Volume 3 Issue 6 Nov-Dec 2025

The Impact Of Progressive Income Tax On Income Disparity In India

Authors: Dr.Muddagangaiah KC

Abstract: This paper examines the influence of progressive income taxation on income disparity in India, a nation experiencing rapid economic growth alongside widening socio-economic disparities. Progressive taxation is designed to levy higher rates on individuals with higher incomes, aiming to redistribute wealth and fund public services for lower-income groups. While theoretically effective, its practical impact in India is constrained by tax evasion, a large informal economy, and structural inefficiencies within the tax administration system. This study reviews empirical evidence from Indian government reports, peer-reviewed journals, and international studies to assess the extent to which progressive taxation reduces income disparity. The findings indicate that while progressive taxation has potential, systemic challenges limit its effectiveness. The study proposes policy reforms, including tax simplification, broadening the tax base, improving enforcement, and raising public awareness to enhance the redistributive impact of the tax system.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17606786

Artificial Intelligence In Enhancing Hybrid Mode Of Teaching – Educators Perspective Across Bengaluru City

Authors: Dr. Manjulamma B S, Dr. Raghavendra B S

Abstract: – Responding to the pandemic, universities have been making great strides to improve their students’ online learning experiences. Still, more effort is required, as it always has been. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, educational institutions hastened to improve their online course offerings. A lot of universities have made the hasty decision that it’s best to create an online environment that’s almost identical to the real thing. The decision by some colleges to return to online learning for the last days of the term highlights the need of institutions becoming ready for the future of flexible, hybrid learning, since there has been a significant uptick in these cases. Artificial intelligence (AI) and other types of educational technology may have a significant impact on how schools are structured in the years to come. It is the hope of the proposed research that AI and other forms of educational technology can facilitate a smoother shift from conventional to hybrid classrooms and, by extension, better instruction for students. The project will gather data from the educators using quantitative approaches and a descriptive research style. A master validity statistic-validated, well-structured questionnaire will serve as the data collection tool. A non-probability sampling technique will be used to choose the sample, with a margin of error of 7%. The research will involve two hundred teachers. For the purpose of data analysis, SPSS and AMOS will be utilised. Based on the study’s findings, AI has a major influence on improving hybrid teaching, and different demographics of educators have diverse perspectives on hybrid teaching.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17607088

Economic Perspectives On Science And Society: Towards Sustainable Growth Through Green Technology, Social Innovation, And Policy Integration

Authors: Dr. Ashwini D. N.

Abstract: The interrelationship between science, society, and economics forms the foundation of sustainable development in the 21st century. This paper explores how economic thought integrates scientific innovation, environmental sustainability, and social welfare to create a balanced pathway toward sustainable growth. Emphasizing the economic dimensions of green technology, social innovation, and policy integration, the study highlights how economies can transition from resource-intensive models to inclusive, knowledge-driven systems. It argues that sustainable growth requires not only scientific progress but also economic frameworks that prioritize equity, environmental responsibility, and technological diffusion. The paper concludes by presenting policy recommendations for integrating economic and scientific innovation toward long-term sustainability.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17607119

The Role Of Sustainable Business Practices In Driving Innovation And Responsibility Across Sectors

Authors: Dr.Manjulamma B S

Abstract: In the 21st century, sustainability has evolved from a corporate social responsibility initiative to a central business philosophy driving innovation, competitiveness, and social progress. Sustainable business practices—rooted in environmental stewardship, social equity, and economic viability—are transforming industries and societies across multiple scales, contexts, and disciplines. This paper explores how sustainability-oriented business models influence development at local, national, and global levels. It includes a comprehensive literature review, conceptual framework, objectives, statistical analysis, and findings that demonstrate how sustainability contributes to inclusive growth and resilience.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17607152

The Impact Of Green Finance On Economic Growth: Evidence From Emerging Economies

Authors: Dr. R. Shekhar

Abstract: This paper investigates the role of green finance in fostering economic growth in emerging economies. Green finance—financial flows, instruments and policies directed towards low-carbon, climate-resilient and environmentally sustainable activities—has gained increasing attention as countries strive to reconcile growth and sustainability. Drawing on recent empirical literature and four illustrative case-studies from Brazil, India, Indonesia and South Africa, this article explores the channels through which green finance supports GDP growth, identifies the key challenges faced in emerging markets, and offers suggestions for policymakers to strengthen the green-finance-growth nexus. The findings indicate that green finance contributes positively to economic growth by mobilising investment into renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency, and lowering long-term environmental-risk premia. However, the magnitude and stability of the effect vary significantly across countries, depending on institutional quality, financial market depth and regulatory frameworks. The article concludes with policy recommendations aimed at scaling green finance in emerging economies while safeguarding growth and sustainability.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17607167

A Conceptual Study On Work Life Balance Among Women Entrepreneurs: Strategies And Challenges

Authors: Mrs. P. Kalpana Assistant Professor

Abstract: Work-Life Balance Among Women Entrepreneurs: Strategies and Challenges The pursuit of entrepreneurship presents unique challenges for women, particularly when balancing professional and personal responsibilities. This paper explores the critical issue of work-life balance among women entrepreneurs, highlighting the strategies they employ to manage the dual demands of business ownership and personal life, including family, caregiving and societal expectations. Through a review of existing literature and case studies, the paper identifies the primary challenges faced by women entrepreneurs such as time management, role conflict and societal pressures. It also examines the psychological and emotional impact of these challenges, exploring how the lack of balance can lead to burnout and reduced business productivity. The study further investigates strategies adopted by successful women entrepreneurs, such as leveraging flexible work arrangements, outsourcing tasks, establishing boundaries and seeking support through mentorship and networks. Additionally, it delves into how socio-cultural factors and local policies either exacerbate or alleviate these challenges. The findings of this paper aim to contribute to a broader understanding of how work-life balance affects the success and well-being of women entrepreneurs, offering insights for policy-makers, support organizations and aspiring women entrepreneurs on creating sustainable work-life harmony.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17608203

Skill Training And Job Creation: A Study Of PMKVY Implementation In Karnataka

Authors: R. Harishkumar, Sheren Taj

Abstract: This study investigates the effectiveness of the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) in enhancing youth employment opportunities in Karnataka. Using both primary survey data from 740 beneficiaries and secondary sources such as NSDC, PLFS, KSDC, and district-level evaluations, the paper analyses disparities in regional participation, gender-based outcomes, and the efficiency of training-to-placement pathways across Phases 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. Although more than 9.8 lakh individuals have undergone training under PMKVY in Karnataka, employment results have been inconsistent, with placement success varying considerably across districts. The findings highlight critical bottlenecks, including uneven training infrastructure, mismatched sectoral focus, and persistent challenges in aligning skills supply with labour market demand

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17615881

Green Finance And Investment Trends In India: Opportunities And Challenges

Authors: Sheren Taj, R. Harishkumar

Abstract: A sustainable future is largely shaped by the nexus of science, society, and business. Commerce needs to be in line with scientific advancements and social values as the world economy shifts toward sustainability. This article examines how scientific developments—such as environmental biotechnology, digital transformation, and renewable energy—are influencing sustainable business practices. Additionally, it looks at how corporate social responsibility (CSR), ethical consumerism, and public awareness are changing the business environment. The study emphasizes how science and society may work together to build resilient, inclusive, and ecologically responsible commerce.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17615910

Advancing Sustainability Through The Synergy Of Science, Society And Commerce

Authors: Dr. Bhagyajyothi S Kannur

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17615921

Effect of Mobile Payment Options on Customer Satisfaction in Indian E-Commerce

Authors: Dr. Ravikumar B.

Abstract: The rapid digital transformation in India’s retail sector has accelerated the adoption of mobile payment systems such as UPI, digital wallets, and integrated payment gateways. This paper examines the impact of mobile payment options on customer satisfaction in Indian e-commerce. With the growth of digital literacy, affordable smartphones, and the “Digital India” initiative, mobile payment platforms have become essential to the online shopping experience. The study analyzes how convenience, transaction security, speed, and payment diversity influence consumer satisfaction. Four case studies—Amazon India, Flipkart, Paytm Mall, and Myntra—illustrate how varying payment strategies affect customer loyalty and trust. Findings indicate that seamless and secure mobile payment experiences significantly enhance satisfaction, while payment failures, refund delays, and limited interoperability remain key challenges. The paper concludes that mobile payment innovations will continue to shape customer expectations and competitive advantage in India’s e-commerce ecosystem.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17616738

“The Interrelationship Between Education And Economic Development: An Analysis Of Investment Patterns”

Authors: Dr. Sushma A R

Abstract: Education plays a vital role in human capital formation and economic growth. This study examines the relationship between educational investment, enrolment, and human capital development in India and Karnataka using data from 2000–2021 and a primary survey in Mysuru. Results show a strong positive correlation between government expenditure and enrolment, though gender and income disparities persist. Wealth and parental education significantly influence academic success. The study recommends increasing education spending, promoting gender equity, and enhancing quality through inclusive policies and public–private collaboration. Education must be treated as an investment for sustainable development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17617740

The Cognitive Analysis of Downsizing Alternatives: The Employee Perspective.

Authors: Dr Meghna Sharma, Dr Namita Yash

Abstract: This research paper tries to identify the different possible alternative methods to avoid the retrenchment activities by the management in their organisations. The objective is fulfilled by analysing the responses received to the questionnaire. The descriptive analysis has been done to work out the alternatives to downsizing in a systematic manner. It’s the employee’s perspective by which the research can be concluded by providing the rational alternatives to avoid the layoffs. The alternatives can be stated as overall cost cutting, internal cost cutting, reduced working hours and restructuring.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17629239

Corporate Governance Disclosures And Financial Performance Of Listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) In Nigeria

Authors: Aruna Ishola Mamidu, 2Ebenezer Adedayo Adepoju, Henry Kehinde Fasua

Abstract: This study examines the effect of corporate governance disclosures on the financial performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to assess the relationship between board structure, audit committee independence, and ownership structure on financial performance, measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and utilized secondary data obtained from nine (9) listed banks on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) covering the period 2013–2023. Data were analyzed using the Panel EGLS (Random Effects) regression model after conducting diagnostic tests, including correlation and unit root analyses. The empirical findings revealed that board structure (β = 0.3695; p = 0.0042) exerts a positive and significant influence on financial performance, implying that well-structured and moderately sized boards enhance decision-making efficiency and profitability. Conversely, audit committee independence (β = –0.5076; p = 0.0004) showed a negative and significant effect on ROA, suggesting that excessive independence without corresponding expertise may weaken oversight effectiveness. Similarly, ownership structure (β = –0.8229; p = 0.0163) exhibited a negative and significant relationship with ROA, indicating that concentrated ownership may reduce transparency and accountability, thereby hindering performance. The model recorded an R² of 0.6633 and an F-statistic of 12.1616 (p < 0.01), confirming overall model significance. The study concludes that sound corporate governance practices particularly balanced board composition, competent audit committees, and equitable ownership structures are vital for improving the profitability and sustainability of Nigerian DMBs. It recommends that regulatory authorities such as the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) should strengthen governance frameworks by ensuring competency-based board appointments, enhancing audit committee technical capacity, and promoting broader ownership participation to foster transparency, accountability, and better financial outcomes in the banking sector.

Sacred Journeys Of Southeast Asia – Thailand’s Role In Shaping Religious Tourism Across The ASEAN Economic Community

Authors: Dr. Aphisavadh Sirivadhanawaravachara

Abstract: This research looks at how religious tourism started and grew in Southeast Asia, paying close attention to Thailand’s role in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). By checking out Thailand’s Buddhist background, routes for religious trips, holy places, and festivals, the study shows how the country is a spiritual spot and a starting point for sacred trips across borders. Using examples like Chiang Mai and Nong Khai, plus teamwork and plans across ASEAN, the paper breaks down how Thailand helps with cultural sharing, money growth, and spiritual links in the region. It also talks about problems with keeping things going, planning rules, and getting the word out, giving ideas on how religious tourism can help regional progress, cultural exchange, and national identity. The study uses a SWOT analysis, stories from the past and present, and looks at regional rules to suggest a good model for religious tourism that balances tradition and change.

Can Changes In The Exchange Rate Be Considered As Appropriate Policy To Improve The Trade Balance For Angola’s Economy? A Test Of The Marshall-Lerner Condition.

Authors: Luindula António Chaves Miguel

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to investigate the validity of the Marshall-Lerner condition for the Angolan economy. That is, to test the effect of the change in the exchange rate on the trade balance, taking into account the concept of the Marshall-Lerner condition, according to which the sum of the elasticities of imports and exports must be greater than one, for a change in the exchange rate to have effects on the country’s trade balance. From the research carried out, there is no evidence that there is an empirical study on the trade elasticities or Marshall-Lerner condition for the economy of Angola. Thus, this article intends to analyze, making an empirical analysis of the Marshall Lerner condition, whether the elasticities of imports and exports in Angola are high enough to justify a change in the exchange rate as an appropriate policy to improve the country’s trade balance situation. Since the transaction of the centralized economy model in the early 90s, the country has already seen several stages regarding the functioning of the economy and the functioning of the exchange rate regime itself. The transition from the floating exchange rate regime administered before 2017 to the fixed exchange rate regime that was in force in 2017, which in turn gave way to the floating exchange rate regime by bands in 2018 and later the adoption of the floating regime in October 2019 is one of the most striking milestones in the implementation of exchange rate policies in the country, which led to the definition of the period 1990-2024 using annual data to the variables selected for the elaboration of the present study. A log-log model was used to estimate separate equations of the elasticity of exports and imports. The results of the study suggest that the sum of the price elasticity of export and import demand is less than one, which indicates that, in the period analyzed, an exchange rate depreciation does not necessarily improve the trade balance in a short-term analysis.

