday life, especially for students who regularly use online transactions for shopping, bill payments, food delivery, and other expenses. Among the various payment options available today, UPI and credit cards are the most commonly used by MBA students. This study focuses on understanding which payment method MBA students prefer more and the reasons behind their choices. UPI has become highly popular because it is fast, simple, secure, and allows instant money transfers without extra charges. It is widely used for small and daily transactions. On the other hand, credit cards provide benefits such as cashback, reward points, EMI options, and short-term credit, which can be useful for bigger purchases and planned spending. The main objective of this research is to compare UPI and credit card usage among MBA students by analyzing factors like convenience, security, spending habits, rewards, and financial awareness. The study is conducted through survey-based data collection from MBA students, and the collected information can be analyzed using statistical methods such as percentage analysis and chi-square testing. This research helps in understanding the changing payment behavior of management students in the digital era. It also provides useful insights for banks, fintech companies, and researchers to improve digital payment services according to student preferences. Overall, the study highlights how modern financial technology is influencing the spending and payment habits of future business professionals.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19951438

A Study On Banking Facilities And Customer Satisfaction In Rural Areas In And Around Kurundwad City

Authors: Dr. Shekhar Chavan, Revati Rajendra Bhabire

Abstract: This study examines the availability and effectiveness of banking facilities and the level of customer satisfaction in rural areas around Kurundwad city. With the expansion of financial inclusion initiatives, banking services have increasingly reached rural populations; however, challenges related to accessibility, awareness, service quality, and technology adoption still persist. The research focuses on understanding the types of banking facilities available, such as savings accounts, loan services, ATM access, mobile banking, and government scheme benefits. Primary data has been collected from rural customers through structured questionnaires, while secondary data has been gathered from reports, journals, and official banking sources. The study analyzes customer satisfaction based on factors like service quality, staff behavior, convenience, transaction speed, and trust in banking institutions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19956020

A Study on the Impact of Financial Literacy on Investment Decisions of Young Investors

Authors: Prof. Dipali Navale, Dhanashri Jotiram Shinde

Abstract: In the present financial environment, individuals are exposed to a wide range of investment opportunities, making financial literacy an essential skill. This study aims to analyse the impact of financial literacy on the investment decisions of young investors. The research is based on primary data collected from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive research design has been used, and tools such as percentage analysis and Chi-square test have been applied for interpretation. The findings indicate that financial literacy significantly influences investment behavior, risk perception, and decision-making ability. The study also reveals that young investors with higher financial knowledge prefer modern investment avenues like stocks and mutual funds. Overall, the research highlights the importance of financial education in improving investment outcomes and financial stability.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19957565

A Study on the Role of Health Insurance in Financial Planning of Middle-Class Families

Authors: Sanika Avinash Shahane, Professor Minakshi chauthamahal, Shruti Dilipkumar Tawlarkar, Dr. Prashant kalwade

Abstract: This paper examines the role of health insurance in the financial planning of middle-class families. Rising healthcare costs and unexpected medical emergencies have made financial security a major concern for households. The study aims to understand how health insurance contributes to risk management, protects savings, and ensures financial stability. It also explores the level of awareness, preference, and utilization of different health insurance policies among middle-class families. The research is based on primary data collected through surveys and supported by secondary data from reports and journals. A sample of 100 respondents is considered to analyse their financial planning behaviour, insurance coverage, and challenges faced in accessing healthcare services. The findings indicate that health insurance plays a crucial role in reducing out-of-pocket medical expenses and preventing financial burden during emergencies. However, lack of awareness, high premium costs, and complex policy terms remain significant barriers. The study concludes that increasing awareness and improving accessibility of health insurance can strengthen financial planning among middle-class families. It also highlights the need for policy improvements and financial education to ensure better adoption of health insurance as a key financial tool.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19970797

A Study of Mutual Fund Preference Among Young Investors

Authors: Shivani Machindra Phadtare, Professor Jayamala Katkar

Abstract: India’s investment landscape has undergone a significant transformation due to rising financial awareness, digital accessibility, and changing risk preferences among young investors, making mutual funds a popular choice for their diversification, affordability, and relatively lower risk. This study focuses on individuals aged 21 to 35 and aims to analyse their preferences, attitudes, and decision-making behaviour toward mutual fund investments by examining key factors such as risk tolerance, return expectations, financial literacy, investment goals, liquidity needs, and the influence of digital platforms and social media. It also evaluates their awareness of important concepts like NAV, SIPs, expense ratios, and fund categories, and how this knowledge affects their investment choices. Additionally, the research explores preferred types of mutual funds, the role of financial advisors and peer influence, and the impact of technology-driven platforms on investment behaviour. The study further analyses risk-return perception, responses to market volatility, and long-term investment discipline, while identifying common challenges such as lack of trust, limited knowledge, and difficulty in selecting suitable schemes, with the aim of providing insights for improving financial education and developing more investor-friendly financial products.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19977243

A Study of Compensation Management Practices in Organizations

Authors: Miss Akanksha Rahul Devkule, Dr. Sachin Wadekar

Abstract: Compensation management is a critical function of human resource management that significantly influences employee motivation, satisfaction, performance, and retention. In today’s highly competitive business environment, organizations are increasingly focusing on designing effective and equitable compensation systems to attract, retain, and motivate talented employees. The present study aims to examine the compensation management practices followed in organizations and analyze their impact on employee behavior and job satisfaction. The study considers both monetary and non-monetary components of compensation, including salary, incentives, allowances, bonuses, and employee benefits. It also evaluates key aspects such as fairness, transparency, and the linkage between performance and rewards. The research is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from employees, while secondary data was obtained from journals, articles, and online sources. The data was analyzed using basic statistical tools such as percentages and comparative analysis. The findings of the study indicate that compensation has a direct and significant impact on employee motivation, productivity, and retention. While most employees are satisfied with their compensation, gaps still exist in terms of transparency and clarity in performance-based pay. The study concludes that organizations must adopt fair, transparent, and performance-oriented compensation systems to enhance employee satisfaction and achieve overall organizational effectiveness.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19982917

Employee Wellbeing Programs and Organizational Commitment

Authors: Vanshika Singhal, Assistant Professor Mrs. Shruti Rawat

Abstract: In today’s competitive business world, companies are paying more attention to the health and happiness of their employees. Employee wellbeing programs are activities designed to support the physical, mental, emotional, and social health of workers. This paper explains how these programs influence organizational commitment, which refers to how loyal, dedicated, and emotionally connected employees feel to their organization. The study relies on secondary data gathered from existing research papers, journals, reports, and articles. The findings reveal that when organizations invest in employee wellbeing, it builds trust between employees and management. It reduces stress, increases job satisfaction, and creates a positive workplace environment. As a result, employees feel more attached to their organization and show greater commitment. The study also examines various aspects of employee wellbeing and organizational commitment, highlighting their relationship. It clearly demonstrates that both are strongly connected. In conclusion, employee wellbeing programs are not just extra benefits; they are smart strategies for organizations. When implemented correctly, they improve the workplace environment, make employees feel valued, and boost motivation, productivity, and long-term commitment to the organization. This leads to better performance, stronger loyalty, and sustainable growth for the company. Overall, wellbeing programs bring significant benefits to both employees and organizations. The study further emphasizes that wellbeing is not a one-time effort but a continuous responsibility for organizations. It also points out key challenges, such as budget constraints, social stigma surrounding mental health, and insufficient communication that organizations must tackle to make these programs truly effective. The paper concludes with practical suggestions for HR professionals and organizational leaders, especially in India, where the expectations of the modern workforce are changing rapidly.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19983452

A Study of Risk Management at Financial Market

Authors: Pooja Shingate, Professor Navin Kumar, Professor Vinod Sayankar

Abstract: Risk management in financial markets plays a critical role in ensuring stability, profitability, and investor confidence. This study examines the various types of risks faced in financial markets, including market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk. It explores the tools and techniques used by financial institutions and investors to identify, assess, and mitigate these risks, such as diversification, hedging, derivatives, and value-at-risk (VaR) models. The research also highlights the impact of regulatory frameworks and technological advancements on modern risk management practices. Through analysis of market behavior and case studies, the study demonstrates how effective risk management strategies can minimize potential losses and enhance decision-making. The findings suggest that a proactive and systematic approach to risk management is essential for maintaining financial market efficiency and resilience, especially in times of economic uncertainty.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19984524

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) in Wealth Creation for Middle-Income Salaried Employees

Authors: Dhananjay Rajendra Marne

Abstract: Retail investing in India has undergone a structural transformation over the past decade, with Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) emerging as one of the most widely adopted wealth-building mechanisms among urban wage earners. This paper investigates the extent to which SIP-based mutual fund contributions facilitate tangible financial growth for middle-income salaried workers in Pune, Maharashtra. Drawing on primary survey data gathered from one hundred respondents and analysed through chi-square goodness-of-fit tests, the study quantifies awareness levels, fund-type preferences, perceived wealth impact, and the relationship between monthly income and contribution size. Results across all four statistical hypotheses reject the null at the five-percent significance level, confirming that salaried employees possess measurably non-uniform SIP awareness, exhibit clear equity-fund preferences, widely credit SIPs with advancing their financial goals, and allocate income to SIPs in proportions that vary systematical

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19985202

Faculty and Student Readiness for AI Adoption in MBA Education: An Empirical Study at ASM Group of Institutes

Authors: Professor Swapna Roy, Professor Priti Puri

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping management education by transforming teaching methodologies, assessment systems, research practices, and administrative processes. In alignment with ASM AI Fest 2026 and the theme “AI-Driven Pedagogy & Institutional Transformation,” this study examines the readiness of faculty and students for AI adoption in MBA education at ASM Group of Institutes. The research evaluates awareness levels, perceived usefulness, technological competence, institutional preparedness, and willingness to integrate AI tools into academic and administrative functions.Using a mixed-method approach, primary data were collected from MBA faculty members and students through structured questionnaires, while secondary data were gathered from global reports, AICTE guidelines, NEP 2020, and international case studies on AI in education. The findings reveal high conceptual awareness of AI tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, Canva AI, and data analytics platforms; however, structured implementation strategies, formal training, and policy frameworks are still evolving. The study proposes a phased implementation plan including faculty training, pilot classroom integration, AI-supported assessment tools, and process automation in academic administration. The research concludes that AI readiness at ASM is promising but requires strategic alignment, capacity building, and responsible AI governance to create a future-ready academic ecosystem in MBA education.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19986009

Financial Literacy and Investment Behaviour of Young Professionals

Authors: Rutuja Aniruddha Deshpande, Professor Bhaskar Lendave

Abstract: The study titled “Financial Literacy and Investment Behaviour of Young Professionals” focuses on understanding the level of financial awareness among individuals and its impact on their investment decisions. In today’s dynamic financial environment, financial literacy plays an important role in helping individuals make informed and effective financial choices. This study follows a descriptive research design and is based on primary data collected from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire using Google Forms. The questionnaire covered areas such as financial knowledge, financial skills, attitude, and investment behaviour. The data collected was analyzed using statistical tools like percentage analysis, weighted average method, and the Chi-square test. The findings show that most respondents have basic financial knowledge and are aware of different investment options such as fixed deposits, mutual funds, and stocks. While many individuals show a positive attitude towards saving and financial plann

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19987180

Change in Investment Preference of Salaried Employees with Respective Income Level

Authors: Priyanka Wandhekar, Professor Abhijit Bharati

Abstract: This study examines the changes in investment preferences of salaried employees with respect to their income levels. The primary objective of the research is to understand how income influences investment decisions, risk tolerance, and the selection of financial instruments. The study is based on primary data collected from 100 salaried individuals using a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that income level plays a significant role in shaping investment behavior. Employees with lower income levels tend to prefer safe and low-risk investment options such as fixed deposits and insurance, focusing mainly on capital protection and liquidity. Middle-income individuals adopt a balanced approach by investing in both traditional and market-linked instruments like mutual funds. In contrast, high-income earners demonstrate higher risk tolerance and prefer investments in equities, real estate, and other high-return avenues. The study also highlights that factors such as financial awareness, investment objectives, and professional advice influence decision-making. Most respondents show a preference for long-term investments and consider both safety and returns as important factors. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test confirms a significant relationship between income level and investment preferences. Overall, the research concludes that as income increases, investment strategies shift from conservative to more diversified and growth-oriented approaches. The study emphasizes the importance of financial literacy and informed decision-making in achieving long-term financial security and wealth creation.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19987730

A Study on Investment Pattern of Retail Investor

Authors: Suraj Sanjay Devkate, Dr. Sarika Ghorpade

Abstract: This research paper examines the investment patterns of retail investors with a focus on their preferences, behavior, and key decision-making factors influencing their choices. The study aims to understand how individual investors allocate their funds across various investment avenues such as mutual funds, shares, fixed deposits, and other financial instruments. It also explores the impact of demographic variables like age, income, education, and occupation on investment decisions. The research is based on primary data collected from 104 respondents through a structured questionnaire, supported by secondary data from journals, articles, and financial reports. Analytical tools such as percentage analysis and graphical representation are used to interpret the data effectively. The findings reveal that a majority of retail investors prefer investing in mutual funds and shares due to their potential for higher returns, while still maintaining a moderate risk profile. At the same time, traditional investment options like fixed deposits and gold continue to attract risk-averse investors. The study also highlights that financial literacy, income level, and individual risk perception are significant determinants of investment behavior. Furthermore, the research indicates that increasing awareness of digital investment platforms has influenced investment patterns, making investing more accessible and convenient. However, a lack of in-depth financial knowledge still limits optimal decision-making among some investors.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19988207

A Study on Impact of Work from Home and Hybrid Work Culture on Employee Performance with Reference to Kakade Laser

Authors: Akanksha Dinkar Gosavi, Dr. Sarika Ghorpade

Abstract: The workplace has experienced major changes due to advancements in technology and global disruptions. As a result, organizations are increasingly adopting Work from Home (WFH) and hybrid work models. This study examines the impact of these flexible work arrangements on employee performance at Kakade Laser. It focuses on factors such as productivity, job satisfaction, motivation, communication, and work–life balance. A quantitative research approach was used, and data was collected from 104 employees through structured questionnaires. The results indicate that flexible work arrangements positively influence productivity, motivation, and work–life balance. However, challenges such as communication gaps and technical issues were also identified. The study concludes that a hybrid work model provides the best balance between flexibility and collaboration. Organizations should improve communication systems and digital infrastructure to maximize benefits.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19988693

A Study on the Impact of Online Customer Reviews on Consumer Purchase Decisions in E-commerce Platforms

Authors: Tejas Shivaji Patil, Professor Amruta Kamat

Abstract: In the digital era, online customer reviews have become a crucial factor influencing consumer purchase decisions, especially in the context of e-commerce platforms. This study aims to examine the impact of online customer reviews on consumer buying behavior and to analyze how factors such as ratings, review content, volume, and reviewer credibility affect purchase decisions. The research is based on a quantitative approach using primary data collected from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Convenience sampling was used, and the data was analyzed using statistical tools such as percentage analysis and mean calculation. The findings reveal that online reviews significantly influence consumer purchase decisions. Product ratings, review quantity, and visual content enhance trust among consumers. Negative reviews were found to have a stronger influence than positive reviews, as they help consumers avoid risks. Verified purchase reviews and reviewer credibility also play an important role in building trust. The study concludes that online customer reviews act as a powerful form of electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), influencing consumer perception, trust, and buying intention. The research highlights the importance for businesses to manage online reviews effectively to enhance customer trust and improve sales performance.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19989042

A Study of Consumer Trust in E-Commerce- Case Study Giveway Central in Kasenengwa District Eastern Province

Authors: Naphtali Zulu, Mr. Mac'holder Mazumbo

Abstract: This study looked at what influences’ consumer trust in online shopping, focusing on perceived risk, brand reputation, security measures, and customer service quality. As e-commerce rapidly grows in Zambia and other African countries, understanding these factors is essential for businesses to succeed. The research had four main goals: (1) to see how perceived risk affects consumer trust, (2) to check how product quality impact trust in online transactions, (3) to explore the role of security measures like secure payment systems, and (4) to understand how customers view customer service quality.The study used a mix of surveys with 40 Zambian online shoppers and 10 detailed interviews The results indicated that 51.1% of respondents considered perceived risk, especially related to fear of fraud as a significant barrier to consumer trust in e commerce. Additionally, 31.1% pointed out the impact of product quality in shaping consumer trust in online transaction. Website Security was identified as the most critical factor influencing trust, with 35.6% of respondents emphasizing it and this implies that security measures like secure payment systems positively affect consumer trust. Customer service was noted by 22.2% of respondents as an important factor influencing trust. The study concluded that reducing perceived risk. Improving product quality, ensuring security, and providing high-quality customer service is crucial for fostering trust in e-commerce. The findings offer practical advice for online businesses, especially in developing markets like Zambia, on how to build trust and royalty among consumers.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19997856

The Role of Strategic Management in Enhancing Competitive Advantage: A Study of Selected Companies in Zambia

Authors: Mwembela Brian, Mr. Mac'holder Mazumbo

Abstract: Strategic management is a fundamental driver of competitive advantage in modern business environments. This study examines how strategic management practices influence the competitive advantage of selected companies in Zambia. The research focuses on key elements such as strategic planning, competitive positioning, innovation, and leadership to determine their impact on organizational performance. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating survey data from 150 employees and managers across three industries (manufacturing, retail, and services) and in-depth interviews with 12 senior executives. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data provided deeper insights into strategic decision-making processes. Findings indicate that 83% of surveyed companies have a formal strategic management process, with 60% conducting annual strategy reviews. The most commonly employed strategies include cost leadership (55%), differentiation (35%), and innovation-driven approaches (45%). Additionally, firms that frequently update their strategic plans experienced a 20% higher market growth rate than those with inconsistent planning. Leadership commitment and organizational culture emerged as significant factors influencing strategic success. Despite the benefits of strategic management, key challenges identified include limited financial resources (reported by 68% of respondents), resistance to change (47%), and regulatory constraints (32%). To overcome these obstacles, the study recommends investment in capacity building, technology adoption, and continuous strategic evaluation. This research provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of strategic management in Zambia and offers practical recommendations for businesses seeking long-term competitiveness. Future research could focus on industry-specific challenges and the role of government policies in shaping business strategy.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19999715

An Investigation into the Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Employee Job Satisfaction in the Banking Industry

Authors: Mabvuto Mwanza, Mr. Mac'holder Mazumbo

Abstract: Culturally responsive teaching (CRT) gained recognition as an effective pedagogical approach aimed at improving both academic achievement and social-emotional learning (SEL) among primary school students. In multicultural classrooms, CRT encouraged inclusivity by integrating students’ diverse cultural backgrounds into the teaching process, which enhanced engagement and overall learning outcomes. However, limited empirical research existed on its direct impact on student performance and emotional development, particularly in primary schools in Zambia. This study, therefore, explored how CRT influenced academic achievement and social-emotional learning by examining instructional strategies, teacher perceptions, and student experiences in selected primary schools in Lundazi District, Zambia. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a comprehensive analysis. The study involved 150 respondents, including 50 teachers and 100 students, selected using purposive and stratified random sampling. Quantitative data were collected through structured surveys and standardized academic records, with statistical tests, including correlation and regression analysis, used to determine the relationship between CRT practices and academic achievement. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews and focus group discussions, analyzed thematically to identify patterns relating to social-emotional learning and classroom engagement. The study found a positive correlation between CRT and students' academic performance and emotional well-being. Students exposed to culturally responsive teaching demonstrated higher motivation, confidence, and participation in classroom activities. These findings provided valuable insights that informed educational policies, teacher training programs, and the development of culturally inclusive pedagogical practices to enhance student success in primary schools.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20000452