Green Banking Initiatives In India: Towards A Sustainable Financial Ecosystem

Authors: Nayana R, Dr. Manukumar H P

Abstract: Green banking refers to environmentally responsible banking practices that promote sustainable economic growth while minimizing the ecological footprint of banking operations. In India, the concept of green banking has gained importance as financial institutions are increasingly recognizing their role in addressing environmental and social challenges. This article explores the evolution, significance, and implementation of green banking initiatives in India. It discusses major policies, programs, and contributions of leading banks, the role of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), challenges faced in mainstreaming green banking, and future prospects for sustainable finance.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17649394

The Effectiveness Of Different Marketing Strategies Across Demographics: A Focus On Generation Z

Authors: Dr. Shubhangi Shukla

Abstract: In the modern marketing landscape, businesses are increasingly recognizing the need to tailor strategies according to demographic differences, especially in relation to Generation Z (born between 1997–2012). This study examines the effectiveness of various marketing strategies across demographic segments, focusing particularly on Generation Z. Using a mixed-method approach involving a survey of 150 respondents from different age groups, the study evaluates the impact of digital marketing, influencer marketing, traditional advertising, and experiential marketing. The results reveal that Generation Z demonstrates a higher responsiveness to digital and influencer-based marketing, while older generations still rely more on traditional media. The findings provide valuable insights for marketers to optimize campaigns according to demographic preferences.

Algorithmic Fairness In Product Recommendations: An Empirical Study Of Bias In Indian E-Commerce Platforms

Authors: Aswathanarayana A, Dr. Muddagangaiah K C

Abstract: Artificial intelligence now sits at the heart of e-commerce, shaping which products show up on our screens and, in turn, who makes the sale. In India, where online shopping is booming, there’s a big question hanging in the air: Are these algorithms fair, especially to smaller or local sellers? Big brands have muscle, but do they also get an algorithmic boost, pushing the little guys further into the background? This study digs into that, focusing on Indian platforms like Amazon India and Flipkart. We got hands-on—scraping product data, building a bunch of different user profiles, and running the numbers using fairness metrics. Our goal? To see if these systems consistently push big brands to the top while leaving small or regional sellers in the dust. We set up controlled accounts with different browsing histories and fake demographics to mimic a real mix of shoppers. Then, we tracked which products showed up, where, and for whom. On top of the stats, we talked to small sellers themselves to hear how they experience the system, what they see, and how it’s hitting their bottom line. What did we find? The numbers point to a clear visibility bias: established brands get more exposure, and small sellers get crowded out. This isn’t always intentional, but it’s real—and it can deepen market inequality without anyone really noticing. To fix it, we lay out a re-ranking framework that levels the playing field, giving smaller sellers a fairer shot without tanking recommendation quality. At the end of the day, our work adds to the bigger debate on ethical AI and fair digital markets, showing both policymakers and e-commerce managers what’s really happening—and what they can do about it.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17660253

Customized Training Programs and Its Impact on Employee Participation

Authors: Dr. Manjunatha S R

Abstract: Customized training programs are becoming a cornerstone of modern workforce development, reflecting the growing demand for learning that is tailored to individual needs, skills, and aspirations. Unlike traditional one-size-fits-all models, customized training focuses on aligning learning content with employees’ current roles, future career goals, and preferred learning styles. This approach not only enhances the relevance and effectiveness of training but also has a significant impact on employee participation. When employees feel that training directly supports their professional growth, they are more likely to invest effort, stay motivated, and maintain a positive attitude toward their organization. Customization in training provides employees with autonomy, allowing them to choose learning paths that resonate with their strengths and address their weaknesses. It also promotes inclusivity by recognizing diverse backgrounds, learning preferences, and aspirations within the workforce. This sense of ownership fosters accountability and strengthens the bond between employees and the organization. Furthermore, customized training builds confidence by enabling employees to develop practical, job- related skills they can immediately apply, while also preparing them for future roles. From an organizational perspective, these programs contribute to higher retention and loyalty by reducing skill gaps, preventing stagnation, and signaling a long-term commitment to employee success. They also encourage collaboration, belonging, and shared progress across teams, which enhances workplace culture. Ultimately, customized training creates a mutually beneficial environment where employees grow as individuals while the organization builds a skilled, motivated, and engaged workforce.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17667763

Can Changes In The Exchange Rate Be Considered As Appropriate Policy To Improve The Trade Balance For Angola’s Economy? A Test Of The Marshall-Lerner Condition.

Authors: Luindula António Chaves Miguel

Going Green – A Step Towards Sustainability

Authors: Chayadevi Kamala. V, Dr. Sathyanarayana

Abstract: The gravity and immediacy of environment issues like global warming and climate change has put not only the planet’s health but also the long-term viability of business across industries at stake (2). It progressively crucial for businesses to green especially if they want to keep up with consumer demand and the global initiative to alleviate climate change (1). By embracing sustainable practices and strategies, companies can significantly reduce their environmental footprint and contribute to a healthier planet (2). Therefore, going green serves as a vital strategy for companies and industries to reduce environmental harm and drive long-term resilience. This article aims to evaluate the impact of green practices and explores how leading corporations like Tesla, Patagonia, Google, Unilever, and IKEA are implementing green initiatives that contribute to sustainable environment. By the means of statistical analysis of environmental performance metrics, profitability trends, and sustainability investment data, this study presents evidence that businesses which implement going green not only benefit the plane but also yields positive economic returns.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17680469

The Role Of Green Investment In Long-Term GDP Growth

Authors: Dr. S.R. Hanumantharaya

Abstract: Green investment has become one of the defining economic strategies of the 21st century. As climate change accelerates and global economies transition toward low-carbon systems, investments in renewable energy, green infrastructure, clean technologies, and environmental resilience increasingly shape national and global economic trajectories. This research article examines how green investment affects long-term GDP growth through the channels of innovation, productivity enhancement, job creation, structural transformation, capital deepening, and climate resilience. The article synthesizes cross-country empirical evidence, economic theories, and contemporary global trends from 2020–2025. It concludes that green investment is not only a climate necessity but a potent economic growth engine—particularly when supported by effective policy, strong institutions, and sustainable financing mechanisms.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17680640

Behavioral Biases And Investment Decisions: An Empirical Study On Retail Investors In India

Authors: Paturi Maruthi Sharath, M. Babaiah Reddy

Abstract: The rapid growth of financial markets in India has led to a substantial increase in participation from retail investors. However, investment choices made by individuals frequently deviate from rational decision-making models, largely due to psychological and emotional influences. This study investigates the extent to which behavioral biases affect the investment decisions of retail investors in India. It specifically explores the impact of overconfidence, herd behaviour, loss aversion, anchoring, and mental accounting on investment preferences, risk perception, and portfolio selection. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to retail investors across major metropolitan cities such as Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Mumbai, and Delhi, using a convenience sampling method. The dataset was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modelling to examine the strength of the relationships between identified behavioural biases and investment decisions. The results indicate that overconfidence and herd behaviour significantly influence speculative and short-term trading tendencies, while loss aversion plays a critical role in determining risk appetite and investment safety choices. Anchoring bias was identified as a key factor affecting timing decisions regarding stock entry and exit. The findings underscore the importance of promoting financial literacy, behavioural awareness, and transparent advisory practices to encourage rational and disciplined investment behaviour. The study offers meaningful insights for regulators, policy makers, investment advisors, and financial institutions aiming to enhance investor protection and improve the efficiency of capital markets. Overall, the research emphasizes that recognizing and addressing behavioural biases is essential for strengthening retail investor decision-making and ensuring sustained and responsible participation in India’s financial markets.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17680789

Strategic Environmental Compliance In Warehousing: Integrating Regulation, Sustainability, And Organizational Legitimacy

Authors: Justin Paul Iacouzzi

Abstract: Environmental compliance in warehousing has become a strategic priority as incidents, such as major automated warehouse fires, underscore risks to property, personnel, and the surrounding environment. Regulatory enforcement by agencies like the EPA, which secured billion in penalties from 2011 to 2021, demonstrates the substantial impact and necessity of regulatory oversight for pollution reduction and community protection. Injury rates in warehouses have surged concurrently with the rise of automation and the expansion of logistics operations, amplifying demands for updated environmental management systems and robust safety protocols. Key federal regulations—including the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), Clean Air Act, and DOT Hazardous Materials Regulations—establish foundational requirements for safe handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous materials. State-level initiatives, especially California’s Warehouse Indirect Source Rule (ISR), further drive industry transformation by incentivizing investment in sustainable technologies and enhanced compliance mechanisms. Environmental compliance practices safeguard diverse stakeholders: employees benefit from improved health and safety, communities are protected from hazardous emissions and spills, and warehouse operators mitigate financial and reputational risks while supporting operational integrity and business continuity. These practices also extend beyond facility boundaries, affecting supply chain management, sourcing, procurement, and sustainability reporting. The evolution of environmental compliance, rooted in mid-20th-century environmental regulatory movements, now integrates continuous review cycles, advanced technologies, and rigorous reporting aligned with global sustainability standards. Strategic environmental compliance not only ensures legal and ethical adherence, but also fosters innovation, corporate accountability, and competitive resilience as warehousing adapts to increasingly stringent environmental expectations.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17720274

Impact Of GST 2.0 Reforms On The Indian Economy

Authors: Dr. Balaji N P

Abstract: The 2025 “GST 2.0” reforms represent the most significant overhaul of India’s Goods and Services Tax regime since its introduction in 2017. The reform simplifies the earlier multi-slab structure (0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28% + cess) into essentially two principal slabs of 5% and 18%, with a 40% demerit rate for select sin and luxury goods, while maintaining a few special rates such as 0% and 3% for specific items. This paper examines the anticipated and early observed impact of GST 2.0 on growth, inflation, sectoral performance, household welfare, fiscal stability, and federal relations. Using secondary data from government factsheets, think-tank reports, and early academic assessments, the study finds that GST 2.0 is likely to reduce tax incidence for most households, stimulate consumption in key sectors such as FMCG, automobiles, housing, healthcare and insurance, while imposing higher burdens on sin and luxury goods.However, the reform also raises concerns over medium-term fiscal risks for the Centre and states, inverted duty structures in specific niches, and the need for robust anti-profiteering and dispute-resolution mechanisms. The paper concludes that the net impact of GST 2.0 is growth-positive and welfare-enhancing, but its long-term success will depend on careful calibration of rates, timely refunds, and cooperative federalism.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17699242

Impact Of Inflation On Investment With Special Reference To Gold And Silver

Authors: Dr Gnanadeva S

Abstract: This paper examines how inflation affects investment decisions with particular focus on two precious metals: gold and silver. The study reviews theoretical mechanisms (store-of-value, real return erosion, monetary policy response), surveys empirical evidence from cross-country and time-series studies, and discusses practical portfolio implications for investors and policymakers. While many studies find that gold (and to a lesser extent silver) can act as a partial hedge against inflation in certain periods, the literature shows that the relationship is time-varying, regime-dependent, and affected by other determinants such as interest rates, currency movements and industrial demand. The paper concludes with recommendations for asset allocation under inflationary scenarios and areas for future research.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17699277

‘A Study On Non-Performing Assets And Their Implications For Financial Stability In Commercial Banking’

Authors: Mr. Nitin Jayshankar Tiwari

Abstract: Non-performing assets (NPAs) continue to threaten the financial soundness of commercial banks. Elevated NPA levels erode capital buffers, depress profitability, limit banks’ ability to extend new credit, and introduce systemic risks across the financial system. This study assesses the impact of NPAs on financial stability by drawing on theoretical perspectives, empirical findings, and regulatory policy responses. The evidence shows that high NPA ratios weaken liquidity and solvency and undermine market and depositor confidence, creating the risk of prolonged structural instability if left unresolved. Strengthening loan underwriting and monitoring, accelerating recovery and resolution mechanisms, and enhancing regulatory supervision and early-warning systems are critical measures for restoring and preserving banking sector resilience.

Employer Credibility Perception Of Digital Micro‑Credentials Vs. Formal Academic Programs: An Indian Perspective

Authors: Ms.Amishi Turakhia

Abstract: In recent years, digital micro‑credentials—short, focused, competency-based programs offered by online platforms—have surged in popularity. Indian employers, increasingly confronted with rapid technological change and talent shortages, appear to be shifting their hiring preferences, placing higher value on micro‑credentials than ever before. This paper explores how employers in India perceive the credibility of micro‑credentials relative to traditional academic degrees. Drawing on recent data, including employer surveys and national initiatives like the National Credit Framework (NCrF), this research examines the drivers, benefits, and challenges of this shift. We use a sociotechnical and signaling theory framework to analyze employer attitudes and propose implications for higher education institutions, policy makers, and job seekers in India.