An Analysis of the Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Behavior and Purchase Decisions in the Retail Industry

Authors: Manyoni Edson, Mr. Mac'holder Mazumbo

Abstract: The rapid integration of digital marketing has significantly transformed the global retail industry, influencing consumer behavior, purchasing decisions, and brand engagement. With the expansion of e-commerce, social media marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), email campaigns, and influencer marketing, businesses are increasingly shifting from traditional advertising methods to data-driven digital marketing strategies. This study critically examines the impact of digital marketing on consumer behavior in the retail sector by analyzing the effectiveness of various digital marketing techniques in shaping consumer perceptions, engagement, and purchase intentions. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data, drawing from consumer surveys (N=500) and in-depth interviews with marketing professionals (N=25) across different retail segments. The findings reveal that 78% of consumers rely on online reviews and social media advertisements before making a purchase decision, while 65% of respondents indicate that personalized marketing emails and retargeted ads significantly influence their buying behavior. Furthermore, statistical analysis demonstrates a positive correlation (r=0.72, p<0.05) between targeted digital advertisements and increased consumer purchase intent. The study also highlights key challenges, including digital ad fatigue, privacy concerns, and information overload, which may reduce the effectiveness of certain digital marketing strategies. By leveraging consumer behavior theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model, this study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding how digital marketing affects consumer decision-making processes. The research also evaluates emerging trends such as artificial intelligence-driven marketing, augmented reality shopping experiences, and voice search optimization, offering strategic recommendations for retail businesses seeking to maximize digital marketing effectiveness. The study's findings contribute to the growing body of literature on digital consumer behavior and provide actionable insights for marketers, policymakers, and scholars in the evolving digital marketplace.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20001363

To Study the Financial Impact of Rising Fuel Prices on Public

Authors: Om Vasant Deshmukh, Professor Minakshi Chauthamahal

Abstract: Rising fuel prices have become a major economic concern in recent years, particularly in developing countries like India where fuel plays a crucial role in transportation, production, and daily life. The continuous increase in petrol and diesel prices has significantly affected the financial stability of individuals by increasing the cost of living and reducing purchasing power. This study aims to analyse the financial impact of rising fuel prices on the public, with a focus on household expenditure, savings, and consumption behaviour. The research is based on primary data collected from 100 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The study uses statistical tools such as percentage analysis, correlation, and chi-square test to interpret the data. The findings reveal that a majority of respondents are from the working and middle-income group, who are most affected by rising fuel prices. It was observed that increased fuel costs have led to higher transportation expenses, reduction in savings, and changes in spending patterns. Furthermore, respondents have adopted various strategies such as reducing travel, using public transport, and cutting down on non-essential expenses to manage rising fuel costs. The study concludes that rising fuel prices have a moderate to significant financial impact on individuals and highlights the need for better financial planning and efficient fuel usage to reduce the burden.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20021950

From Kutumb Savings to Collective Wealth: An IKS Approach to Mutual Fund Awareness in Guntur

Authors: Voleti Sri Chaitanya, Associate Professor Dr.Subba Rayudu Tunga,

Abstract: The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) emphasizes the principles of Artha (wealth creation), Yukti (logical decision-making), and Sanyama (discipline) in financial practices. In the contemporary financial ecosystem, mutual funds represent a structured and diversified investment mechanism that aligns with these traditional principles. This study explores the level of Nivesha Jagruti (investment awareness) towards mutual funds among investors in Guntur city, a rapidly developing semi-urban region of Andhra Pradesh. Despite the significant expansion of the mutual fund industry in India, awareness and participation in smaller cities remain uneven due to factors such as limited financial literacy, risk aversion, and preference for traditional investment avenues like gold and fixed deposits. The study integrates behavioral finance theories with IKS concepts to understand investor perception and decision-making patterns. The research adopts a descriptive methodology using primary and secondary data to assess awareness levels, preferences, and influencing factors. The findings reveal moderate awareness but low participation due to lack of knowledge and trust. The study concludes that enhancing financial education through an IKS-based approach can bridge the gap between savings and investments, promoting sustainable wealth creation and economic development.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20022450

A Study on Factors Influencing Investment Decisions in Mutual Funds

Authors: Omkar Ganesh Kawale

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the factors influencing investment decisions among individual mutual fund investors. The research focuses on key determinants, including risk perception, expected returns, demographic characteristics, and the role of financial advisors. A descriptive research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 100 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using percentage methods and presented in tables. The findings indicate that investors prefer low-risk investment options and that factors like income, age, financial awareness, and advisory support significantly influence investment decisions. The study also highlights the importance of financial literacy in improving investor behaviour.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20023317

Role Of HR In Employees’ Wellness And Mental Health

Authors: Sakshi, Mrs. Shruti Rawat

Abstract: Introduction Wellness and psychological health are two crucial areas of concern in any modern organization. Due to rising pressures of the modern corporate life, increased globalization, and impacts of the recent global pandemic, organizations cannot turn a blind eye to mental well-being anymore. Human resource department holds key importance here since HR is responsible for designing and implementing the programs that contribute to physical, psychological, and social health of its employees. This paper will look at the role of HR practices in promoting psychological wellness of employees in organizations. Based on the secondary data, such as textbooks, scientific journals, governmental reports, and case studies of specific organizations, the following HR practices will be discussed: Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs), flexible employment options, mental health training, programs aimed at developing a safe and healthy organizational culture, and use of technology for promoting wellness among employees. Findings show that the well-designed programs implemented by the HR department are quite effective and can help to reduce absenteeism, increase employee engagement, and raise productivity of employees. On the other hand, many obstacles may appear such as social stigma associated with mental illness, lack of skilled staff, and budget constraints, which are especially important for SMEs.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20023424

A Study on Employee Engagement and its Influence on Employee Performance

Authors: Laxmi Jadhav, Professor Richa Doshi, Karan Hinge

Abstract: Employee engagement has emerged as a critical factor in modern organizational success, particularly in the context of globalization, technological advancements, and evolving workforce expectations. Organizations today recognize that sustainable performance depends not only on financial resources but also on effective human capital management. Employees now seek meaningful work, recognition, and opportunities for growth, making it essential for organizations to create a supportive and engaging work environment that enhances both individual and organizational outcomes. The concept of employee engagement was first introduced by William A. Kahn, who described it as the integration of employees’ physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into their work roles. Later, Wilmar Schaufeli expanded this idea by defining engagement as a positive and fulfilling state characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. These perspectives highlight that engaged employees are not only present at work but are also deeply involved and committed to their tasks. This study aims to examine the relationship between employee engagement and employee performance using a quantitative research approach. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 respondents across different organizational roles. The study analyzes key engagement factors such as motivation, communication, recognition, and work environment, and evaluates their impact on performance indicators like productivity, efficiency, and work quality. The findings of the study reveal a strong positive relationship between employee engagement and employee performance. Highly engaged employees demonstrate greater productivity, adaptability, and job satisfaction, while also contributing to organizational growth. The study concludes that organizations should prioritize engagement strategies such as effective communication, regular feedback, and recognition systems to enhance employee performance and achieve long-term success.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20023580

A Study on the Impact of Financial Literacy on Investment Decision Making of Individual Investors

Authors: Karan Kundalik Hinge, Laxmi Suresh Jadhav, Professor Richa Doshi

Abstract: This study examines the impact of financial literacy on the investment decision-making behavior of individual investors in an increasingly complex financial environment. With the rapid growth of financial markets and availability of diverse investment options, individuals are required to possess adequate financial knowledge to make informed decisions. However, many investors lack a clear understanding of financial concepts such as risk, return, inflation, and diversification, which affects their ability to invest wisely. The research highlights the importance of financial literacy as a key factor in improving financial decision-making and overall financial well-being. The primary objective of the study is to analyze how financial literacy influences investment choices, risk assessment, and long-term financial planning among individual investors. The research is based on a descriptive design using primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 respondents. The study evaluates various aspects such as investment awareness, sources of financial knowledge, decision-making behavior, and risk tolerance. Statistical tools like percentage analysis and graphical representation are used to interpret the data and identify patterns in investor behavior. The findings of the study indicate that most respondents possess moderate to high levels of financial literacy, which positively influences their investment decisions. A majority of investors actively research before investing, consider risk factors, and prefer moderate-risk investment options. The study also reveals that financially literate individuals are more likely to diversify their portfolios, rely on expert advice, and engage in long-term financial planning. Furthermore, financial literacy significantly enhances investors’ ability to assess risks, avoid impulsive decisions, and achieve better financial outcomes. In conclusion, the study establishes a strong relationship between financial literacy and effective investment decision-making. It emphasizes the need for promoting financial education through awareness programs, workshops, and digital platforms to improve financial knowledge among individuals. Enhancing financial literacy not only helps investors make rational and informed decisions but also contributes to economic stability and growth. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and educators to design strategies that strengthen financial awareness and investor confidence.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20023984

A Study on SAP Fico Procure to Pay (P2P) Cycle use By Businesses

Authors: Shraddha Mohan Marale, Assistant Professor Rahul Waghmare

Abstract: The Procure-to-Pay (P2P) cycle represents one of the most fundamental processes in modern business operations, encompassing the complete journey from requisitioning goods and services to vendor payment and financial reconciliation. In today’s competitive environment, organizations are under increasing pressure to streamline procurement, ensure compliance, and maintain financial transparency. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, particularly SAP, have emerged as powerful tools to address these challenges. Within SAP, the Financial Accounting and Controlling (FICO) module plays a pivotal role in integrating procurement activities with financial management, thereby enabling businesses to achieve operational efficiency and strategic oversight. This study investigates how businesses utilize SAP FICO to optimize the P2P cycle, focusing on automation, integration, compliance, and analytics. The research highlights the critical stages of the P2P cycle—purchase requisition, purchase order creation, goods receipt, invoice verification, and vendor payment—and examines how SAP FICO ensures seamless financial postings at each stage. By linking Materials Management (MM) with Financial Accounting (FI), SAP FICO eliminates redundancies, reduces manual intervention, and enhances auditability. The findings suggest that SAP FICO significantly reduces procurement cycle time, minimizes errors in invoice reconciliation, and strengthens vendor relationships through timely payments. Moreover, the system’s ability to generate real-time financial insights empowers organizations to make informed decisions regarding cash flow, vendor negotiations, and compliance with international accounting standards such as IFRS and GAAP. Case studies analyzed in this research demonstrate that companies across industries—manufacturing, retail, and IT services—have achieved measurable improvements in efficiency and transparency after implementing SAP FICO for P2P processes. However, the study also acknowledges challenges such as high implementation costs, the need for extensive user training, and resistance to organizational change. Despite these barriers, the long-term benefits of SAP FICO adoption outweigh the initial hurdles, positioning it as a strategic enabler of digital transformation in finance and procurement. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of SAP FICO in modernizing the P2P cycle. Beyond transactional efficiency, SAP FICO contributes to strategic financial management by offering robust compliance mechanisms, integrated reporting, and advanced analytics. The study provides valuable insights for businesses, policymakers, and researchers seeking to understand the role of ERP systems in shaping the future of procurement and financial integration.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20025339

A Study on Employee Compensation & Satisfaction

Authors: Gauri Santosh Khandagale, Assistant Professor Richa Doshi

Abstract: Employee compensation plays a crucial role in shaping employee satisfaction, retention, and overall organizational effectiveness. This study explores the relationship between compensation practices and employee satisfaction by examining key components of compensation, their impact on employee behaviour, and the challenges organizations face in designing effective compensation systems. The study also highlights strategies that organizations can adopt to enhance satisfaction through fair, transparent, and performance-linked compensation. The findings suggest that timely rewards, equitable pay structures, and non-monetary benefits significantly improve employee morale and productivity.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20025563

A Study on Employee Engagement and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction

Authors: Pooja Kad, Anuradha Mali, Professor Richa Doshi.

Abstract: Employee engagement plays a vital role in enhancing job satisfaction and improving overall organizational performance. This study examines the level of employee engagement and its impact on job satisfaction among employees of RupeeDot (Indicorn Financial Service). Primary data was collected from 100 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using percentage analysis and the chi-square test to identify patterns and relationships. The findings indicate that salary alone does not ensure employee engagement. Instead, factors such as recognition and employee participation significantly contribute to higher levels of engagement and job satisfaction. The study further confirms a strong relationship between employee engagement and job satisfaction.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20027543

Impact of Digital Lending Apps on Borrowing Behaviour

Authors: Divya Dinesh Sonone, Vaishnavi Satish Sargar, Dr. Prashant Kalwade

Abstract: This study explores the impact of digital lending applications on borrowing behaviour in India’s rapidly evolving fintech ecosystem. With the increasing popularity of instant loan platforms, access to credit has become faster and more convenient, especially for young and middle-income individuals. However, this ease of access raises important questions about financial discipline and borrowing patterns. Using a quantitative research approach, data was collected from 104 respondents to analyse how factors such as convenience, accessibility, and financial awareness influence borrowing decisions. The findings suggest that while digital lending apps act as a crucial financial safety net during emergencies, they also encourage frequent usage and impulsive borrowing behaviour. The study highlights that digital lending platforms are not just financial tools but behavioural drivers that reshape how individuals perceive and use credit.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20037054

Role of Life Insurance in Financial Planning of Individuals

Authors: Shubhangi Bajirao Patil, Professor CS. Jaymala Katkar

Abstract: Financial planning has become an essential aspect of modern life as individuals strive to achieve financial stability, security, and long-term wealth creation. Among the various financial instruments available, life insurance plays a dual role by providing risk protection as well as investment opportunities. This research paper explores the role of life insurance in the financial planning process of individuals, focusing on its importance in risk management, wealth accumulation, tax benefits, and retirement planning. The study highlights how life insurance products such as term plans, endowment policies, and unit-linked insurance plans (ULIPs) contribute to securing the financial future of individuals and their families. It also examines the level of awareness among individuals regarding life insurance and its integration into financial planning strategies. The findings emphasize that life insurance is not merely a protective tool but a comprehensive financial instrument that supports long-term financial goals.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20037496

Financial Literacy Status of Scheduled Castes in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar District

Authors: Kolhe Pruthviraj Bhimrao

Abstract: This study examines the status of financial literacy among Scheduled Castes in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar district. Although the district is historically, culturally, and educationally developed, significant gaps exist in financial awareness, especially among socially and economically weaker sections. The study is based on both primary and secondary data, with primary data collected from 470 respondents through a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that while some respondents have basic knowledge of financial concepts like income planning and expense management, awareness about advanced aspects such as investment, insurance, digital finance, and banking regulations remains limited. A considerable proportion of respondents lack clear understanding of key institutions like the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and its policies. Many respondents depend on banks and educational institutions for financial information, but a significant number still remain unaware or rely on informal sources. The study also highlights major challenges such as lack of proper financial education, limited access to reliable information, digital illiteracy, and socio-cultural barriers. These factors directly affect financial decision-making, savings behavior, and overall economic progress. Based on the findings, the study suggests various measures, including the active involvement of educational institutions, awareness campaigns by banks, use of digital and social media, and coordinated efforts by government and non-government organizations to improve financial literacy. Overall, the study concludes that improving financial literacy is essential for enhancing financial inclusion, empowering individuals, and ensuring sustainable economic development.

DOI: http://doi.org/

A Study on Financial Literacy and Its Impact on Investment Decisions of Individual Investors

Authors: Khandagale Aditya Bibhishan

Abstract: Financial literacy is important in shaping how people manage their finances and make investment decisions. As financial products and digital investment platforms grow rapidly, people need sufficient knowledge to manage their money effectively. This study examines how financially literate individual investors are and how this affects their investment choices, risk perceptions, and financial confidence. The research uses a descriptive design and gathers primary data from individual investors through a structured questionnaire. It applies statistical methods, such as percentage and correlation analyses, to examine the link between financial literacy and investment behavior. The results show that higher financial literacy leads to better decision-making, encourages diversification, improves risk assessment, and supports long-term financial planning. It offers insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and educators to create effective financial awareness programs that enhance individual investors' decision-making skills.

DOI: http://doi.org/

A Study on Impact of Work-Life Balance Practices on Job Satisfaction of Employees

Authors: Anuradha Mali, Pooja Kad, Professor Richa Doshi

Abstract: Work-life balance has become an important factor in determining employee job satisfaction in today’s competitive and fast-paced work environment. This study focuses on analyzing the impact of work-life balance practices such as flexible working hours, work-from-home options, leave policies, and employee wellness programs on job satisfaction. The research is based on a descriptive research design and uses both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from 100 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using percentage analysis and presented with the help of charts. The findings indicate that employees who experience better work-life balance tend to have higher levels of job satisfaction, motivation, and productivity. On the other hand, employees with poor work-life balance face stress, dissatisfaction, and reduced performance. The study concludes that work-life balance practices play a significant role in improving employee satisfaction and overall organizational perform

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20041608

Work Life Balance &Its Effect on Employee Performance

Authors: Sahil Dnyaneshwar Jarad, Assistant Professor Richa Doshi

Abstract: Work–life balance (WLB) has emerged as a critical factor influencing employee performance and organizational effectiveness. In today’s fast-paced work environment, employees often struggle to manage professional responsibilities alongside personal commitments. This study explores the components of work–life balance and examines how maintaining a healthy balance positively affects employee productivity, job satisfaction, motivation, and retention. It also highlights the challenges employees face in achieving WLB and identifies strategies organizations can implement to support employees. The findings suggest that employees with better work-life balance demonstrate improved performance, lower stress levels, and stronger organizational commitment.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20041812

A Study on Financial Impact of Electric Vehicle Segment on Automobile Companies

Authors: Srushti Shivaji Ambavale, Prof. Minakshi Chauthamahal

Abstract: This research focuses on analysing how the electric vehicle (EV) segment influences the financial performance of automobile companies. With growing concern for the environment, increasing fuel prices, and supportive government initiatives, the adoption of EVs has gained momentum in India. The study examines the impact of EV- related investments on both short-term profitability and long-term financial growth. Data has been collected from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire and analysed using statistical techniques such as percentage analysis, correlation, and Chi-square tests. The results suggest that although EV investments involve high initial costs and may reduce profitability in the early stages, they have strong potential to generate higher returns over time. Government support and rising market demand are key factors driving this transition. Overall, the study highlights that the EV segment plays an important role in shaping the future financial performance of automobile companies.is likely to drive future growth in the industry.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20044071

Employees’ Attitude Towards the Organization

Authors: Akansha Gupta, Assistant Professor Dr.Ravikant Jaiswal

Abstract: This research investigates the multi-dimensional factors influencing employee attitudes within the organizational framework of Sakthi Sugars. Utilizing a stratified random sampling method with a sample size of 180, the study evaluates various HR functions, working conditions, and management practices. The analysis employs percentage analysis and CHI-Square tests to determine correlations between demographic variables and job-related satisfaction. Findings indicate that while a majority of respondents maintain a positive attitude toward welfare facilities and working conditions, specific areas such as job security and workers' participation in management require strategic improvement.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20053120

A Comprehensive Study of Financial Literacy Among Youth: Determinants, Impacts, and Behavioral Shifts