Sustainable Customer Satisfaction in Indian Online Shopping: Evidence from Tumkur District

Authors: G. Krishna naik

Abstract: This paper reframes a prior study of customer satisfaction in online shopping (Tumkur district, Karnataka) through the lens of sustainability and responsible digital commerce. We integrate environmental (e.g., low-impact packaging and green logistics), social (e.g., fair labor and accessibility), and governance (e.g., privacy and algorithmic transparency) dimensions into a multi-construct model that links e-service quality and value/trust to overall satisfaction and loyalty intentions. Methodologically, we propose a cross-sectional survey with validated Likert scales, compute reliability (Cronbach’s a), estimate minimum sample using Cochran’s formula, and illustrate factor scoring and logistic regression for repurchase intention. We also outline a sustainability-weighted satisfaction index (SUSI) and demonstrate basic calculations. Empirically illustrative figures (framework diagram, factor means, and Pareto complaints) are provided to guide implementation. The results indicate that, beyond classic drivers (speed, reliability), governance/privacy and environmentally responsible practices are significant predictors of satisfaction and intention to recommend. We conclude with policy and managerial implications for retailers operating in India’s fast-growing e-commerce sector: embed sustainability KPIs into CX dashboards, disclose credible metrics (e.g., recycled content, green delivery), and align privacy UX with data-minimization norms. The study extends prior work on Tumkur’s online shoppers by operationalizing sustainability within customer satisfaction modeling and offering a replicable toolkit for colleges and local commerce departments to evaluate digital retail responsibly.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17719189

Unlocking India’s Renewable Energy potential: Challenges and Opportunities

Authors: Dr. Sowmya S Murthy

Abstract: As the world grapples with climate change and energy insecurity, renewable energy has emerged as a central pillar of sustainable development. However, the transition to renewables faces persistent technological, economic, policy, and social challenges. This paper explores the dual nature of renewable energy—its immense promise and its complex barriers—through global trends and India-focused case studies. By analyzing large-scale and decentralized renewable projects, including Bhadla, Pavagada, Rewa, and Kurnool solar parks, as well as microgrid initiatives in Dharnai and Indira Nagar, this study identifies strategic pathways for inclusive and resilient energy futures. The analysis reveals that integrated policies, innovative financing, community participation, and technological innovation are key to maximizing renewable energy’s transformative potential. Key words: climate change, energy, renewable.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17719578

Review Of Agricultural Credit And Economic Growth

Authors: Syeda Naima Zannat, Fariha Nur Shoumee

Abstract: Agricultural credit plays a crucial role in supporting Bangladesh’s rural economy by enabling farmers to access the necessary financial resources for production and growth. In Bangladesh, the provision of agricultural credit is categorized into three sectors: formal, semi-formal, and informal. The formal sector is dominated by government banks, such as Bangladesh Krishi Bank (BKB) and Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank (RAKUB), along with private commercial banks. These institutions are central to agricultural financing, although many smallholder farmers face significant barriers in accessing these funds. The credit disbursement process is often complex and time-consuming, with strict eligibility criteria and collateral requirements that are difficult for poorer farmers to meet. The semi-formal sector, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and rural development organizations, provides a more accessible alternative for farmers who struggle with formal credit channels. These institutions offer microfinance loans with fewer requirements, which are critical for small farmers. However, their reach remains limited and the sustainability of these institutions can sometimes be uncertain due to financial constraints. The informal sector, consisting of moneylenders and community-based lending, is also a vital source of credit for many farmers. The Johansen cointegration test and VECM model indicate a long-term positive relationship between agricultural credit and GDP growth. Furthermore, the impact of agricultural credit on household-level economic conditions, focusing on factors like housing, income, and investment. Findings suggested that credit programs have positively impacted household income, agricultural investment, and overall economic well-being. Despite these various credit sources, significant challenges persist in improving access to financial resources for farmers. Long approval processes, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and the lack of adequate rural banking services create obstacles. Moreover, small farmers, who are the backbone of the agricultural sector, often struggle to secure financing due to the high collateral demands and lack of financial literacy. Addressing these challenges is crucial for further improving the effectiveness of agricultural credit programs in Bangladesh.

From Policy To Practice: Why Citing Regulations Won’t Keep Your Warehouse Safe

Authors: Justin Paul Iacouzzi

Abstract: This paper critically evaluates the gap between regulatory compliance and practical hazard prevention in the U.S. warehousing sector, highlighting why merely citing OSHA standards fails to achieve meaningful safety outcomes. Despite robust legal frameworks, warehouses still experience injury and fatality rates far above the national average, with a surge in incidents traced to superficial, checklist-based compliance that neglects worker education and engagement. Through statistical analysis and case studies—including major OSHA settlements and legal precedents—the study demonstrates how recordable injuries, regulatory fines, and legal liabilities persist when employees are not equipped to translate codes into everyday practice. Evidence from industry surveys and enforcement data shows that highly engaged, well-trained workforces experience significantly fewer incidents, reduced costs, and superior operational performance, while those relying only on paperwork and code citation remain at high risk of preventable harm. The paper concludes that sustained safety in warehouses requires transforming regulatory language into actionable, context-rich training, fostering daily dialogue and hands-on demonstration, and embedding compliance within workplace culture rather than documentation alone.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17720212

The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Business: Performance, Mechanisms and Managerial Implications

Authors: Dr. Sateeshkumar G

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping business functions from marketing and customer service to product development and operations. While practitioner surveys report rapidly rising adoption and measurable benefits, academic evidence shows heterogeneous outcomes driven by complementarities, organizational readiness, and adoption timing. This paper synthesizes recent evidence and proposes a compact empirical strategy to measure how firm-level AI intensity affects performance, which mechanisms mediate effects (automation, augmentation, innovation), and which firm characteristics moderate outcomes (data maturity, industry task content). Using a continuous composite measure of AI intensity (text disclosures, AI-related patents, job-skill signals, and survey indicators) applied to panel firm financials, the proposed identification strategy combines firm and year fixed effects, event-style difference-in-differences, and instrumental variables to address selection and endogeneity. The paper expects positive medium-run effects on profitability and productivity for firms that combine AI with complementary investments, and highlights short-run adjustment costs for others. Managerial recommendations include investing in data infrastructure, governance, and rescaling to capture AI value.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17720265

A Study On Impact Of International Tariffs On Cottage Industries: With Reference To Karnataka State

Authors: Dr . Kumaraswamy B

Abstract: This paper discusses how the international tariffs, and particularly recent U.S. import duties trickle down to Karnataka’s cottage industries that consist of handicrafts, textiles and small scales manufacturing sectors (MSME). These are sectors vital to rural employment and culture preservation.” The study focuses on the impact of tariff changes on export orders, production, income and employment. Using secondary sources, and institutional reports, the paper assesses tariff-induced trade challenges, policy government policy responses, and prospects for thriving.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721055

The Transformative Impact Of Science: Advancing Society, Health, And Human Progress

Authors: Dr Thimmanaik M S

Abstract: Science has been the principal driver of transformational change across societies. From elevating standards of living through industrial and technological advances to revolutionizing health outcomes via biomedical discoveries, scientific inquiry underpins progress. This paper reviews the multifaceted impact of science on society, public health, economic development, education, and ethical considerations. It synthesizes historical trends, contemporary examples, and emerging frontiers such as artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and climate science. The discussion emphasizes how evidence-based policy, interdisciplinary collaboration, and equitable access to scientific benefits determine whether science fulfills its promise for human progress. Finally, the paper suggests strategies to maximize positive outcomes while mitigating risks.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722827

“Examining The Impact Of Digital Banking On The Performance Of Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) In Karnataka”

Authors: Rajesha K S, Dr. Suresh.B.K

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of digital banking on the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Karnataka, with emphasis on adoption levels, financial outcomes, and factors influencing effective utilization. The findings indicate that digital banking adoption among MSMEs has increased steadily, with approximately 72% of enterprises using services such as online payments, mobile banking, and digital credit facilities. MSMEs adopting digital banking reported significant improvements in financial performance, including an 18–22% rise in revenue, a 15% reduction in operational costs, and notably faster loan approvals compared to non-users. The study further identifies trust, digital literacy, and technological readiness as key determinants of successful digital banking usage, each showing strong positive correlations with adoption levels and efficiency gains. Despite these benefits, challenges persist in the form of limited awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and concerns regarding security. These gaps highlight the need for enhanced digital literacy initiatives and strengthened system safeguards to ensure effective and safe usage. Overall, the research concludes that digital banking plays a pivotal role in enhancing MSME growth, financial transparency, and operational efficiency, thereby contributing significantly to the competitiveness and long-term sustainability of MSMEs in Karnataka.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722863

Pricing As A Key Factor Used By Online Wholesaler And Retailers To Attract Online Consumers – A Study With Reference To Retail Industry In Bangalore Rural And Urban

Authors: Dr. Latha B.V

Abstract: The aim of this article is to emphasize the significance of pricing strategy in the online retail sector, and its effect on consumer behaviour. The aim is to test the relationship between online retailers’ pricing strategies and customers’ repurchase intentions in this context. Based on previous research, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a sample of online respondents. This study adds to the literature by identifying and evaluating consumer loyalty and the repurchase intent influenced by pricing strategies’ adopted by selected online retailers.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17733222

Socio-Political Nuances Of Indian Society In Upamanyu Chatterjee’s The Last Burden

Authors: Girisha D

Abstract: This paper attempts to explore how Upamanyu Chatterjee’s The Last Burden (1994) express most comprehensively the intimate social awareness of the society in which Indians are born and evolve with its problematic religious and cultural conditions. In this novel, he examines the negative aspects of kinship and familial bonds. It tells the narrative of a middle-class Hindu Brahmin family growing up in a seaside town. The family consists of the father, Shyamananda, the mother, Urmila, and their two sons, Burfi and Jamun. The most compelling feature of the novel is its examination of the emotional turmoil and interdependent relationships that exist among contemporary Indian households. In this novel, Chatterjee explores the enigmatic inner workings of the human mind and outlines the complicated issues of the modern Indian society. He demonstrates how multiculturalism and multilingualism benefit India. While blending the political, historical, and social upheavals with individual and cultural components, he has detachedly painted the socio-political and cultural struggle of the 1950s.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17733288

Economic Impacts Of Climate Change And The Circular Economy In Emerging Economies

Authors: Dr. Ranganath G

Abstract: Climate change poses an escalating threat to global economic stability, particularly in emerging economies that rely heavily on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and energy. The transition toward a circular economy — one based on resource efficiency, waste minimization, and sustainable production — offers a potential pathway to mitigate these impacts while sustaining long-term economic growth. This paper examines the economic consequences of climate change and evaluates the role of circular economy models in promoting resilience and sustainability. Drawing upon theoretical perspectives, empirical literature, and four case studies (India, China, South Africa, and Indonesia), the study highlights the interconnections between environmental degradation, productivity loss, and circular innovation. The findings reveal that while climate change negatively affects GDP growth, employment, and fiscal stability, circular economy policies can offset these impacts by generating green jobs, promoting resource efficiency, and reducing dependency on non-renewable inputs. The paper concludes with key challenges, strategies, and policy recommendations for accelerating the circular transition in emerging economies.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17750242

Impact Of GST 2.0 On Consumer Goods: An Analytical Study

Authors: Mrs. Jayashree Swain

Abstract: The implementation of GST 2.0 represents the second major phase of India’s Goods and Services Tax reform, which is aimed at simplifying compliance, increasing transparency, and improving tax collection. It introduces significant changes affecting the consumer goods sector, including FMCG, electronics, and daily-use items. Tax rates on essentials like soaps, toothpaste, biscuits, and medicines have been reduced, making them more affordable. Consumer durables, textiles, toys, and beverages also saw rate cuts, boosting demand and helping MSMEs. These changes may cause revenue loss and pricing adjustments but are expected to reduce inflation. In contrast, higher GST rates have been imposed on sin and luxury goods to discourage their use and increase revenue. In light of these developments, this article analyses the overall impact of GST 2.0 on the consumer goods sector, covering key categories such as daily-use items, FMCG products, electronics, and durables.

Mobilizing Private Capital Through Blended Finance Mechanisms To Accelerate U.S. Startup Growth In Strategic Sectors: A Framework For Economic Competitiveness And National Security

Authors: Raymond Ashieyi-Ahorgah, Reuben Offei Duodu

Abstract: This paper examines the critical role of blended finance structures in mobilizing private and institutional capital to support the growth of startups operating in strategically important sectors of the United States economy, including artificial intelligence, advanced manufacturing, cybersecurity, energy infrastructure, and critical mineral processing. While these sectors are vital to national security and long-term economic competitiveness, early-stage ventures in these areas face significant barriers in accessing capital due to risk profiles and market failures. This study proposes an innovative blended finance framework that integrates private investment, mission-driven capital, and catalytic financing mechanisms to reduce investment risk, increase domestic capital formation, and enhance startup scalability. Through analysis of secondary data from venture capital databases, government funding records, and economic impact studies spanning 2017-2024, we evaluate the economic impact of such models on GDP growth, job creation, and supply chain resilience. Our findings demonstrate that properly structured blended finance initiatives could unlock 7 billion in private investment over five years, generate 2.3 million jobs across key industries, and increase domestic production capacity by 35% in strategic sectors. The research presents policy recommendations to institutionalize blended finance as a national tool for accelerating innovation and strengthening America’s economic sovereignty, positioning the United States as a global leader in strategic innovation.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17775381

A Critical Review of the Economic and Financial Dimensions of Sustainable Construction Adoption in Sri Lanka

Authors: G S P Gunasekara

Abstract: Sustainable construction has gained global attention as a pathway to environmentally responsible and resource-efficient development. However, in Sri Lanka, the adoption of sustainable construction practices is often constrained by economic and financial factors. This critical review examines the literature on the economic and financial dimensions influencing sustainable construction in the Sri Lankan context. Key challenges identified include high initial capital costs, limited access to green financing, weak incentive structures, and the inadequate incorporation of life-cycle cost assessments in project planning (Dissanayake & Jayasinghe, 2021; Silva & Rathnayake, 2020). Additionally, the absence of standardized economic evaluation frameworks and fragmented policy enforcement further hinder implementation (Tam et al., 2020). Despite these barriers, opportunities exist through green procurement strategies, financial incentives, and increasing stakeholder awareness of long-term economic and environmental benefits. The review highlights the need for integrated financial mechanisms, policy reforms, and capacity-building initiatives to accelerate sustainable construction adoption in Sri Lanka.