Authors: Aakrati Jaiswal, Assistant Professor Dr.Ravikant Jaiswal

Abstract: This research paper investigates the current state of financial literacy among the youth (aged 18– 30) in the post-pandemic digital economy. Despite the proliferation of fintech applications and digital banking, there remains a significant gap between financial tool accessibility and functional financial knowledge. This study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative survey data from a dummy sample of 1,500 participants and qualitative analysis of recent literature (2020– 2025). Key findings suggest that while digital literacy is high, conceptual understanding of compound interest, inflation, and risk diversification remains critically low. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for educational institutions and policymakers to integrate experiential financial learning into core curricula.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20054518

A Study on Retirement Planning Awareness Among Salaried Persons in Pune City

Authors: Vitthal Daulat Sargar, Riddhi Videsh Surve, Dr. Prashant Kalwade, Professor Abhijeet Bharati

Abstract: This study examines the level of awareness regarding retirement planning among salaried individuals in Pune city. With increasing financial responsibilities, inflation, and changing socio-economic conditions, retirement planning has become essential for long-term financial security. The research focuses on awareness of key retirement instruments such as Employee Provident Fund (EPF), Public Provident Fund (PPF), National Pension System (NPS), and insurance policies. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and data was collected from 150 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The findings indicate that while a majority of respondents are generally aware of retirement planning options, a significant portion lacks in-depth knowledge and clarity. The study highlights the need for improved financial literacy and structured guidance to encourage effective retirement planning among salaried individuals.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20054832

An Analytical Study of the Digital Influence of Social Media on Consumer Purchasing Decisions

Authors: Ankit Singh, Assistant Professor Dr. Ravikant Jaiswal

Abstract: In recent years, social media has become an important part of people’s daily life and it is also affecting how consumers make their purchasing decisions. Earlier, people mostly depended on traditional sources like television, newspapers, and word-of-mouth before buying any product. But now, with the growth of digital platforms like Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook, the behaviour of consumers has changed. This study focuses on analyzing how social media influences consumer purchasing decisions. It tries to understand the role of factors such as online reviews, influencer marketing, advertisements, and content quality. For this purpose, data has been collected from respondents through a questionnaire and analyzed using simple methods. The results of the study show that social media has a strong impact on consumers. Most people check reviews, watch videos, and sometimes follow influencers before making a purchase decision. However, trust plays an important role, as not all consumers believe everything they see online. Overall, the study concludes that social media is a powerful tool in shaping consumer behaviour and companies should use it carefully and effectively.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20055203

Employee’s Attitude Towards the Organization

Authors: Akansha Gupta, Assistant Professor Dr.Ravikant Jaiswal

Abstract: This research investigates the multi-dimensional factors influencing employee attitudes within the organizational framework of Sakthi Sugars. Utilizing a stratified random sampling method with a sample size of 180, the study evaluates various HR functions, working conditions, and management practices. The analysis employs percentage analysis and CHI-Square tests to determine correlations between demographic variables and job-related satisfaction. Findings indicate that while a majority of respondents maintain a positive attitude toward welfare facilities and working conditions, specific areas such as job security and workers' participation in management require strategic improvement.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20053120

A Study on GST Reconciliation Process and Its Impact on Business Compliance

Authors: Sahil Dinesh Waghmode Patil, Abhjeet Bharati

Abstract: The Goods and Services Tax (GST) has significantly transformed the taxation system in India by introducing a unified and transparent framework. A crucial aspect of GST compliance is the reconciliation process, which involves matching financial records with GST returns to ensure accuracy in tax reporting and Input Tax Credit (ITC) claims. This study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 100 business respondents, including accountants, tax professionals, and business owners. The research examines the effectiveness of the GST reconciliation process and its impact on business compliance. The findings reveal that while GST reconciliation enhances transparency and reduces tax discrepancies, it also increases compliance burden, especially for small and medium enterprises. The study concludes that technological adoption and simplification of procedures are essential to improve efficiency and reduce compliance challenges.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20067786

A Study On The Analysis Of Marketing Strategies Adopted By Hyundai Motor Company

Authors: Aachal Rajesh Tayade, Aniket Santosh Mahalle, Prof. Chetan Neman, Prof. Akshay Yeotikar

Abstract: This study analyzes the marketing strategies adopted by Hyundai Motor Company and evaluates their impact on consumer behavior, brand awareness, and purchase decisions. The research adopts a quantitative approach using primary data collected from 100 respondents through structured questionnaires. The study focuses on key marketing dimensions such as advertising effectiveness, digital marketing influence, and brand awareness channels. The findings reveal that Hyundai’s strong digital presence, effective promotional campaigns, and value-for-money positioning significantly enhance customer engagement and brand loyalty. The research concludes that Hyundai’s integrated marketing strategies provide a strong competitive advantage in the automobile industry.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20068139

A Study on Role of Digital Payments in Banking Sector

Authors: Akshada G. Shete, Professor Akshay Yeotikar

Abstract: The banking sector in India has undergone a major transformation in recent years due to the rapid growth of digital payment systems. With the spread of smartphones, improved internet connectivity, and strong policy support from the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India, digital payments have become an essential part of modern financial transactions. Instruments such as mobile banking, internet banking, debit and credit cards, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), and digital wallets have changed the way individuals and businesses carry out payments. These technologies have made transactions faster, more convenient, more transparent, and less dependent on cash. Against this background, the present study titled “A Study on the Role of Digital Payments in the Banking Sector” aims to examine the importance, growth, usage, customer satisfaction, and challenges associated with digital payment systems in India. The main objective of the study is to understand the role that digital payments play in improving banking services and customer experience. The study also seeks to identify the most commonly used digital payment methods, assess customer awareness and satisfaction, and examine the impact of these systems on banking efficiency. In addition, it explores the contribution of digital payments to financial inclusion, cash reduction, and transparent financial practices. The study further attempts to identify the practical difficulties faced by users, including security concerns, technical failures, and lack of digital literacy. In this way, the research aims to provide a clear understanding of how digital payments are shaping the Indian banking environment.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20068557

In The Footsteps Of Tigers: An Ecocritical Examination Of Jim Corbett’s Wilderness Writing

Authors: Anindita Bhattacharjee Roy

Abstract: In this paper, I conduct an ecocritical analysis of Jim Corbett’s works on wilderness, highlighting the intricate relationship between hunting and conservation that exists in his narratives. Through textual analysis of Man-Eaters of Kumaon, Jungle Lore, and My India, this paper demonstrates that Corbett’s literature contains a “hunter-conservationist dialectic” that challenges dichotomies such as anthropocentrism vs. biocentrism. This analysis finds four consistent ecocritical motifs: the portrayal of the man-eater as a signifier of the ecological crisis instead of its intrinsic evil; criticism of colonial forestry practices; the recording of local ecology; and a connection with the wilderness that surpasses instrumental reasons. This paper argues that Corbett’s texts are ahead of their time in advocating some core principles of modern environmental ethics, namely Aldo Leopold’s land ethic.

DOI:

A Study On Role Of Income Level And Financial Literacy In The Purchase Of Accident Insurance In Pune Region

Authors: Shivam Vinayak Deshmukh, Professor Minakshi Chauthamahal

Abstract: In order to offer financial security against unforeseen risks like injury, disability, and death, accident insurance is essential. However, due to disparities in financial literacy and income levels, its acceptance varies greatly across individuals. The purpose of this study is to investigate how financial literacy and income level affect accident insurance purchases in the Pune area. A structured questionnaire was used to gather primary data from 100 respondents for the study. Data interpretation was done using statistical tools such the chi-square test, correlation, and percentage analysis. The results show that because accident insurance is more affordable, people with higher income levels are more likely to get it. Furthermore, awareness, comprehension, and decision-making about insurance products are strongly influenced by financial literacy. The study comes to the conclusion that increasing financial literacy and creating reasonably priced insurance plans can boost insurance penetration and encourage people's financial security.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20088852

An Analytical Study of Factors Influencing Sales in Rural Markets

Authors: Shinde Vidhan Prashant

Abstract: While urban markets are nearing saturation, rural areas have become the next opportunity for sustainable business growth. This study looks at the complex dynamics of rural sales, focusing on the relationships between pricing, distribution, and cultural influences. Through a mixed-method analysis of 100 respondents, findings show that 67% of consumers report having adequate access to products. However, there are still significant gaps in branded product availability (63%) and supply chain consistency (54%). The research highlights that success in rural areas depends on a "trust-first" approach. Local communication and affordable pricing models aimed at the "Bottom of the Pyramid" are key for entering these markets. This research paper explores the changing patterns of consumption in rural India. By examining consumer behavior, pricing, and distribution, the study offers a clear view of what drives sustainable growth in rural sectors. Rural consumption is shaped by distinct cultural values, seasonal demand patterns, and a strong sensitivity to price.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20089191

Investor Perception Towards Financial Factors Influencing Share Prices Of IT Companies In India

Authors: Vidya Satish Chaudhari, Titir Das Sharma

Abstract: The present study examines the major financial factors influencing the share prices of selected IT firms in India. The research focuses on leading IT companies such as Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Infosys, and Wipro. The study analyzes investor perception regarding financial indicators including Earnings Per Share (EPS), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit, Revenue Growth, Dividend Per Share (DPS), and firm size in influencing share price movements. The study is based on primary data collected from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Percentage analysis, charts, and graphical representation methods were used for data interpretation. The findings reveal that EPS, ROE, and Net Profit are considered the most important factors influencing investment decisions and share price behavior. The study also highlights the impact of exchange rate fluctuations and revenue growth on IT firms due to their global exposure. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of financial awareness and fundamental analysis in investment decision-making in the Indian IT sector.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20089346

A Study on Impact of Digital Payments on Consumers

Authors: Gauri Prakash Naik,, Professor Sandhya Rathod, Dr. Krishna Aineniwar

Abstract: WThis study investigates the impact of digital payment systems on consumer behavior, financial habits, and economic participation. With the rapid adoption of mobile wallets, UPI, Internet banking, and card-based transactions, cashless payments have fundamentally altered how consumers engage with financial services. The study highlights key benefits including transactional convenience, greater financial inclusion, improved spending transparency, and enhanced security through authentication technologies. Simultaneously, it acknowledges persistent challenges such as cybersecurity threats, insufficient digital literacy among vulnerable populations, and infrastructure limitations in connectivity. findings indicate that digital payment adoption positively influences consumer spending patterns, encourages e-commerce growth, and promotes better financial management. The study concludes that while barriers to adoption remain, continued technological advancement, digital awareness programs, and policy support are essential to maximize the benefits of digital payments for all consumer segments.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20089789

A Study on Tax Planning Management Practices Adopted by Salaried Employees

Authors: Priti Pandurang Dudhal, Professor. Bhaskar Lendave

Abstract: Tax planning plays a vital role in the financial management of salaried employees. Since salaried individuals earn fixed income and are subject to Tax Deducted at Source (TDS), proper tax planning helps reduce tax liability and increase savings. The present study aims to analyze the tax planning management practices adopted by salaried employees, their awareness regarding tax-saving provisions, investment preferences, and factors influencing their tax-related decisions. The research is descriptive in nature and is based on primary data collected from 101 salaried employees through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data was collected from books, journals, government websites, and research articles. The findings reveal that most respondents prefer traditional tax-saving instruments such as Provident Fund, Life Insurance, and Public Provident Fund (PPF). Many employees perform tax planning only at the end of the financial year and possess moderate awareness regarding tax provisions like Section 80C and 80D. The study concludes that although salaried employees are aware of basic tax-saving opportunities, there is a need for improved financial literacy, systematic planning, and professional guidance for effective tax management.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20095714

A Study of Digital marketing on Pharmaceutical Product Promotion

Authors: Ajit Sudhakar Thorat

Abstract: These days digital marketing is a tool that is changing the way pharmaceutical companies promote their products. In the past these companies used to rely on people who would visit doctors and hospitals to promote their products. They also used to advertise in newspapers and magazines and participate in conferences.. This approach was very time-consuming and did not reach a lot of people. It also did not allow for real-time interaction with customers and healthcare professionals. However with more people using the internet and smartphones pharmaceutical companies have started to use digital marketing to promote their products. Digital marketing is now very important for creating awareness engaging with customers and influencing their decisions. Platforms like media, search engines, websites, email marketing and mobile apps have made it easier for people to get information about pharmaceutical products. This information is also available faster. Is more interactive. This study is about the impact of marketing on pharmaceutical product promotion. It looks at how digital platforms affect healthcare professionals and customers in terms of awareness, perception and purchasing decisions. The study also compares marketing with traditional methods of promotion. The research is based on data collected from 100 people who answered a questionnaire, well as data from journals, research papers and online sources. The data was analyzed using percentage analysis and graphical tools. The results show that digital marketing has a positive impact on pharmaceutical promotion. It increases product awareness enhances engagement and influences decision-making. However there are still some issues like trust, data privacy and regulatory restrictions that need to be addressed. In conclusion digital marketing has become an important part of pharmaceutical promotion and offers many advantages over traditional methods.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20103103

Strategic Growth Engines: Unraveling The Role Of Special Economic Zones In India.

Authors: Ms. Susmita Kalyani

Abstract: This paper titled "Strategic Growth Engines: Unravelling the Role of Special Economic Zones in India," delves into the various facets of Special Economic Zones (SEZs), which are crucial instruments for fostering economic growth and development in India. This paper attempts to clarify the strategic importance of SEZs in the Indian economic environment by thoroughly examining the historical development, policy frameworks, and modern dynamics of SEZs. One major strategy employed by the government to encourage investment and the growth of the national economy is the creation of Special Economic Zones, or SEZs. India is working towards the objective of establishing SEZs in order to reach the nation's full potential since these areas inherently attract greater international investment in addition to generating jobs and enhancing infrastructure. This paper used a mixed-methods approach that blends qualitative analysis with empirical data to discover the many roles that Special Economic Zones (SEZs) play in attracting FDI, progressing industrialization, and increasing global competitiveness. Understanding the challenges SEZs face and the creative solutions employed to overcome them is a key component of showcasing the adaptability and resilience of these economic engines. The paper explores how SEZs influence the creation of jobs, the transfer of technology, and regional growth, offering insights into the larger socioeconomic ramifications of these strategic zones. By providing varied viewpoints on the usefulness of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) as accelerators for strategic growth, the study's findings add to the continuing discourse on economic policy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20102685

Assessment Of Returns And Risk For Selected Equity And Debt Mutual Fund Schemes In India (2021-2025)

Authors: Ruchita Suresh Lokhande, Prof. Rahul Waghmare, Dr. Vinod Sayankar

Abstract: This study examines how select equity and debt mutual funds in India performed from 2021 to 2025. It compares returns, risk, and overall performance between the two types. Researchers used data from sources like AMFI, Value Research Online, NSE India, and ET Money. Performance metrics include CAGR, Standard Deviation, Beta, Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, and Jensen's Alpha. Equity mutual funds earned returns of 15.93% to 20.28% per year but showed greater volatility. Debt mutual funds provided returns between 2.44% and 10.53% and carried lower risk. When comparing risk and return, equity funds outperformed on Sharpe and Treynor ratios. Jensen’s Alpha indicated that equity fund managers were effective. The study recommends considering your risk tolerance, investment timeframe, and financial goals when making investment decisions. It also suggests that investing in both types of funds can help you achieve results with the least risk.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20102723

“A Study on Role of Labor Laws in Shaping Wage Structure, Working Hours, and Leave Policies at Pirangut, Pune.”

Authors: Sayali Ramdas Bhise, Prof. Minakshi chawthamhal

Abstract: Labor laws play a crucial role in protecting employees and maintaining a fair, safe, and well-regulated working environment. These laws are designed to ensure that employees are treated ethically and are not subjected to exploitation in the workplace. They regulate key aspects of employment such as wage structure, working hours, leave policies, job security, and overall employee welfare. In a rapidly developing industrial environment, the proper implementation of labor laws becomes essential for maintaining a balance between employer expectations and employee rights. The present study aims to analyze the role of labor laws in shaping employee working conditions, with special reference to the industrial area of Pirangut, Pune. The study focuses on understanding how labor laws influence wage structure, regulate working hours, and define leave policies in organizations. It also examines the level of awareness among employees regarding labor laws and evaluates how effectively these laws are implemented in real workplace situations. The research is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 respondents working in various organizations, including manufacturing units, private firms, and office-based setups. Secondary data was gathered from research papers, journals, books, and reliable online sources. The collected data was analyzed using percentage methods, tabular representation, and graphical tools to derive meaningful insights. The findings of the study reveal that a majority of employees are aware of basic labor laws and believe that these laws play a significant role in ensuring fair wages, proper regulation of working hours, and availability of leave benefits. Most respondents agree that labor laws contribute to improving work-life balance, employee satisfaction, and overall workplace discipline. However, the study also identifies certain gaps in implementation, particularly in smaller organizations, where employees may not receive all benefits as per legal provisions. Additionally, a lack of detailed awareness about specific rights and provisions still exists among some employees. The study concludes that labor laws have a significant and positive impact on employee welfare and organizational practices. Proper implementation and increased awareness can further strengthen their effectiveness, leading to better working conditions, reduced conflicts, and enhanced productivity. The research highlights the need for continuous monitoring, awareness programs, and strict compliance to ensure that the benefits of labor laws reach every employee.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20102882

“A Study On Consumer Perception And Marketing Strategies Of Online Pharmacies In India”

Authors: Rathod Yash Sanjay

Abstract: India's healthcare landscape has seen significant transformation in recent years, largely due to the rise of online pharmacies.Prior to this shift, individuals relied on local medical stores for their medicines, which often involved inconvenient trips, limited choices, and unclear pricing. However, with widespread internet access, the prevalence of smartphones, and the convenience of digital payments, purchasing medicines online has become more accessible.Online pharmacies allow users to order medicines and health products from the comfort of their homes, offering doorstep delivery, discounts, a wide range of choices, and easy price comparisons.Some platforms even provide additional services like virtual consultations, digital prescriptions, and informative health content. This study explores how consumers perceive online pharmacies and examines their marketing approaches.The focus is on aspects that influence buyers: convenience, price, trust, service quality, and promotional offers.The research is based on 100 survey responses, along with data from reports, academic journals, and online sources.The data was analyzed using charts and percentage breakdowns.Key findings indicate that young, educated individuals have rapidly adopted online pharmacies due to their ease of use and the consistent availability of medicines.However, some consumers remain hesitant due to concerns about privacy, the authenticity of medicines, and delivery delays.In summary, the potential for online pharmacies in India is vast.To continue their growth, these businesses need to build trust, ensure product quality, and enhance their marketing strategies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20102954

The Nexus Between Green Finance, Sustainability Innovation, And Corporate Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence From Nifty 100 Companies

Authors: R Srinivasan, M Mithun Kanth, Suriya N, Pradhappriyan S, Harish M, Professor Dr. Thiruchelvi