Navigating Change: The Impact of Interest Rate Fluctuations On Small Business Financing

Authors: Krrish Goyal, Atif Khan

Abstract: This research paper delves into the dynamic and often fluctuating nature of interest rates and their profound impact on small business financing. Interest rate changes, typically influenced by central bank policies, have far-reaching consequences for small businesses that rely heavily on loans and credit for operational activities, expansion, and growth. Fluctuating interest rates directly affect borrowing costs, with rising rates increasing the expense of debt financing, potentially leading to cash flow constraints and stunted business growth. On the other hand, falling interest rates lower the cost of borrowing, fostering a conducive environment for business investment, asset acquisition, and expansion initiatives. The report examines how rising interest rates can discourage small businesses from seeking loans due to the higher costs associated with them, while also highlighting how higher rates may impact the financial stability of businesses with existing debt. Conversely, it also outlines how lower rates create an opportunity for businesses to invest in new projects, capital improvements, or even hire additional staff. Furthermore, the report investigates the broader impact of interest rate fluctuations on investor sentiment and capital markets, illustrating how changing rates can influence small businesses’ access to external financing. Small businesses are also urged to adapt by using various financial strategies, such as seeking fixed-rate loans, refinancing existing debt, diversifying financing sources, and carefully monitoring economic indicators that signal potential rate hikes or cuts. The report concludes by offering recommendations for small businesses to proactively navigate interest rate changes. These strategies include maintaining financial liquidity, building a resilient credit profile, and staying informed on central bank policies. Through these measures, small businesses can mitigate the risks posed by interest rate fluctuations, seize growth opportunities, and ensure long-term financial stability. This comprehensive understanding of interest rate dynamics equips small business owners with the tools needed to adapt to an ever-changing financial landscape.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17797638

The Impact Of Underwriting On Share Pricing And Market Stability

Authors: Dr Mohammed Zainuddin Khan

Abstract: This paper examines the critical role of underwriting in shaping share pricing and influencing market stability within modern capital markets. Underwriting functions as a central mechanism in the issuance of new securities, particularly during Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), where underwriters determine offering prices, assess market demand, and manage risk distribution. The study explores how underwriting practices—such as book-building, valuation strategies, and risk guarantees—affect the accuracy of price discovery and contribute to phenomena like underpricing or overpricing. Through an analysis of market behavior and investor dynamics, the paper highlights how effective underwriting can enhance market confidence and reduce volatility, while flawed or overly aggressive practices may lead to price distortions, instability, and misallocation of capital. The findings underscore the dual influence of underwriting on both immediate share price outcomes and broader market resilience, emphasizing the need for transparent, data-driven underwriting processes to promote efficient and stable financial markets.

Ai’s Role in Talent Acquisition and Management

Authors: Dr. J. Arputha Sahaya Raj

Abstract: This article examines the evolving role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in talent acquisition and management, contextualized within the wider etymological development of talent management practices. Drawing on both foundational and recent literature, the study investigates how AI technologies are reshaping recruitment, talent identification, development, and retention. Through a mixed-methods approach, the article analyzes empirical data and contemporary developments, highlighting both opportunities and limitations. The research identifies strategic objectives, challenges, and practical suggestions for optimizing AI-driven talent management. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of AI‘s transformative potential, offering guidance for future research and organizational practice.

Ai’s Role in Talent Acquisition and Management

Authors: Dr. J. Arputha Sahaya Raj

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17802179

Assessing The Capabilities of Ai in Private Real Estate Development Within the Construction Sector

Authors: Ms Ruchi Natekar

Abstract: In Mumbai’s fast-growing private real estate construction sector, persistent challenges—cost overruns, schedule delays, and inconsistent quality—continue to limit project performance despite rising demand and increasing urban pressures. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged globally as a transformative tool capable of reshaping construction planning, execution, and monitoring. Yet, in Mumbai, AI adoption remains at a formative stage, shaped by a complex interplay of technological limitations, cultural resistance, and organisational readiness. This study explores how AI is currently being used, where it creates value, and what barriers must be overcome for meaningful transformation. A mixed-methods research design was employed to capture both the breadth and depth of AI adoption. Quantitative insights were gathered through a structured survey of 99 construction professionals, spanning developers, engineers, consultants, and project managers. To complement this, qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with industry experts to understand their lived experiences, perceptions, and concerns regarding AI-enabled practices. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and thematic coding to produce an integrated, evidence-based understanding of AI’s real-world impact within Mumbai’s construction environment. Findings reveal that while AI adoption is still emerging, its footprint is steadily expanding. The most recognised and frequently applied AI tools include predictive analytics for cost estimation, automated scheduling systems, and computer-vision-based quality inspections. Respondents involved in AI-enabled projects reported heightened confidence in the technology’s potential to enhance efficiency, reduce rework, and improve decision-making. However, this optimism exists alongside significant obstacles. The study identifies notable barriers such as low digital literacy, fragmented data systems, regulatory ambiguity, and organisational cultural resistance. Many firms struggle to integrate AI into legacy workflows, and small and medium-sized enterprises face higher financial and technical hurdles. The discussion highlights that successful AI-enabled transformation requires more than just technological investment—it demands structural, cultural, and behavioural shifts within organisations. AI’s impact is therefore as socio-technical as it is operational, requiring alignment across people, processes, and platforms. This research confirms that AI holds strong promise for reducing chronic inefficiencies in Mumbai’s real estate construction sector. Yet, the gap between theoretical potential and on-ground performance remains wide. To bridge this divide, organisations must adopt a phased, context-appropriate strategy that prioritises digital literacy, data standardisation, regulatory clarity, and targeted workforce upskilling. The study offers a practical implementation roadmap tailored to Mumbai’s unique ecosystem, serving as a valuable resource for developers, project managers, policymakers, and technology providers. Ultimately, AI is positioned not as a replacement for human expertise, but as a powerful enabler of smarter, safer, and more resilient urban development.

Does Corporate Acquisition Announcement Generates Abnormal Returns: An Analysis Using FF3 Model

Authors: Dr. Sunil Kumar

Abstract: A firm may undertake its business expansion through internal or external restructurings. The external restructuring includes, mergers, acquisitions, spin-off, and join-venture etc. Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) are the most attractive and strategic business decisions which may influence stock-prices too. In India, every listed company is required to submit information in advance regarding such strategic actions to respective stock-exchanges under Regulations 30, of the SEBI, called corporate acquisition announcements (CA). Around the CA time, stock-price tends to change due to impact of such strategic actions. In the present study, event-study methodology is applied. The day on which CA is made is taken as D=0, and estimation window is considered from -83 to -7 days. Day 0 to +7 is taken as event window for which prediction of intercept and slope for Ri, Rm, Rf, SLM, and HMB is computed. For the purpose this study, four models, viz., market model, market model with Scholes-Williams Beta Estimation, CAPM and FF3F Models are applied. The results of first three models are not helpful in explaining model significantly and address impact of Rm and Rf on Ri. Whereas, FF3F model accounts size and value factors to investigate the impact of CA on ExRi and AbRi. CAPM establishes positive impact of CA on AbRi on two days in post-CA period, but there is negative impact of CA on AbRi during event-window under FF3F model.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17877213

Emergence and Growth Drivers of Unicorn Businesses in India: An Analytical Study

Authors: Dr. Nital Manoj Kothari

Abstract: India has witnessed rapid growth in venture-backed startups, resulting in the emergence of unicorns—private companies valued at over USD 1 billion. This study explores the factors driving unicorn creation in India, focusing on innovation capability, digital adoption, funding ecosystem, scalability, and market disruption. Primary data were collected from 80 respondents, including entrepreneurs, students, and working professionals familiar with India’s startup ecosystem. Analytical tools including frequency tables, ranking tables, and correlation analysis were applied. Findings indicate that technology adoption, investor confidence, and scalable business models are the strongest contributors to unicorn growth. The paper highlights challenges such as regulatory complexities and cash-burn dependency, while offering strategic recommendations for sustainable growth.

A Study On The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence In Higher Education: An Empirical Study

Authors: Dr. Hanumantharayadu

Abstract: This is an empirical research that investigates the complex nature of the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on tertiary education, and more so, on the Indian universities. Based on the mixed-method approach, 200 students and faculty members in various institutions were used to collect data to measure AI adoption, attitudes, and academic performance. The paper shows that AI technologies are tremendously effective in increasing student engagement, personal learning, and administrative efficiency, which promote more accessible and flexible education. It also raises the aspect of better academic performance, especially with the use of automated grading and virtual classroom, and research aid by AI. Nevertheless, the inquiry reveals obstacles like the issues of privacy of data and a possibility of plagiarism alongside psychological effects of excessive dependence on the AI systems. The reaction of faculty and students shows that there is a great requirement to support this institutionally, such as AI literacy courses and explicit ethics. The results highlight a moderate combination of AI and humanistic pedagogy to make education sustainable and meaningful. In the current literature with the growing interest in AI in education, the study adds empirical research to the area of Indian higher education by highlighting opportunities and barriers to effective implementation of AI. The findings promote strategic plans promoting responsible use of AI and uphold academic integrity and inclusivity in dynamic learning online.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17838413

Green Mutual Funds In India: A Comprehensive Comparative Performance Analysis

Authors: Dr. Kasireddy Sandeep Reddy, GLN Sravan Kumar

Abstract: This study investigates the financial performance of Green Mutual Funds in India compared to traditional mutual funds over 2019–2024. Using secondary quantitative data from reliable financial sources, the study examines annual returns, risk–return characteristics, return consistency, and the impact of ESG factors. Analytical techniques include descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses. Results indicate that Green Mutual Funds deliver competitive returns with lower volatility and superior risk-adjusted performance relative to traditional funds. While mean returns do not differ significantly, ANOVA reveals notable variation among Green Mutual Funds, reflecting diverse investment strategies and ESG criteria. ESG scores exhibit a strong positive correlation with returns, though the effect is not statistically significant. Findings suggest that sustainable investments in India can provide financial competitiveness alongside stability, highlighting the growing relevance of ESG-oriented strategies. The study offers actionable insights for investors, fund managers, and policymakers in emerging markets.

A Study on the Relationship Between CRM Adoption and Customer Satisfaction

Authors: Ms. Nisha Rajendrakumar Chauhan

Abstract: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has become a core strategic component for organizations seeking to improve their competitive position by deepening customer relationships and enhancing satisfaction levels. In an era where products and services are increasingly similar across providers, customer satisfaction serves as a key differentiator for business success, and CRM plays a crucial role in supporting this objective. CRM adoption involves the integration of technology, customer data, and relationship-building practices to personalize interactions, understand customer preferences, and deliver seamless service experiences. This study investigates the relationship between CRM adoption and customer satisfaction by examining how CRM dimensions—such as customer data management, personalized communication, service responsiveness, and after-sales support—shape customer perceptions and behaviors. The research relies on secondary data analysis from academic literature and industry reports, revealing that organizations that effectively adopt CRM systems experience significantly higher customer satisfaction, stronger brand loyalty, and increased customer retention. The findings suggest that CRM not only enhances transactional interactions but also nurtures emotional attachment and long-term customer engagement. Overall, the study concludes that CRM adoption is a critical driver of customer satisfaction and sustainable business growth. By providing organizations with tools to anticipate customer needs and deliver consistent value, CRM promotes trust, loyalty, and long-term profitability, demonstrating its importance as both an operational and strategic asset in today’s customer-centric marketplace.

To Examine The Adequacy Of Welfare Facilities Available To Employees And Its Impact On Job Satisfaction And Organisational Commitment

Authors: Dr. Snehal Joshi

Abstract: This study examines the adequacy of welfare facilities provided by organizations to employees and evaluates their perceived adequacy and effect on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Welfare facilities include statutory and non-statutory services: medical aid, safety, canteen/rest rooms, recreation, housing/transport support, social security, and other employee benefits. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 80 employees drawn from manufacturing and service organizations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, and Pearson correlation. Findings show that while statutory welfare facilities (medical, safety, provident fund etc.) are largely available and rated as satisfactory by most employees, non-statutory amenities (recreation, transport, housing support, family welfare) are perceived as inadequate by a significant proportion. A significant positive correlation (r ≈ 0.57, p < 0.01) between perceived welfare adequacy and job satisfaction was observed. The study concludes that organizations need to strengthen non-statutory welfare provisions to improve employee morale, satisfaction, retention, and organisational commitment.

“ The Impact Of Structured Onboarding On Employee Retention

Authors: Samruddhi Sanjay Kadu, Dr. Janavi Rathi

Abstract: The relationship between financial leverage and firm profitability has long been a crucial topic in corporate finance. This study aims to examine how the use of debt financing influences the profitability of firms across different sectors. Financial leverage, measured through debt-to- equity and debt-to-asset ratios, reflects a company’s capital structure decisions and its ability to utilize borrowed funds for growth and value creation. However, excessive reliance on debt may lead to higher financial risk and reduced profitability due to increased interest obligations. This research explores both the positive and negative effects of leverage by analyzing secondary data from selected firms over a defined period. Profitability indicators such as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used to evaluate performance. The study employs correlation and regression analysis to test the impact of leverage on profitability. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into how optimal leverage levels can enhance firm performance, support financial decision-making, and balance the trade-off between risk and return. Ultimately, this research contributes to understanding the strategic role of financial leverage in achieving sustainable profitability and long-term financial stability.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17864641

A Study On The Role Of Financial Management At Physics Wallah

Authors: MR. Dhanve Shrikrushna Dinkar, Kandare Priyanka Vinod, Rutuja Gaikwad

Abstract: This research paper examines the financial management practices of Physics Wallah Ltd, one of India’s fastest-growing EdTech companies. The study focuses on budgeting, cost control, revenue generation, financial planning, and investment strategies adopted by the company. Data has been collected through secondary sources such as company announcements, media interviews, EdTech industry reports, and financial news portals. The findings reveal that Physics Wallah follows an efficient low-cost operational model, strong cash flow management, and sustainable pricing strategies while maintaining profitability. The study concludes that the company’s financial discipline and frugal innovation are key factors behind its rapid growth and competitive advantage in the EdTech industry.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17863716

The Impact Of Structured Onboarding On Employee Retention

Authors: Samruddhi Sanjay Kadu, Dr. Janavi Rathi

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17864641

The Effects Of Innovation On Organizational Performance

Authors: Faiza Elloumi

Abstract: This study assesses the impact of innovation on organizational performance using panel data, which allows to follow the same firms over several periods and thus to observe the dynamic effects of innovation while controlling for the specificities of each firm. The sample includes 120 firms from various sectors of activity, which allows to take into account the variability between firms while analyzing temporal trends. This approach is more robust than classic cross-sectional studies, because it allows to follow the evolution of firms over time and to control for fixed effects related to the specific characteristics of each organization, such as size, experience or resources. Three hypotheses are formulated: product innovation would stimulate revenue growth by attracting new customers; process innovation would improve operational efficiency, leading to better performance; and an innovation culture would promote the adoption of new technologies, which would indirectly improve performance. By applying fixed and random effects econometric models and interpreting the coefficients obtained, this analysis confirms that product and process innovations have a direct and positive effect on performance, while the innovation culture acts indirectly, supporting continuous improvement and the adoption of new technologies.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17866694

Opportunities for Rural Entrepreneurs Through E-Marketing Platforms.

Authors: Professor Pooja Tiwari

Abstract: E-marketing platforms have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing the growth and market accessibility of rural entrepreneurs. This re-search paper examines the major opportunities created by digital and social media platforms for rural business owners, focusing on improved market reach, reduced marketing costs, direct customer interaction, and enhanced business performance. Using a descriptive research de-sign and a survey of 250 rural entrepreneurs across selected districts, the study finds that e-marketing significantly increases sales, customer engagement, and brand visibility. However, benefits are unevenly dis-tributed due to differences in digital literacy and internet availability. The study suggests training programs, infrastructure improvements, and greater support from government and private platforms to maxim-ise the advantages of e-marketing in rural regions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17896765

Digital Transformation and Tax Compliance Enhancement: A Comparative Analysis of HMRC and Global Tax Authorities

Authors: Temidayo Akindahunsi

Abstract: Despite numerous reforms by tax authorities, the persistent challenge of low tax compliance and administrative inefficiencies continues to undermine effective revenue generation globally. This study examines the effect of digital transformation tools on tax compliance rates and operational efficiency, drawing insights from HMRC in the United Kingdom and global tax authorities. Using a survey research design with data from 91 respondents actively engaged in the tax system, the study employed descriptive statistics and regression analysis to test specific relationships between digital transformation components and compliance outcomes. Findings reveal that taxpayers perceive digital tax platforms as user-friendly, transparent, and cost-effective in reducing administrative burdens. The regression models demonstrate that AI-based compliance checks and digital payment platforms significantly enhance compliance rates and improve operational efficiency, while online filing systems show limited direct impact. These outcomes highlight the transformative role of advanced digital technologies in strengthening tax systems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17907189

A study on customer satisfaction about E-Bike users in Erode District

Authors: Dr.M.Revathi, Dr.P.Parvatham

Abstract: This study investigates customer satisfaction levels concerning electric bikes (E-bikes) in Erode District, Tamil Nadu. The rapid shift towards sustainable and energy-efficient transportation has led to the growing popularity of E-bikes, and understanding user experiences is crucial for industry growth. Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected from 200 E-bike users to evaluate their satisfaction levels and the factors influencing their purchase decisions. The study highlights key elements such as product quality, after-sales service, price sensitivity, environmental concerns, and technological innovations. Statistical analysis reveals that E-bike users in Erode are generally satisfied with the product, with a strong preference for low maintenance and eco-friendliness. However, challenges such as battery life and high initial costs remain significant barriers. The findings suggest that manufacturers and service providers need to address these factors to enhance customer satisfaction and expand market share.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17919309

Customer Satisfaction Towrds E-Banking Services With Reference To Select Public Sector Banks In Tircuhirappalli City

Authors: K. Beema Rao

Abstract: E-banking is a broad term that refers to the process through which customers can carry out personal or commercial banking transactions using electronic and telecommunication networks. The present study examines customer satisfaction towards e-banking services offered by selected public sector banks in Tiruchirappalli city. A sample of 60 respondents was chosen for the study. The research covers various e-banking services provided by five selected public sector banks, namely Indian Overseas Bank (IOB), Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and the State Bank of India (SBI). The analytical tools used for the study include frequency tables and the Chi-square test.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17948030

Sustainabilityand Green Marketing: Impact on Consumer Perception and Purchase Intention

Authors: Aradhya Taneja, Dr. Mausmi Goel

Abstract: Consumers with a strong environmental and ethical awareness are more and more present in the global market of today. This work is addressing the effect of ecologically oriented green marketing activities on consumer perception as well as on purchase intention. The study is based on a comprehensive empirical survey of 40 respondents with a diverse demographic and occupational background. A mixed-methods approach along with a structured questionnaire was used to analyze nine essential aspects of green consumer behavior. Among these aspects were eco-friendly brand recommendations, concerns regarding greenwashing, sustainability awareness, the influence of packaging, and the role of green marketing in solving environmental issues. The results point to a considerable positive relation between perceived sustainability and the intention to buy. More than half of the respondents (57.5%) indicated that product sustainability "Agree" with their purchase decisions. Nevertheless, there is also a significant gap between perception and behavior uncovered by the study. While 92.3% of consumers are agreeing or strongly agreeing with the statement that brands exaggerate environment-related claims, only 25.6% of them are actively and carefully checking brand authenticity. The research finds that environmental concern (30%), brand reputation (30%), and product quality (20%) are the major factors that lead to eco-friendly purchase behavior, whereas eco-friendly packaging is the reason behind 61.5% of the purchase decisions. This research has important implications for the design and implementation of green marketing campaigns that are transparent, verifiable, and able to inspire the necessary consumer education process to close the perception-behavior gap of sustainable consumption.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17960774

Portfolio Management Strategies And Performance Analysis Of FMCG And IT Sector Stocks

Authors: Devatha Chenchu LS Harika

Abstract: This study examines portfolio management strategies and evaluates the performance of FMCG and IT sector stocks with a focus on risk, return, diversification, and optimization. Using secondary data from selected FMCG and IT companies, the study employs descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and portfolio performance measures such as the Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, and Jensen’s Alpha. The findings reveal that IT sector stocks generate higher returns but exhibit greater risk, while FMCG stocks provide stable returns with lower volatility. Empirical results confirm significant differences in risk–return characteristics and portfolio performance between the two sectors. Moreover, the optimized portfolio combining FMCG and IT stocks demonstrates superior risk-adjusted performance, highlighting the benefits of sectoral diversification. The study reinforces modern portfolio theory and provides practical insights for portfolio managers and investors seeking to balance growth and stability in equity investments.

Nudging MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Towards Sustainable Practices: A Behavioral Framework

Authors: Md Mahfooz Iqbal, Dr. Ram Pravesh

Abstract: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) constitute a fundamental pillar of the Indian economy, contributing substantially to employment generation, industrial innovation, and national GDP. Despite their pivotal role, a significant proportion of MSMEs face considerable challenges in adopting sustainable business practices. These challenges stem from financial constraints, limited awareness, technological gaps, and deep-seated behavioral barriers. Conventional policy instruments, such as regulatory mandates and subsidy schemes, have yielded limited success in fostering widespread adoption of sustainability measures. This study investigates the potential of behavioral nudging—an influential concept derived from behavioral economics—as a pragmatic and cost-efficient mechanism to promote sustainability among MSMEs without enforcing restrictive regulations. By leveraging tools such as default options, social norm interventions, information framing, feedback systems, and commitment devices, nudging subtly alters the choice architecture, guiding decision-making while preserving entrepreneurial autonomy. Drawing upon a synthesis of secondary data, international case studies, and sector-specific trends within Indian MSMEs, this research proposes a behaviorally informed framework tailored to the Indian socioeconomic context.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17983513

The Role Of Search Engine Optimization In E-Commerce Attracting And Converting Young Professionals

Authors: Bilal khan, Dr. Sana Zaidi

Abstract: This research paper investigates the critical role of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) in driving customer acquisition and lead generation strategies for e-commerce platforms. Based on a comprehensive survey of 40 respondents, this study examines consumer perceptions regarding search engine visibility, SEO-optimized content, structured data, trust factors, and mobile-friendly strategies in online shopping behaviour. The findings demonstrate that SEO remains a pivotal factor influencing purchase decisions, platform selection, and consumer trust in e-commerce environments. Results indicate that 52.5% of respondents strongly agree that SEO-optimized product descriptions enhance product discoverability, while 47.5% strongly agree that higher search engine rankings increase trust in e-commerce platforms. The study reveals significant opportunities for e-commerce platforms to leverage SEO strategies for improved customer acquisition and lead generation. Strategic recommendations include prioritizing mobile-friendly optimization, implementing structured data protocols, and investing in SEO-driven content marketing to engage young professionals and drive sustainable growth.

Post-Pandemic Wellness Capital: Thailand’s Global Leadership In Holistic Health Tourism

Authors: Dr. Aphisavadh Sirivadhanawaravachara

Abstract: Since COVID-19, people and countries have focused on health. This paper looks at how Thailand is becoming a top spot for complete health and wellness tourism. Thailand's culture includes Thai medicine, meditation, and spiritual practices, providing many wellness choices meeting global interests in health, sustainability, and emotional strength. The global wellness tourism business is worth trillions of dollars. Thailand's options, like spa treatments, health getaways, herbal cures, and nature relaxation, are special because of their realness and deep cultural ties. This paper checks Thailand's strong points, like its nature, infrastructure, and government wellness plans. It also looks at problems with lasting growth, job training, and equal global health access. Examples show successful community projects and how the country changed from conference tourism to a wellness recovery. In the end, this piece says Thailand is the world's wellness center after the pandemic. It gives a culturally based, money-making, and spiritually good tourism plan.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17976809

The Impact Of Financial Leverage On Firm Profitability: Evidence From Emerging Asian Markets.

Authors: Pratiksha Datta Mandavkar, Dr. Ujwala Narkhede, Dr. Ujwala Narkhede

Abstract: This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between financial leverage and firm profitability among listed non-financial manufacturing and industrial firms operating in Emerging Asian Markets (EAM). The objective is to resolve widespread empirical contradictions regarding capital structure effects and determine the existence of an optimal leverage ratio specific to this region. The study utilizes dynamic panel data spanning the period 2016–2022. Due to the inherent dynamic persistence of profitability and the potential endogeneity of financing decisions, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique is employed to control for unobserved firm heterogeneity and estimation bias.1 Key performance indicators include Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), measured against the Debt-to-Assets ratio (LEV) and its squared term ($LEV^2$). The empirical results reveal a statistically significant non-linear relationship, specifically an inverted U-shaped curve, between financial leverage and firm profitability. This finding confirms the existence of an optimal leverage threshold, calculated to be approximately 58.7% of total assets for ROA maximization. This result reconciles the benefits of debt (tax shields and enhanced returns at moderate levels) with the escalating costs of financial distress observed in high-debt scenarios.3 The primary implication for EAM firms is the necessity of optimizing, rather than maximizing, debt usage to ensure sustainable financial health and longterm value creation.

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Organizational Culture with Respect to Automation and Robotics in The Diamond Industry

Authors: Mrs. Shetva Shah, Muskan Gupta, Dixita mundhara

Abstract: The rise of digital technologies, automation, and robotics is causing a significant upheaval in the diamond business, which has historically been characterized by its craftsmanship and labor-intensive procedures. This study looks at how innovations like automated cutting machines, blockchain for supply chain transparency, and AI-powered sorting are transforming the business. These technologies increase accuracy, efficiency, and cost savings, but they also raise serious concerns about labor adaptation, job security, and organizational culture This study evaluates managers', employees', and industry leaders' opinions of automation adoption through exploratory research, case studies, and survey-based analysis. The results show that although automation increases efficiency, lowers operating costs, and improves precision, it also presents issues with worker resistance to change, job displacement, and skill transformation. The study also identifies tactics used by businesses to deal with ethical issues, personnel upskilling, and organizational adaptation to digital transformation. Through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, this study sheds light on labor readiness, industry-wide changes, and the level of automation adoption. The study adds to the larger conversation on how conventional businesses may use technology while preserving long-term job trends. In managing the shift to a more technologically advanced yet human-centered diamond business, the findings provide insightful advice for stakeholders, policymakers, and industry executives.

A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Key Factors Influencing Women’s Decisions Towards Online Shopping

Authors: Dr. P. Parimaladevi, Mrs.M.Praveena

Abstract: The rapid growth of e-commerce has significantly transformed consumer buying behaviour, particularly among women, who now represent a major segment of online shoppers. This study aims to identify and analyse the key factors influencing women’s decisions to shop online and to determine the level of agreement among respondents regarding the importance of these factors. The objectives of the study are: (1) to examine the relative importance of technological, social, psychological, and economic determinants of women’s online shopping behaviour; (2) to rank the major factors shaping women’s purchase decisions; and (3) to assess the degree of consensus among women regarding these rankings. A structured questionnaire was administered to 250 respondents selected using simple random sampling, and the data were analysed using mean rankings and Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance. The findings reveal that website/app user experience, product reviews and peer recommendations, and social media influence are the most significant predictors of women’s online shopping choices. Conversely, price sensitivity, personalization, and trust-related concerns were rated comparatively lower. Kendall’s W indicates low but statistically significant agreement among respondents, suggesting diverse consumer priorities. The study provides actionable insights for e-commerce platforms to enhance user experience and develop targeted marketing strategies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18031078

A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) Model For Marketing Strategy Selection In The Real Estate Industry

Authors: Hua Bich Vy

Abstract: The Vietnamese real estate industry has experienced rapid growth over the past two decades, driven by urbanization, population growth, and rising income levels. However, the market has also become increasingly volatile and competitive, particularly under the influence of macroeconomic fluctuations, tightening credit policies, and changing customer behavior in the digital era. In this context, selecting an appropriate marketing strategy has emerged as a complex and critical decision for real estate developers and investors. Such decisions involve multiple qualitative and quantitative factors, all of which are often characterized by uncertainty and subjective judgment. To address this challenge, this study proposes a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) based decision making framework to support the systematic selection of marketing strategies in the Vietnamese real estate sector. The proposed model integrates fuzzy set theory with the traditional AHP method to effectively capture the vagueness and ambiguity inherent in expert evaluations. Empirical evaluation is conducted using expert judgments collected from experienced real estate developers, marketing managers, and academic specialists in Vietnam. The findings provide both theoretical contributions to the application of fuzzy multicriteria decision making (MCDM) in emerging markets and practical insights for real estate firms seeking to enhance marketing effectiveness under uncertainty.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18031548