Abstract: This study aims at exploring the impact of the GF allocation on the financial performance of Nifty 100 listed firms in India in the fiscal year 2023-2024. Based on the stakeholder theory perspective, the study attempts to find out the nature of the link between GF allocation and financial performance by considering SI as the mediating variable and firm size as a moderating boundary condition. The study utilizes secondary data of 100 large-cap firms of India, collected from the audited financial statements, SEBI BRSR guidelines, and Climate Bond Initiative (CBI) India registry. Hierarchical ordinary least squares regression, Baron and Kenny's mediation model, Sobel test, and 2,000 iteration bootstrap are used for statistical analysis. The results indicate that GF allocation positively influences ROA with an additional explained variance of 15.44% beyond the influence of control variables (ΔR² = 0.154, p < 0.001). However, sustainability innovation does not play a mediating role between GF allocation and ROA because the confidence interval of the indirect effect overlaps zero, and hence the null hypothesis is accepted.. The size of the firm emerged as an important negative predictor of ROA, but the interaction of green finance with the firm size was insignificant, implying that being a large-sized firm does not necessarily mean that green capital leads to improved innovation or performance results. One of the more interesting results obtained in the analysis was that firms issuing green bonds had significantly lower average ROA than those firms not issuing green bonds (3.45% and 12.20%, respectively). This is more of a result of the heavy capital and asset requirements of the industries in which green bond issues are frequent, rather than any disadvantage due to green investments. The overall results provide new insights into the burgeoning field of research on green finance in India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20103120

A Study On The Adoption Of FinTech Services And Its Influence On Banking Performance

Authors: Samruddhi Sudhakar Nikambe, Prof. CS. Jayamala Katkar

Abstract: This study examines how advanced money management benefit quality affects customer reliability. Understanding customer recognition has become essential for banks because to the rapid growth of computerized account management systems like UPI, web keeping money, and flexible keeping money. The ponder is based on crucial data gathered from 100 respondents via a structured survey. Important benefit quality metrics were examined, including effectiveness, security, responsiveness, ease of use, and unwavering quality. The Descriptive analysis test, harsh score, and factual devices counting rate assessment were used. The findings reveal a crucial connection between client reliability and benefit quality. Security and usability were determined to have the most significant impact of all the variables.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20117366

Role Of Direct Marketing In Customer Acquisition And Retention

Authors: Monali Rajendra Barmase, Prof. Amruta kamat

Abstract: In the modern business environment, organizations face increasing competition in attracting new customers while maintaining long-term relationships with existing ones. Direct marketing has emerged as an effective marketing strategy that enables businesses to communicate directly with customers through channels such as email marketing, telemarketing, SMS, social media, and personalized digital campaigns. The present research paper examines the role of direct marketing in customer acquisition and customer retention, with reference to practical observations from Synture Solutions Ltd. The study is based on primary and secondary data collected through a structured questionnaire and review of literature. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using convenience sampling. The findings indicate that direct marketing significantly influences customer behavior, improves customer engagement, strengthens customer loyalty, and contributes to business growth. Personalized communication, timely interaction, and effective use of digital platforms were found to be major contributors to customer acquisition and retention. The study concludes that organizations adopting customer-focused and data-driven direct marketing strategies can achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20117701

Economic Value And Battery Reliability As Determinants Of Post-Purchase Satisfaction Among Electric Vehicle Users: Evidence From Haryana

Authors: Jitender, Mdu Rohtak., Dr.Jai Pal Sharma

Abstract: This research examines the influence of economic value and battery reliability on post-purchase satisfaction among electric vehicle users in Haryana. The study is based on primary survey responses collected from 480 electric vehicle owners/primary users across six administrative divisions of Haryana. The analysis focuses on two validated product-quality dimensions: Battery Efficiency and Operating Reliability and Economy and Value Assessment. The results show that Economy and Value Assessment is the strongest product-quality dimension, with a mean score of 3.94 and the highest standardized regression coefficient β = 0.301, p < 0.001. Battery Efficiency and Operating Reliability is the second strongest dimension, with a mean score of 3.89 and standardized regression coefficient β = 0.247, p < 0.001. The findings prove that EV users in Haryana are most satisfied when electric vehicles provide clear running-cost savings, good value for money, dependable battery performance, adequate driving range and reliable daily-use performance.

A Study on Loan Processing and Credit Management in Public Sector Banks in Pune

Authors: Samruddhi Shrikant Humnabadkar, Professor Sonal Sharma

Abstract: This research study focuses on loan processing and credit management in public sector banks in Pune. Public sector banks play a vital role in providing financial support to individuals and businesses. Efficient loan processing and effective credit management are important for reducing credit risk, improving profitability, and ensuring customer satisfaction. In the modern banking environment, banks face challenges such as rising non-performing assets (NPAs), increasing competition, and changing customer expectations. The main objective of this study is to analyze the loan processing procedures and credit management practices followed by public sector banks in Pune. The study also examines factors affecting loan approval, repayment, and recovery systems. Primary data is collected through questionnaires from bank employees and customers, while secondary data is collected from reports, journals, and banking websites.The study highlights the importance of proper credit appraisal, documentation, and monitoring systems in improving banking performance and minimizing bad debts. The findings may help banks strengthen their credit management policies and improve operational efficiency.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20120054

Impact of Social Media Usage on Students’ Academic Performance

Authors: Kshirsagar Ishwari Sanjay, Tejaswini Tulshiram Gangurde, Smt. S.G. Patil, Smt. S. M. Pawar

Abstract: This study explores the effect of social media usage on students’ academic performance. A sample of 50 undergraduate students from K.s.k.w cidco college Nashik participated through an online questionnaire. The study measured daily social media time, multitasking habits, and academic percentage. Analysis using Excel showed a small negative correlation between social media usage and academic performance. Students who spent more time on social media or used it while studying reported slightly lower marks. The findings suggest that moderate, study-oriented social media use may be beneficial, while excessive use harms focus and productivity.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20121015

A Study on Factors Influencing Investment Decisions of Individuals Investor

Authors: Rushikesh Vasudev Patil, CS Jaymala Katkar

Abstract: This research examines the different elements that affect individual investors when making investment decisions. The study will utilize a descriptive research design and will be complemented by data gathered from pertinent secondary literature, in addition to primary data collected from 100 participants via a structured questionnaire. Employing descriptive statistical analysis techniques, such as mean and standard deviation, will allow the study to investigate how demographic, economic, behavioral, and financial literacy factors impact investment decisions. The study's results show that demographic factors like age, income, and education have a significant effect on investment behavior, as participants from various backgrounds exhibit differing risk appetites and preferences. It is also observed that while interest rates influence investment decision making to a relatively low degree, economic factors, especially income level, inflation, market conditions, and tax advantages significantly impact investment choices. Behavioral and psychological influences significantly influence investor choices in that market trends, fear of losses, peer pressure, and self-confidence significantly influence investment decision-making processes. Further, it is also evident that financial understanding and literacy play a huge role in investing decision making. Those who have high levels of financial literacy will usually keep track of their investments, consult with financial experts, and make the right decisions. However, it has been seen that not all investors perform proper risk analysis before making any investment decisions. Generally, this study concludes that factors that lead to investment decisions are behavioral and rational, and increasing financial awareness could result in sensible investment decisions.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/20121413

A Study on the Impact of Employee Engagement on Productivity among Faculty Members

Authors: Kavita Ashok Waghmare, Prof. Asif Naikwadi, Dr.Sandeep Salunkhe

Abstract: Employee engagement has become one of the most important factors influencing organizational performance, especially in educational institutions where faculty members play a critical role in shaping student development and institutional success. Employee engagement refers to the emotional commitment, motivation, involvement, and enthusiasm employees have toward their work and organization. Engaged faculty members are more productive, innovative, and committed to achieving institutional goals. This research paper examines the impact of employee engagement on productivity among faculty members in educational institutions. The study focuses on understanding the relationship between engagement factors such as recognition, leadership support, motivation, work-life balance, and productivity outcomes including teaching effectiveness, task completion, student interaction, and overall performance. The study is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaires from 100 faculty members. Secondary data has also been collected from journals, books, research papers, and online sources related to employee engagement and Human Resource Management. The findings of the study indicate that employee engagement has a significant positive impact on faculty productivity. A majority of respondents agreed that emotional connection with the institution, motivation, recognition, and supportive leadership improve their performance and efficiency. However, challenges such as workload pressure and work-life imbalance were also identified. The study concludes that educational institutions should focus on employee engagement strategies to improve productivity, faculty satisfaction, and institutional effectiveness. The research also provides practical suggestions for management and HR departments to enhance engagement among faculty members.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134037

A Study on a the Kotak Digital Banking and Customer Satisfaction

Authors: Neha Dilip Ahir

Abstract: The impact of digital banking services on customer satisfaction with Kotak Mahindra Bank. With the rapid adoption of digital technologies in the banking sector, customers increasingly rely on mobile and internet banking platforms for their financial transactions. The research focuses on evaluating the effectiveness, convenience, security, and service quality of Kotak digital banking offerings, including mobile banking applications, internet banking, and digital payment system.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134335

A Study of Warehouse Management System in a Logistics Company

Authors: Aadarsh Kailas Gaikwad, Dr. Pradyuman Shastri

Abstract: This study examines the role and effectiveness of a Warehouse Management System (WMS) in improving operational efficiency within a logistics company. The research focuses on how WMS technology supports inventory control, order processing, storage optimization, and real-time tracking of goods in warehouse operations. The study analyzes the implementation process, benefits, and challenges associated with the use of WMS in logistics management. Data collected from company operations and employee feedback indicate that the adoption of a Warehouse Management System significantly improves accuracy, reduces operational costs, minimizes delivery delays, and enhances customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of automation and digital integration in modern supply chain management. The findings suggest that an effective WMS contributes to better decision-making, improved productivity, and competitive advantage in the logistics industry. The study concludes that logistics companies should continuously upgrade and integrate advanced warehouse technologies to meet growing market demands and improve overall supply chain performance.