Test Paper Title By Akshay 09122025

Authors: Akshay

Abstract: Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

The AI Concierge And Human Touch: Balancing Innovation With Thai Hospitality Heart

Authors: Dr. Aphisavadh Sirivadhanawaravachara

Abstract: As AI changes the hospitality business worldwide, Thailand's hotels have a big question to answer: How can they use new technologies but keep the special, caring service that makes Thai hospitality so good? This paper looks at AI concierges in Thai hotels, what they can do, and how they change the guest experience. They offer custom suggestions, automate services, and make things run more smoothly. We use examples and careful examinations to see how important feelings and culture are to keeping guests happy, especially in smaller, unique hotels. The study looks at the conflict between wanting efficiency and not wanting to lose the human touch. It gives ideas on how to use AI while keeping the important values of Thai service. In the end, Thailand's hotels will only succeed if they mix technology with kindness, culture, and understanding, instead of just swapping people for machines.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18052266

Effective Policy and Enforcement for Resolving Atrocities/Conflicts Enabled by Landed Property Ownership in Nigeria

Authors: M. O. O. Ifesemen, Dr Dulari A Rajput

Abstract: This thesis examines the persistent rise of land-related conflicts and associated criminal activities in Nigeria, tracing their roots to historical, cultural, administrative, and governance-related inadequacies in the management of landed property. Land, traditionally communally owned and essential for livelihood, has evolved into a highly contested asset due to population growth, modernization, and weak implementation of the Land Use Act. The study highlights how ineffective administration, corruption, poor enforcement of regulations, and conflicting customary and statutory land rights have created conditions enabling violence, territorial claims, extortion, communal clashes, and other atrocities across the country. Materials and Methods: The research adopts a qualitative approach grounded in criminological theory, supported by documentary analysis, non-participant observation, and unstructured interviews. Data were sourced through long-term observational studies of land-related activities in communities, motor parks, markets, land registries, and informal settlements across Nigeria. A combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs enabled the researcher to observe patterns, behaviours, and criminal tendencies linked to land ownership struggles. Content analysis was used to interpret data within the theoretical framework of causes of crime—including cultural, economic, psychological, and environmental determinants. Results and Discussion: Findings reveal that inadequacies in land administration—such as corrupt allocation practices, weak enforcement of land regulations, multiple sales of land, extortion by traditional actors (e.g., “omo-onile”), unregulated territorial control, and government-enabled demolitions—have significantly fueled criminal activities. These include communal clashes, armed conflicts, thuggery, property destruction, kidnapping, territorial cultism, and conflict between farmers and herdsmen. The study establishes that such crimes persist largely because of institutional weaknesses, inconsistent policies, and failure to implement culturally sensitive, transparent systems of land governance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18059109

Assessing The Capabilities of Ai in Private Real Estate Development Within the Construction Sector

Authors: Ms Ruchi Natekar, Dr Dulari Ajitsingh Rajput

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18059498

Reducing Workplace Incidents / Poor Performance By Holding Organisations And Leaders Accountable

Authors: M. O. O. Ifesemen, Dr Dulari Ajitsingh Rajput

Abstract: This study investigates the intricate link between workplace operational incidents and administrative errors, emphasizing the critical role of organizational and leadership accountability in mitigating error-enforcing conditions that precipitate incidents and degrade performance. Employing a robust qualitative approach, the research integrates a mixed- methods design encompassing naturalistic observation—both participant and non- participant—and unstructured interviews conducted with over 300 personnel within a Nigerian-based transnational organization. Data were meticulously analyzed using descriptive and deductive reasoning frameworks to elucidate the impact of leadership decisions and organizational practices on the prevalence of workplace errors and related incidents. The findings reveal a compelling pattern: more than 80% of workplace incidents, encompassing both physical injuries and psychological harm, originate from administrative errors linked to leadership styles and organizational culture. Key error-enforcing conditions identified include pervasive blame culture, inadequate fatigue management, favoritism, bullying, flawed performance appraisal systems, and a pronounced lack of employee empowerment. Notably, psychological injuries arising from these administrative errors—such as diminished self-esteem, depression, and chronic stress—were found to be more detrimental than physical injuries, exerting profound negative effects on employee motivation, productivity, and overall organisational performance. The study further underscores the frequent misinterpretation of incident causality and highlights the paramount importance of objective evaluation and leadership accountability as mechanisms to reduce incident recurrence effectively. In conclusion, the research advocates cultivating accountability at all organisational levels, enhancing leadership competencies, and promoting a culture grounded in empathy and objectivity within performance appraisal and incident management processes. Implementation of these measures is projected to foster safer, more productive work environments, thereby driving improved organisational outcomes. The study also calls for integrating accountability principles into corporate governance frameworks. It emphasises the need for transformational learning through causal reasoning to address the root causes of workplace errors and incidents, ultimately contributing to sustainable organisational excellence.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066096

Relentless Focus On Implementation Of Workers Participation In Management For The Growth And Development Of Industry Or Organisation A Case Study Of Tata Iron And Steel Co. Ltd. (TISCO) Jharkhand.

Authors: Dr. Dhirendra Kumar Verma

Abstract: Ours age is an age of management. it plays vital role of development of any Industry or organisations. This research paper explores role of worker's. Participation in management and its emplementation in Indian Industry for the growth and development of Industry. Worker's Participation in management is also main part of Human resource management. worker's participations in management is mainly based on democratic thinking and principles. Worker's Participation in management is not a specific technique but rather a concept of management. which advocate employees having voice in decission making process. In many countries like England, Sweden, Germany and U.S.A etc, In this field a lot of research works have been done. and support the significance of W.P.M.. Worker's participation in management was introduce in India in the year 1920. When Mahatama Gandhi suggested that workers should participate and contribute to the organisation and also share its prosperity with the increased participation of subordinate. The management should develop positve approach and favourable attitude to the participative management. It is hoped that Industry organisation can be certainly developed.

More Than “For Your Eyes Only”: Sensitive Security Information (SSI) And The Need To Know Duty

Authors: Justin Paul Iacouzzi

Abstract: Sensitive Security Information (SSI) defines a legally protected category of transportation security–related information that must be shared only on a need to know basis because careless disclosure can create real world safety, operational, and legal risks. SSI occupies a middle ground between public information and classified material, covering items such as security plans, vulnerability assessments, incident reports, and technical details that, if widely known, could enable someone to probe or defeat security measures. By distinguishing SSI from routine operational data and tying access to defined roles and purposes, organizations gain a practical mechanism for coordinating complex transportation security activities—across airports, seaports, rail, and freight—while limiting overexposure through controls grounded in 49 CFR Part 1520 and related authorities. At the center of this framework is the need to know principle, which requires that access decisions be based on concrete operational necessity rather than job title, proximity, or informal familiarity, and that covered persons—operators, contractors, vendors, and other authorized parties—treat SSI as a standing obligation rather than a discretionary courtesy. When implemented through aligned systems, clear policies, and scenario based training, SSI management becomes both a frontline security control and a living test of organizational ethics, demonstrating how integrity, accountability, and duty of care are expressed in everyday decisions about what is shared, with whom, and why.

An Empirical study on changing pattern of GST in Automobile Sector

Authors: Dr Kusum Yadav

Abstract: India is a drastically growing economy with impressive gross domestic product (GDP) growth. The nation is growing day by day with its massive GST (Goods and services tax) reforms. The GDP source of the nation came from various sectors. One of the its emerging sector Automobile industry takes a major stake in GDP of the nation, which manufacture and produces an ample number of motor vehicles every year, driven by the nation’s vast population. Earlier, automobile sector was having different types of GST including cess. But after introduction of GST 2.0 the taxes were revised and provide relief to middle class and lower-class income group. The GST 2.0 system was addressing the lacunas of earlier tax regime built on the principles of "one nation, one tax, one market," simplifying the earlier indirect taxation process for businesses and consumers. By replacing GST rates via GST 2.0 reform, the GST framework has made the system more effective, and efficient and ease of doing business and curtained the compliance burden on businesses in India. The present study highlights the contribution of the automobile sector. The study also explores the thoroughly analysis of different categories of goods of automobile sector under GST 2.0 regime.

Retaining Women in The Workforce HR Strategies for Every Life Stage

Authors: Ms. Anita Sahu, Dr. G. Tulasi Rao, Dr. Malla Purna Suri Ganesh

Abstract: Women constitute nearly half of the global talent pool, yet workforce participation, retention, and leadership representation continue to lag behind their male counterparts. This research paper examines the challenges women face at distinct life stages—early career, pre-family, maternity, mid-career, and senior leadership—and proposes targeted HR strategies to retain them. Using current numerical data from global and Indian sources, the paper highlights structural gaps and presents evidence-backed interventions. A formal hypothesis is included to support future empirical testing. Findings suggest that life-stage–specific HR policies significantly improve retention, engagement, and leadership progression among women.

DOI: http://doi.org/

Personal Selling As A Key Driver in The Promotion Mix for Water Treatment Chemicals in Industrial Markets

Authors: Mr. Kumaresan Rajendran, Dr. G. Tulasi Rao, Dr. Malla Purna Suri Ganesh

Abstract: Industrial markets for water treatment chemicals are characterized by high technical complexity, substantial purchase value, and the need for long-term buyer–seller relationships. Within the promotion mix, personal selling is widely regarded as the most effective communication tool due to its ability to address technical requirements and build buyer confidence. This study examines the association between the effectiveness of personal selling and the purchase decisions of industrial buyers using the Chi-Square test. Primary data were collected from a sample of 350 industrial respondents, including engineers, procurement managers, and plant operators. The statistical results reveal a significant relationship between personal selling effectiveness and purchase decisions, thereby confirming personal selling as a key driver in the promotion strategies of water treatment chemical companies operating in industrial markets.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18138750

A Multi-Agent Deep Learning And Reinforcement Learning Framework For Stock Price Prediction And Buy–Sell Decision Support In Volatile Equity Markets

Authors: GLN Sravan Kumar, Dr. Kasireddy Sandeep Reddy, K. Santoshini, B. Ramesh

Abstract: This study proposes a multi-agent deep learning framework, termed Neural-Arbitrage, designed to enhance stock price prediction and buy–sell decision support in volatile equity markets. The framework integrates convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural architectures, and deep reinforcement learning to model non-linear price dynamics, volatility clustering, and regime shifts. Using historical secondary market data for Apple Inc. (AAPL) and Tesla Inc. (TSLA), representing contrasting volatility profiles, the proposed model is empirically evaluated against traditional econometric models (ARIMA) and single-agent neural models (LSTM). Model performance is assessed using mean squared error, directional accuracy, and Sharpe ratio. Results indicate that the proposed multi-agent architecture achieves superior predictive accuracy and significantly improves risk-adjusted returns, particularly during high-volatility periods. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of cooperative learning and reinforcement-driven decision optimization in dynamic financial environments, contributing to the growing literature on intelligent algorithmic trading systems.

“Tacit knowledge Significatly boosts the decision – Making process”

Authors: Dr. Dhirendra Kumar Verma

Abstract: Modern age is an age of cut throat competition. It is very difficult to become a successful businessman in the modern age. We know very well that success in any business depends upon knowledge and the decision- making process. Knowledge is the main power. It is a valuable asset of any organisation or institution. In this research Paper we will discuss about tacit knowledge and how it boosts the decision making process. The decision making process is an intellectual Process which plays Vital role in development in any organisation. Tacit Knowledge is a hidden knowledge which can be acquired through experience, insight, Observation and meditation. Tacit knowledge was introduced by Michael Polanyi in the year 1958 in his book’ personal knowledge. Tacit Knowledge and decision making process is the main part of human resource Management. all managerial activity revolves around the decision Process. Tacit knowledge Is an intangible asset. It cannot be expressed easily. It can be passed on only by example. Tacit knowledge can be defined as skills, ideas and experiences. Tacit knowledge is accessible and how it plays an integral role in the context of strategic decision making. I hope that better decision making will occur when Tacit knowledge is applied at the time of decision making. Tacit knowledge is used in different areas as like health sector, education, business, industry or organisation strong Tacit knowledge sharing is vital for creating inviting solution. lastly, we can say that Tacit knowledge, can be applied in any sector and I hope that tremendous progress can be made certainly.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18160035

A Study On Investment Behaviour Of Bank Employees, Advocates And Academicians Towards Mutual Funds As A Part Of Their Investment Bucket”— Particularly Concerning Dibrugarh City Of Assam.

Authors: Priyanka Das, Samiran Sengupta, Riktika Dey, DR. Bipasha Chetia Barua

Abstract: Cash invested in a single asset is highly subjected to market risk but a diversified portfolio allows capturing growth from multiple sectors, improving the chances of long-term gains. Investments in mutual funds help investors achieve the targeted rate of return on their investments through diversification of assets and managing a well-balanced portfolio. However, investments in mutual funds depends upon factors like Knowledge , income level, gender , age, risk tolerance , time horizon, taxation etc occupation of the investors can also be considered as an important factor influencing investment pattern of mutual funds . In this paper a detailed study has been done laying emphasis on professional occupation like bank employees, advocates and academicians of Dibrugarh city to get insights into how their occupation influences their investment on mutual funds. The study is carried out with the objectives to identify the period of their investment in mutual funds, the influence of income level on their investment, their preference towards the types of mutual funds, other alternatives of assets on which they invest, their risk appetite and awareness level towards mutual funds and their satisfaction and future investment plans in mutual funds.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18161005

Thailand As A MICE Mega-Hub: Business Events In The Age Of Digital-Nomadism & Decentralization

Authors: Dr. Aphisavadh Sirivadhanawaravachara

Abstract: Thailand's rise as a major center for meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions is because of its good spot in Southeast Asia. The government supports building up the country's facilities, and Thailand is good at changing to fit what's happening around the world, like digital nomads and people working from different places. This writing looks at how Thailand's MICE industry has changed because of new tech, the pandemic, and how people now like events that are both in person and online. It checks out what matters when picking places, making sure the facilities are ready, the government helps, and everyone works together—all of which makes Thailand competitive for events around the world. The writing looks at big MICE cities such as Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phuket, and Pattaya. It thinks about the rules, how green things are, moving to digital stuff, and being aware of culture, which all matters for international business events. It talks about problems such as not having enough space, rules being tight, and competition from other places. The writing ends with ideas for Thailand to nail down its place as the top MICE spot in Asia-Pacific. This is because more people want events that can bend, use tech, and get culture.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18170235

Blame culture and its effects on organisational productivity – a case study of Mcpee Limited.