DOI: http://doi.org/

A Study On The Role Of Health Insurance In Financial Planning Of Individuals

Authors: Rutuja Santosh Badak, Prof. Minakshi Chauthamahal

Abstract: Trademark disputes involving property names are growing rapidly in recent years. Builders, developers, and real estate companies give unique attractive names to housing projects, apartments, malls, and commercial complexes to add brand value. Such names at times have been registered as trademarks. In case of identical or similar property names being used by different parties, such circumstances may cause confusion among consumers. This paper provides an overview of the concept of trademarks over property names, the legal mechanism regarding disputes arising, important judicial precedents that have been decided, and enunciate certain problems in enforcement. This paper highlights trademark law's protection for property names and balancing of commercial interests with public rights.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20152590

“A Study of Customer Perception towards Life Insurance Policies with Special Reference to Katraj, Pune”

Authors: Dr. Nisha Wagh, Mayuri Pradip Kulkarni

Abstract: This study examines customer perception towards life insurance policies in Katraj, Pune. It focuses on awareness, preferences, and factors influencing customers’ decisions. Data is collected through questionnaires and secondary sources. The study finds that trust, service quality, and timely claim settlement are key factors affecting customer perception. It concludes that better service and transparency can improve customer satisfaction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20155733

Underlying Factors Attracting Early Marriages Among Teenagers In Learning Institutions In The Three Samples Day Public Secondary Schools In Mpulungu District Of Northern Province Of Zambia

Authors: Muda Beatrice Chrwa

Abstract: Collective and conceited local and international efforts related to the addressing of irregular practices such as teenage pregnancies have been primarily constituted, but to no avail, marriage of girls below 18 years of age is common worldwide and affects masses of globe communities. Child marriage, defined as marriage of a child below 18 years of age is an ancient worldwide custom. Other terms applied to child marriage include "early marriage" and "child brides." Child marriage is a human rights violation that prevents girls from obtaining an education, enjoying optimal health, bonding with others of their own age, maturing, and ultimately choosing their own life partners. Child marriage is driven by poverty, religious beliefs, security of the child to mention just a few. This thesis therefore will clearly locate the drives of child marriages in Mpulungu district pointing out also the effects on girls' health: increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases, death during childbirth, and obstetric fistulas, school dropout, domestic violence, child sexual abuse and poverty. Critical issues are the high prevalence of chronic diseases among young people; childbearing by young girls, which can lead to obstetric fistulas and death of the mother; and child marriage Girls' offspring are at increased risk for premature birth and death as neonates, infants, or children. To stop child marriage, this study will try to point out possible strategies or policies and programs that must be implemented like educate communities, raise awareness through civil societies and relevant line government ministries, engage local and religious leaders, involve parents, and empower girls through education and employment. Awareness of reproductive health issues in most affected areas in developing nations is of paramount importance to combat the problem of child marriages. The related and relevant data will also be collected through individual interviews, checking of school records and questionnaires.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20175178

“Role Of Mutual Fund In Promoting Retail Investment In India

Authors: Sonali Gangadhar Pholane, Prof. CS. Jayamala Katkar

Abstract: In recent years, mutual funds have become an important instrument for encouraging retail investment in India, particularly among small and new investors. Traditionally, Indian households relied on safer investment options such as fixed deposits, gold, and real estate due to limited financial knowledge and risk concerns. However, the growing impact of financial education initiatives, digital investment platforms, and Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) has gradually reshaped investment behaviour. This study examines how mutual funds promote retail participation by offering diversified portfolios, professional management, and cost-effective investment opportunities. They simplify stock market participation, making it easier for individuals with limited financial expertise to invest. The research also highlights the role of regulatory support, rising internet usage, and mobile-based investment platforms in expanding the investor base in India. Additionally, the study evaluates key advantages of mutual funds, including diversification, liquidity, and disciplined savings habits, while also identifying challenges such as market uncertainty, low trust in financial markets, and lack of awareness in rural regions. The findings indicate that mutual funds have significantly contributed to shifting investor preferences from traditional savings methods to market-linked financial instruments.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20176756

The Synergy Of Data Science And Digital Marketing: Strategic Applications, Challenges, And Future Directions

Authors: Dr. N. Amudha, Dr. P. V. Rajeswari

Abstract: In the contemporary digital era, the convergence of Data Science and Digital Marketing has fundamentally transformed how organizations compete, operate, and engage with customers. Data Science enables the extraction of actionable intelligence from large, complex datasets, while Digital Marketing leverages these insights to design targeted and measurable marketing strategies. This paper presents a conceptual review examining the role of Data Science in enhancing Digital Marketing practices, with emphasis on key applications including customer segmentation, predictive analytics, personalization, sentiment analysis, market basket analysis, and campaign optimization. The study also explores the challenges of data privacy, technological complexity, and data fragmentation that impede effective integration of these disciplines. Drawing on systematically reviewed literature from peer-reviewed journals and authoritative textbooks, the paper concludes that the synergistic relationship between Data Science and Digital Marketing leads to improved decision-making, enriched customer experiences, and higher return on investment (ROI). Ethical considerations and future research directions are also identified.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20177866

Navigating The Labyrinth: A Critical Inquiry Into The Multidimensional Problems Confronted By Women Entrepreneurs In MSME Sector With Special Reference To Salem City, Tamil Nadu

Authors: Mrs. A. Asha, Dr. M. Akila

Abstract: Women entrepreneurs occupy a critical, yet structurally underserved, position within India's Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) landscape. Despite constituting nearly 20.37% of all MSME owners in India, women continue to grapple with a complex matrix of financial, social, educational, and institutional barriers that stifle their entrepreneurial potential. This study undertakes a focused empirical investigation into the problems confronted by women entrepreneurs operating in the MSME sector in Salem City, Tamil Nadu — a region that has emerged as a significant industrial hub in Southern India. Using a structured questionnaire administered to 120 women entrepreneurs across micro, small, and medium enterprise categories through purposive and convenience sampling, this research employs descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and mean score analysis to systematically identify and rank the intensity of challenges faced. The findings reveal that limited access to institutional credit and deficit in technical skills represent the most critical constraints, followed by inadequate digital literacy, socio-cultural obligations, and restricted market linkages. Notably, while government schemes such as MUDRA Yojana and Stand-Up India exist, awareness-to-utilisation conversion remains alarmingly low. The study argues that bridging the entrepreneurial gender gap in Salem's MSME ecosystem demands targeted policy interventions, mentorship ecosystems, and a fundamental recalibration of institutional support delivery mechanisms. The paper contributes to the growing body of literature on gendered entrepreneurship in Tier-II Indian cities, offering actionable insights for policymakers, development practitioners, and MSME support agencies.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20178180

Impact Of Paddy Straw Management Practices On Farmers’ Income And Adoption Behavior In Hanumangarh, Rajasthan

Authors: Sukhvinder Singh, Vinod Kumar

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of paddy straw management practices on farmers' income and evaluates the determinants of adoption behavior in the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan. The research aims to quantify the current rate of adoption for various straw management methods and analyze the socio-economic factors influencing these decisions. Key variables examined include farm size, annual income, social participation, and the level of technological awareness among farmers. The findings highlight that adopting sustainable paddy straw management practices leads to the highly efficient utilization of crop residue, significant improvements in soil health, and enhanced financial returns through cost reduction and the commercial sale of straw. Despite these benefits, the study identifies several critical barriers to widespread adoption, including the prohibitive cost of required machinery, a lack of awareness regarding long-term benefits, labor shortages, and the absence of reliable market linkages for straw. The insights derived from this research provide actionable recommendations for policymakers, extension agencies, and agricultural institutions operating in the region. By fostering technological adoption and offering targeted support structures, stakeholders can simultaneously improve farmers' economic livelihoods and mitigate the severe environmental impacts associated with crop residue burning.

The Impact of Green Human Resource Management on Employee Job Satisfaction and Quality of Work Life

Authors: Dr. Shaifali Tripathi, Dr. Manorama Singhade

Abstract: This study examines how Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) practices influence employee job satisfaction and quality of work life (QWL) in Indian organizations. As environmental sustainability gains strategic priority, understanding the human dimensions of green initiatives is essential for both scholars and practitioners. A conceptual and empirical review of published literature from 2010 to 2024 was undertaken. Peer-reviewed articles, institutional reports, and case evidence from manufacturing and service sector organizations were analysed to construct a structured framework linking GHRM practices to employee outcomes. Green HRM practices—spanning environmentally conscious recruitment, green training and development, eco-performance appraisal, and green rewards—positively influence employees' sense of purpose, organizational commitment, and overall job satisfaction. Furthermore, organizations embedding sustainability into their people management strategies report measurable improvements in employees' quality of work life, including reduced role stress, enhanced autonomy, and stronger perceived organizational support. The study synthesizes fragmented evidence into a coherent conceptual model that maps specific GHRM dimensions to job satisfaction and QWL outcomes. It contributes original theoretical propositions and offers actionable recommendations for HR practitioners seeking to align human capital strategy with environmental goals

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20180449

The Impact Of Inventory Management On Procurement Performance In Indias Large Manufacturing Sector.

Authors: Rinki Kumari, Dr Navneet Seth

Abstract: Purpose: In the competitive landscape of the Indian manufacturing sector, procurement efficiency is vital for meeting client demands. However, recent data indicates a concerning 23% increase in procurement performance gaps, leading to widespread stakeholder dissatisfaction. This study investigates the impact of inventory management strategies specifically Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Activity-Based Costing (ABC) on the procurement performance of major manufacturing firms in India. Methodology: The research utilized a descriptive research design targeting procurement authorities within large-scale manufacturing enterprises. Applying the Cooper and Schindler formula, a sample of 187 procurement officers was selected through simple random sampling to ensure unbiased population representation. Data was collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, mean, and standard deviation. Findings & Recommendations: The study underscores a significant correlation between strategic inventory modeling and operational success. The findings suggest that integrating EOQ calculations and ABC frameworks into standard procurement procedures is essential for optimizing costs and performance. It is recommended that major industrial corporations formally embed these strategies into their procurement workflows to mitigate performance deficits.