Authors: M. O. O. Ifesemen, Dr Dulari Rajput

Abstract: This research critically examines the pervasive effects of blame culture on organisational productivity, using Mcpee Limited—a production-oriented company based in Southern Nigeria—as a case study. The study explores how blame culture is embedded within the operational and social fabric of the company and investigates its impact on employee behaviour, work procedures, and overall organisational performance. This research investigates the pervasive effects of blame culture on organisational productivity, using Mcpee Limited, a production-oriented firm in Southern Nigeria, as a case study. The study aims to explore how blame culture is embedded within the company’s operational and social environment and its influence on employee behaviour, work procedures, and overall productivity. An inductive research approach with a descriptive design was adopted, employing a mixed- methods data collection strategy. Quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires administered to 314 employees across varied departments, while qualitative insights were obtained from 80 department heads and supervisors via in-depth interviews. This triangulation enabled a comprehensive understanding of how blame culture permeates the organization and affects its functioning. The findings reveal that blame culture cultivates a tense and insecure workplace, where employees avoid assuming responsibility for mistakes due to fear of punitive consequences. This environment suppresses risk-taking and innovation, thereby constraining the organization’s ability to adapt and improve continuously. Several factors perpetuate this culture, including rigid procedural frameworks that restrict employee discretion, entrenched favoritism and nepotism, and ineffective recognition and reward systems that fail to engage or motivate staff adequately. Moreover, blame culture fosters demotivation, learned helplessness, micromanagement, and erodes employee empowerment, trust, and cooperation. Managers, concerned about protecting their reputations, frequently shift blame downward instead of promoting accountability, resulting in excessive bureaucracy and decreased employee engagement. To counteract these detrimental effects, the study recommends shifting organizational culture from blame-oriented to accountability-focused. This transformation calls for promoting fairness and meritocracy by eliminating favouritism, encouraging teamwork and collaboration aligned with shared goals, and streamlining work processes to reduce unnecessary rigidity. Empowering employees to exercise discretion, creativity, and problem- solving initiative without fear of unjust repercussions is emphasized as critical for fostering innovation and boosting productivity. The study concludes that blame culture significantly undermines organizational productivity by creating a fearful and rigid work environment. It recommends transforming the culture from blame-oriented to accountability-focused by promoting fairness, teamwork, flexible work practices, and problem-solving approaches. Empowering employees to take initiative without fear of unjust punishment and recognizing their contributions can foster innovation and enhance productivity. These findings offer valuable insights for organizations seeking to cultivate a positive, supportive, and accountable workplace culture conducive to sustained performance improvement.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18170440

Workplace Bullying & Harassment: Historical Development, Legal Gaps, & The Ethical Duty To Protect Workers

Authors: Justin Paul Iacouzzi

Abstract: Workplace bullying and harassment are now recognized as psychosocial hazards and legal risks that undermine employee health, safety, and equal opportunity at work. This article traces the historical development of abusive workplace conduct from early coercive labor practices and industrial era exploitation through the emergence of sexual harassment doctrine, “mobbing” research, and contemporary understandings of psychological violence at work. It then examines how modern definitions of bullying and harassment have evolved across occupational health, organizational psychology, and anti discrimination law, highlighting conceptual ambiguities and regulatory gaps that leave many workers, especially those outside protected classes or in precarious roles, without effective legal remedies. Building on this foundation, the article differentiates status blind bullying from legally defined harassment, and analyzes how U.S. federal harassment jurisprudence, damage caps, and procedural hurdles shape the practical limits of protection. It synthesizes recent federal cases, EEOC enforcement trends, and illustrative verdicts and settlements to show how leadership inaction, flawed investigations, and weak accountability structures allow misconduct to escalate from low level incivility to severe, litigated harm. Particular attention is given to the health, psychological, and career impacts of sustained mistreatment, as well as its organizational costs in turnover, absenteeism, safety incidents, and reputational damage. Drawing on interdisciplinary scholarship, regulatory guidance, and case evidence, the article argues that effective prevention requires an integrated model that aligns legal compliance, psychosocial risk management, and leadership accountability rather than treating bullying and harassment solely as HR or legal issues. Core components of this model include clear, behavior based policy definitions; early warning indicators and climate assessments; robust, accessible reporting and investigation systems; trauma informed response protocols; and strong protections for complainants, witnesses, and bystanders. The article concludes by outlining practical implications and implementation priorities for HR, occupational safety and health professionals, compliance officers, and senior leaders seeking to move beyond minimal legal compliance toward proactive, prevention focused approaches that address workplace bullying and harassment before harm becomes irreparable or reaches the courtroom.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18196381

Performance of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in Jharkhand: A Case Study of Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank

Authors: Neha Sweta Minz, Minoti Manjhi, Ankit Kujur, Aditya Ekka, Supriya Shalini Toppo, Aiman Fatima, Dr. Narendra Singh, Dr. Jyoti Ignace Tete, Dr. Anirban Gupta, Dr. Ajay Kumar

Abstract: This research examines the financial and operational performance of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in Jharkhand, with a particular focus on the Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank (JRGB). RRBs were established to promote financial inclusion and provide credit to the rural economy, especially for small and marginal farmers, artisans, and labourers. This study evaluates JRGB's performance by analysing various financial metrics, participation in government schemes, loan recovery rates, technological integration, and its contribution to inclusive growth. The research investigates key indicators, including the growth in deposits and advances, non-performing assets (NPAs), profitability ratios, credit-deposit ratios, and the implementation of government schemes like Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), PM-KISAN, and MUDRA. Additionally, the study explores how JRGB has maintained financial stability while addressing the needs of marginalized rural communities. Key findings indicate that JRGB has successfully expanded its rural presence, reporting a customer base of over 2.5 million and opening more than 500,000 PMJDY accounts. In conclusion, the research highlights that JRGB has made significant contributions to rural economic development and financial inclusion in Jharkhand. Nonetheless, there is a pressing need for policy support, technological advancements, and improved credit risk management to sustain this growth. This study provides a micro-level perspective on how RRBs like JRGB can evolve into more robust pillars of rural banking and inclusive finance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18183896

Effectiveness Of SIP Investment Among Retail Investors In Jharkhand: A Survey-based Study

Authors: Supriya Samanta, Shristi Priya, Nita Srivastava, Shubham Kumar Thakur, Simerpreet Kaur, Dr. Narendra Singh, Dr. Sumita Roy, Dr. Ajay Kumar

Abstract: This research project Effectiveness of SIP Investment Among Retail Investors in Jharkhand explores the effectiveness of Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) as a preferred investment option among retail investors in the state of Jharkhand. The study aims to analyse investor awareness, behaviour, and satisfaction with returns from SIP investments, and to assess the role SIPs in helping investors to achieve their financial goals. The research adopts a descriptive design and uses a quantitative approach. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to 205 retail investors across major cities and towns in Jharkhand, including Ranchi. Secondary data sources such as AMFI reports, SEBI Annual Reports and mutual fund statistics were also referred to support the findings of the research project. For data analysis, statistical tools such as ANOVA and Linear Regression were used. ANOVA was used to examine differences in investment behaviour across demographic groups such as age, income, and education level. Linear regression analysis helped to assess the relationship between investor awareness, factors affecting investment, and satisfaction levels. The use of these analytical tools ensured a more unbiased and data-driven interpretation of the results. The results indicate that a significant proportion of retail investors perceive SIPs as a disciplined and low-risk investment option, especially for long-term wealth creation. Factors such as regular income, ease of access, and market volatility hedging were found to influence investor preference for SIPs. However, gaps in financial literacy and limited understanding of market dynamics were observed, particularly among first-time investors. The study concludes that while SIPs are effective in promoting regular investment habits and fostering financial inclusion, their success largely depends on investor education and awareness. It recommends enhanced financial literacy campaigns and personalized advisory services to improve SIP effectiveness and penetration in Jharkhand.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18184168

Impact of Corporate Training Program on Employee Productivity: Case Study of Ccl

Authors: Manisha Kerketta, Ankita Oraon, Amrit Xalxo, Md. Atif, Dr. Narendra Singh, Dr. Sandeep Kumar, Dr. Ajay Kumar

Abstract: This study examines the impact of corporate training at Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), Ranchi, on employee growth and organizational success. Based on feedback from 50 employees, the research finds that effective, well-structured training significantly improves productivity, skills, confidence, and job satisfaction. Training explains about 29% of the variation in employee productivity. Initiatives like E-Pathshala, safety training centres, and vocational programs reflect CCL’s commitment to learning and safety. However, challenges remain, including unequal access, outdated content, limited soft skills training, and a lack of follow-up. The study recommends more hands-on, tech-driven, and personalized approaches, emphasizing that strong training programs are key to both employee development and organizational performance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18185107

Investor Awareness And Mutual Fund Investment Trends In Jharkhand: A Survey-Based Study

Authors: Nandani Kumari, Suruchi, Tannu Lal, Joshi Tudu, Nisha Parween, Dr. Fr. Robert Pradeep Kujur, Dr. Narendra Singh, Dr. Ajay Kumar

Abstract: This study focuses on the relationship between investor awareness and mutual fund investment behaviour in the Jharkhand region of India. It used a survey-based descriptive research design to investigate the factors influencing mutual fund investing decisions, drawing on primary data obtained from urban and rural populations. The study examines financial literacy, perceived risk, information source, and socioeconomic factors like income, education, and occupation. Statistical tools for Simple Linear Regression. The study analysed responses from a sample size of 202 individuals across urban and rural Jharkhand. This data set provides a spotlight on the varying levels of mutual fund awareness and investment behaviour as influenced by socioeconomic and informational factors, and the findings highlight the growing but uneven levels of awareness about mutual fund structures, risk-return trade-offs, and investment practices such as SIPs. Notably, the study identifies major knowledge gaps and behavioural hurdles that prevent greater financial inclusion in mutual fund markets. It emphasizes the importance of investor education efforts in increasing market participation. This study adds region-specific data to the larger discussion of mutual fund penetration and financial literacy by providing a granular analysis of Jharkhand's investment patterns and awareness levels.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18184557

The Role of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in Tribal Development – A Study With Reference to Siddeshwara Hills, Erode District

Authors: Dr. K. V. Shanmugavadivu, Mr. K. P. Karthikeyan, Dr. P. Nandhini

Abstract: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is a key rural development initiative aimed at providing wage employment and improving livelihoods. This study explores its role in the socio-economic development of tribal communities Siddeshwara Hills, Erode District, focusing on employment generation, income enhancement, and rural asset creation. Tribal populations often face challenges like poverty, lack of resources, and seasonal migration. MGNREGS helps address these issues by ensuring job security and infrastructure development. Through an analysis of implementation and impact, this research highlights the scheme’s benefits and challenges while suggesting policy improvements to enhance its effectiveness in tribal regions for sustainable development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18195133

Impact Of Digital Marketing On Consumers And Merchandisers

Authors: Mr. Rahul Sharma, Ms. Avantika Tripathi

Abstract: India is emerging as one of the largest economies in the world. We are currently in the 3rd position in the global economy. Digital India has played a vital role in this. Every citizen, especially the new generation — Gen Z — is updating themselves digitally every day, trying new and advanced technologies and AI, engaging in innovations, and making their daily lives more interesting. Now, the population that is using the internet to make their lives more dynamic every hour is bound to drive impressive innovations and experiments in the business world. We are moving towards digitalization in every sector at a rapid pace. Approximately 900 million users are reportedly using the internet in India and going online every day; this number includes 488 million users from rural areas alone. In today’s fast-paced world, going online is a significant aspect of every individual’s life. The business world is not untouched by this digitalization either. In fact, in today's time, digital marketing has become a major tool for promoting businesses. This research paper will help us understand more about the interrelationship between digital marketing and business growth. It will explore both the positive and negative impacts of digital marketing technologies. It will also examine consumer expectations and their repercussions when a business's profit and image are built online — irrespective of a strong or weak offline presence. E-commerce, fintech, education, and healthcare sectors are receiving a very positive response to updated technologies, making their services faster and more easily accessible. Digital Marketing of and Indian Business is formed with many components like social media marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), content marketing, email marketing, influencer marketing, and mobile advertising. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube.

Liquidity Management Practices Of Indian Banks Through Money Market Instruments

Authors: D Harish, Madhura V Bhat, Sainath BM, Santhoshi Lakshmi A, Dr. Abhijit Chakraborty

Abstract: Liquidity is one of the most important needs of any bank because it ensures that banks always have enough cash to meet customer withdrawals, payments, and regulatory requirements. If liquidity is not managed well, even a strong bank can face serious problems. In India, banks use different money market instruments to manage short-term liquidity. These include call money, Treasury Bills, Certificates of Deposit, Commercial Papers, and repo and reverse repo transactions. These tools help banks quickly borrow or invest funds for very short periods, depending on whether they have a shortage or surplus of liquidity. This research paper explains how Indian banks use these instruments to maintain stable liquidity and support daily operations. The study is fully based on secondary data collected from RBI reports, banking journals, published research papers, and financial websites. The analysis shows that public and private sector banks widely use call money and repo operations because they are flexible, safe, and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. Treasury Bills and Certificates of Deposit are also used to meet statutory requirements and raise funds during tight liquidity periods. The study also identifies some challenges faced by banks. These include sudden liquidity shocks, fast changes in interest rates, seasonal cash demand, and dependence on RBI liquidity support. Smaller banks face more difficulty due to limited access to money market instruments. Overall, the paper concludes that Indian banks must strengthen their liquidity strategies by improving forecasting, using more digital tools, and diversifying their liquidity instruments to maintain long-term financial stability.

Humanity—Centered Leadership: Servant Leadership with A Worldview

Authors: Sarkar. S, Erochkina. O.A

Abstract: The authors show how the concept of servant leadership can be enhanced by combining it with the notion of making the world a better place. Capitalism is under attack, and several organizations are positing that companies have to demonstrate how it is possible to make a profit and at the same time improve the world. Authentic servant leadership is about elevating all of humanity, not just one's employees. Indeed, this is precisely what the servant leaders of the Bible stressed.

Strategic Decision Making and Organization Performance

Authors: Sarkar. S, Erochkina. O.A

Abstract: This paper aims to present and discuss the astrategic dissicion making and organization performance, by a review of the relevant literature has shown that a large number of previous studies have attempted to focuse on the importance of strategic dissicion making, in addition to what it is impact on the organization’s performance. However, this study contributes to the understanding of factors, which influence managers, decision and performance like environment factors, leadership behavior, organizational justice, decision approach and process. The study concluded by reviewing the literature and previous studies indicate that the strategic decision-making process plays an important role in the effective performance of the organization.The studies also showed that the internal and external environmental factors that affect the performance of the managers to make strategic decisions, As well as, the using of decision support systems help decision-makers in providing the required information in time, which helps to raise the performance of the strategic decision that a direct impact on performance of the organization.

Role of Palash (JSLPS) in Promoting Agribusiness in Ranchi District, Jharkhand: An Institutional and Community-Based Perspective

Authors: Nishi Kant Niraj, Ravi Bhushan Kumar, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Raju, Pankaj Kumar Singh

Abstract: Agribusiness has emerged as a critical driver of rural economic transformation in developing regions, particularly where traditional agriculture alone is insufficient to ensure sustainable livelihoods. In India, states with high rural and tribal populations face persistent challenges related to market access, value addition, and income instability among smallholder farmers and community-based producers. Jharkhand represents one such context, where abundant natural resources coexist with structural constraints in agribusiness development. In response, the Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society (JSLPS) has introduced the Palash brand as an institutional mechanism to promote value addition, branding, and market integration of products produced by Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and Producer Groups. This research paper examines the role of Palash in promoting agribusiness in Ranchi district of Jharkhand. Drawing upon a synthesis of institutional analysis, field-oriented insights, and secondary data, the study explores how Palash functions as a state-led rural enterprise model linking community producers with formal markets. The paper highlights the significance of collective entrepreneurship, women-led production systems, and institutional branding in enhancing agribusiness outcomes. It further identifies structural challenges related to market access, operational efficiency, and ecosystem coordination that influence the effectiveness of the Palash model. By focusing on Ranchi district as a representative case, the study contributes to contemporary discourse on inclusive agribusiness development and offers policy-relevant insights for strengthening community-based enterprise models in rural India.

Employer Branding As A Strategic Link Between Human Resource Management And Marketing Effectiveness

Authors: Kota Kalyan Kumar

Abstract: In the contemporary competitive business environment, organizations increasingly recognize the importance of integrating internal human resource strategies with external marketing efforts to enhance overall performance. Employer branding has emerged as a strategic mechanism that connects Human Resource Management (HRM) practices with marketing effectiveness by shaping organizational reputation and stakeholder perceptions. The present study examines employer branding as a mediating link between HRM practices and marketing effectiveness. Using a quantitative research design, primary data were collected from 220 employees working in medium and large organizations through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation, regression, and mediation analysis were employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that HRM practices have a significant positive impact on employer branding and marketing effectiveness. Employer branding was also found to significantly enhance marketing effectiveness and partially mediate the relationship between HRM practices and marketing effectiveness. The study contributes to the literature by empirically validating the integrative role of employer branding and offers practical insights for managers to align HR and marketing strategies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

The Growth Of Social Entreprenership In India – A Conceptual Study

Authors: Dr. Gunda Srinivas, Dr. Burla Naresh

Abstract: Social entrepreneurship has gained significant attention and popularity in India and elsewhere. Individuals have found this notion of philanthropy to be quite captivating in its essence. Its blend of humanitarian service and enterprise is unparalleled, making it highly appealing and distinct. This article provides an extensive examination of several subjects pertaining to social entrepreneurship, encompassing the conceptual framework and the method involved in social entrepreneurship. The research paper addresses the diverse obstacles encountered by social entrepreneurs and presents its suggestions to enhance the overall state of social entrepreneurship in India. The research article delves deeper into the comparison and distinction between social and economic entrepreneurship, while also elucidating the characteristics of a social entrepreneur. The paper also elucidates the notions of social needs and social innovations from the perspective of entrepreneurship. This study paper highlights the potential of social entrepreneurship to bring about significant changes and impact on the social structure and fabric in India and other industrialized nations, particularly at the bottom of the socioeconomic pyramid.

“Human Resource Strategies for Effective Change Management in Organizations”

Authors: Shreya Vijaykumar Ingale, Dr. Janvi Rathi, Dr. Janvi Rathi

Abstract: This study examines the strategic role of Human Resource (HR) practices in facilitating effective change management within contemporary organizations. The research addresses the problem that many change initiatives fail due to people-related factors such as employee resistance, inadequate communication, and insufficient skill readiness. Using a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach based on secondary data—peer-reviewed journals, organizational case studies, and established change models (Lewin, Kotter, and Ulrich)—the study conducts a thematic content analysis to identify core HR strategies that influence change outcomes. Key findings indicate that integrated HR practices—transparent communication, targeted training and capacity building, leadership development, employee engagement, performance alignment, and emotional support—collectively reduce resistance, increase readiness, and improve the likelihood of sustained transformation. The analysis highlights the interdependence of these strategies and underscores HR’s role as a strategic partner that bridges management objectives and employee needs. Practical implications suggest that managers should prioritize continuous communication, reskilling programs, leadership coaching, and reward systems aligned with change goals. The study concludes with recommendations for HR-driven change frameworks and suggests areas for future empirical research, including HR analytics and comparative studies across industries.

Trends And Techniques In Machine Learning For Network Anomaly Detection

Authors: Narendra Reddy Burramukku

Abstract: The rapid evolution of cloud computing and software-defined networking has led to increasingly complex, distributed, and dynamic network infrastructures. Managing performance, reliability, and security in such environments requires intelligent, automated, and adaptive network management solutions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have emerged as transformative technologies for enhancing network management by enabling predictive analytics, anomaly detection, traffic optimization, and autonomous decision-making. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of AI- and ML-driven techniques for modern network management, with a focus on cloud, software-defined, and virtualized network environments. The study systematically reviews supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning approaches applied to network monitoring, fault detection, traffic engineering, and security management. It further analyzes architectural frameworks integrating AI/ML with Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and cloud-native platforms. Key challenges such as data quality, model scalability, explainability, real-time decision-making, and security risks are critically discussed. Additionally, the paper highlights emerging research directions including self-healing networks, intent-based networking, federated learning, and AI-driven zero-touch network operations. By consolidating algorithms, architectures, and application domains, this survey provides a structured reference for researchers and practitioners aiming to design intelligent, scalable, and resilient network management systems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18384146

The Impact Of Progressive Income Tax On Income Disparity In India

Artificial Intelligence In Enhancing Hybrid Mode Of Teaching – Educators Perspective Across Bengaluru City

Economic Perspectives On Science And Society: Towards Sustainable Growth Through Green Technology, Social Innovation, And Policy Integration

The Role Of Sustainable Business Practices In Driving Innovation And Responsibility Across Sectors

The Impact Of Green Finance On Economic Growth: Evidence From Emerging Economies

A Conceptual Study On Work Life Balance Among Women Entrepreneurs: Strategies And Challenges

Skill Training And Job Creation: A Study Of PMKVY Implementation In Karnataka

Green Finance And Investment Trends In India: Opportunities And Challenges

Advancing Sustainability Through The Synergy Of Science, Society And Commerce

Effect of Mobile Payment Options on Customer Satisfaction in Indian E-Commerce

“The Interrelationship Between Education And Economic Development: An Analysis Of Investment Patterns”

The Cognitive Analysis of Downsizing Alternatives: The Employee Perspective.

Corporate Governance Disclosures And Financial Performance Of Listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) In Nigeria

Sacred Journeys Of Southeast Asia – Thailand’s Role In Shaping Religious Tourism Across The ASEAN Economic Community

Can Changes In The Exchange Rate Be Considered As Appropriate Policy To Improve The Trade Balance For Angola’s Economy? A Test Of The Marshall-Lerner Condition.

Green Banking Initiatives In India: Towards A Sustainable Financial Ecosystem

The Effectiveness Of Different Marketing Strategies Across Demographics: A Focus On Generation Z

Algorithmic Fairness In Product Recommendations: An Empirical Study Of Bias In Indian E-Commerce Platforms

Customized Training Programs and Its Impact on Employee Participation

Can Changes In The Exchange Rate Be Considered As Appropriate Policy To Improve The Trade Balance For Angola’s Economy? A Test Of The Marshall-Lerner Condition.

Going Green – A Step Towards Sustainability

The Role Of Green Investment In Long-Term GDP Growth

Behavioral Biases And Investment Decisions: An Empirical Study On Retail Investors In India

Strategic Environmental Compliance In Warehousing: Integrating Regulation, Sustainability, And Organizational Legitimacy

Impact Of GST 2.0 Reforms On The Indian Economy

Impact Of Inflation On Investment With Special Reference To Gold And Silver

‘A Study On Non-Performing Assets And Their Implications For Financial Stability In Commercial Banking’

Employer Credibility Perception Of Digital Micro‑Credentials Vs. Formal Academic Programs: An Indian Perspective

Sustainable Customer Satisfaction in Indian Online Shopping: Evidence from Tumkur District

Unlocking India’s Renewable Energy potential: Challenges and Opportunities

Review Of Agricultural Credit And Economic Growth

From Policy To Practice: Why Citing Regulations Won’t Keep Your Warehouse Safe

The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Business: Performance, Mechanisms and Managerial Implications

A Study On Impact Of International Tariffs On Cottage Industries: With Reference To Karnataka State

The Transformative Impact Of Science: Advancing Society, Health, And Human Progress

“Examining The Impact Of Digital Banking On The Performance Of Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) In Karnataka”

Pricing As A Key Factor Used By Online Wholesaler And Retailers To Attract Online Consumers – A Study With Reference To Retail Industry In Bangalore Rural And Urban

Socio-Political Nuances Of Indian Society In Upamanyu Chatterjee’s The Last Burden

Economic Impacts Of Climate Change And The Circular Economy In Emerging Economies

Impact Of GST 2.0 On Consumer Goods: An Analytical Study

Mobilizing Private Capital Through Blended Finance Mechanisms To Accelerate U.S. Startup Growth In Strategic Sectors: A Framework For Economic Competitiveness And National Security

A Critical Review of the Economic and Financial Dimensions of Sustainable Construction Adoption in Sri Lanka

Navigating Change: The Impact of Interest Rate Fluctuations On Small Business Financing

The Impact Of Underwriting On Share Pricing And Market Stability

Ai’s Role in Talent Acquisition and Management

Ai’s Role in Talent Acquisition and Management

Assessing The Capabilities of Ai in Private Real Estate Development Within the Construction Sector

Does Corporate Acquisition Announcement Generates Abnormal Returns: An Analysis Using FF3 Model

Emergence and Growth Drivers of Unicorn Businesses in India: An Analytical Study

A Study On The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence In Higher Education: An Empirical Study

Green Mutual Funds In India: A Comprehensive Comparative Performance Analysis

A Study on the Relationship Between CRM Adoption and Customer Satisfaction

To Examine The Adequacy Of Welfare Facilities Available To Employees And Its Impact On Job Satisfaction And Organisational Commitment

“ The Impact Of Structured Onboarding On Employee Retention

A Study On The Role Of Financial Management At Physics Wallah

The Impact Of Structured Onboarding On Employee Retention

The Effects Of Innovation On Organizational Performance

Opportunities for Rural Entrepreneurs Through E-Marketing Platforms.

Digital Transformation and Tax Compliance Enhancement: A Comparative Analysis of HMRC and Global Tax Authorities

A study on customer satisfaction about E-Bike users in Erode District

Customer Satisfaction Towrds E-Banking Services With Reference To Select Public Sector Banks In Tircuhirappalli City

Sustainabilityand Green Marketing: Impact on Consumer Perception and Purchase Intention

Portfolio Management Strategies And Performance Analysis Of FMCG And IT Sector Stocks

Nudging MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Towards Sustainable Practices: A Behavioral Framework

The Role Of Search Engine Optimization In E-Commerce Attracting And Converting Young Professionals

Post-Pandemic Wellness Capital: Thailand’s Global Leadership In Holistic Health Tourism

The Impact Of Financial Leverage On Firm Profitability: Evidence From Emerging Asian Markets.

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Organizational Culture with Respect to Automation and Robotics in The Diamond Industry

A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Key Factors Influencing Women’s Decisions Towards Online Shopping

A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) Model For Marketing Strategy Selection In The Real Estate Industry

Test Paper Title By Akshay 09122025

The AI Concierge And Human Touch: Balancing Innovation With Thai Hospitality Heart

Effective Policy and Enforcement for Resolving Atrocities/Conflicts Enabled by Landed Property Ownership in Nigeria

Assessing The Capabilities of Ai in Private Real Estate Development Within the Construction Sector

Reducing Workplace Incidents / Poor Performance By Holding Organisations And Leaders Accountable

Relentless Focus On Implementation Of Workers Participation In Management For The Growth And Development Of Industry Or Organisation A Case Study Of Tata Iron And Steel Co. Ltd. (TISCO) Jharkhand.

More Than “For Your Eyes Only”: Sensitive Security Information (SSI) And The Need To Know Duty

An Empirical study on changing pattern of GST in Automobile Sector

Retaining Women in The Workforce HR Strategies for Every Life Stage

Impact Of GST 2.0 On Consumer Goods: An Analytical Study