Authors:-Research Scholar Anurag Singh Parihar, Associate Professor Dr. C.P. Gujar

Abstract- This research paper delves into the intricate dynamics of Goods and Services Tax (GST) collection growth in India over a five-year period, from the financial year 2019-20 to 2023-24. By leveraging comprehensive data analysis, the study aims to unravel the multifaceted factors influencing GST collection trends, including economic activities, policy changes, compliance rates, and administrative measures. The paper begins with an overview of the GST framework, followed by a detailed examination of annual and quarterly GST revenue data. Key economic indicators are correlated with GST collection to highlight the impact of macroeconomic conditions. Furthermore, the research incorporates a comparative analysis of sectoral contributions to GST revenue, identifying sectors with significant growth and those lagging behind. The findings reveal critical insights into the effectiveness of GST implementation and its adaptability to changing economic landscapes. This analysis not only underscores the strengths and weaknesses in the current GST system but also offers strategic recommendations for enhancing revenue mobilization and ensuring sustainable fiscal growth. By providing a holistic view of GST collection dynamics, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on tax policy and economic reform in India.

A Study on Impact of FDI on Indian Economy– An Empirical Analysis

Authors:-Assistant Professor Dr. Pooja Kumari, Associate Professor Dr. R. Vennila

Abstract- A lot of debate is going on about the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the process of growth has been hot in a number of nations, including India. The foundation and prerequisite for economic development and growth is investment. In addition to a country’s foreign exchange reserves, other factors that are essential to its health include exports, government revenue, financial status, the amount of available domestic savings, and the volume and caliber of foreign investment. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of FDI on Indian Economy. To meet the objective of the study time series data is used 2005 to 2023. Variables used in the study are Foreign Direct Investment as dependent variable and Gross Domestic Capital Formation (GDCF), export, import, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Exchange Reserve (FER) and Wholesale Price Index (WPI)as independent variables. Techniques used in this study are descriptive test, correlation and regression analysis. FDI exhibits a positive correlation with variables such as GDCF (0.44), Export (0.38), Import (0.42), GDP (0.44), and FER (0.44). This implies that a 1% increase in FDI corresponds to a corresponding degree of change in other variables. The correlation between WPI and FDI is negative, or – 0.22, indicating that the two variables go in different directions. The study concluded that FDI statically significantly impact on Indian economy.

Unveiling the Dynamics of Goods and Services Tax (GST) Collection Growth: A Comprehensive Analysis from Financial Year 2019-20 to 2023-24

Authors:-Research Scholar Anurag Singh Parihar, Associate Professor Dr. C.P. Gujar

Abstract- This research paper delves into the intricate dynamics of Goods and Services Tax (GST) collection growth in India over a five-year period, from the financial year 2019-20 to 2023-24. By leveraging comprehensive data analysis, the study aims to unravel the multifaceted factors influencing GST collection trends, including economic activities, policy changes, compliance rates, and administrative measures. The paper begins with an overview of the GST framework, followed by a detailed examination of annual and quarterly GST revenue data. Key economic indicators are correlated with GST collection to highlight the impact of macroeconomic conditions. Furthermore, the research incorporates a comparative analysis of sectoral contributions to GST revenue, identifying sectors with significant growth and those lagging behind. The findings reveal critical insights into the effectiveness of GST implementation and its adaptability to changing economic landscapes. This analysis not only underscores the strengths and weaknesses in the current GST system but also offers strategic recommendations for enhancing revenue mobilization and ensuring sustainable fiscal growth. By providing a holistic view of GST collection dynamics, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on tax policy and economic reform in India.

The Downsizing Announcement: The Cognitive Analysis in the IT Sector

Authors:-Assistant Professor Dr. Meghna Sharma

Abstract- This research analyses different types of downsizing announcements in the IT sector. A cognitive analysis has been done to understand various types of downsizing announcements and how IT employees perceive them. A descriptive analysis has been done on the methods adopted by the IT companies to announce downsizing such as media announcements, internal declaration, feedback after declaring the downsizing, and storytelling method. The research concluded that employees prefer the storytelling method in making the downsizing announcement wherein they get the opportunity to understand that they may find better options in their career path.

A Study on Impact of FDI on Indian Economy– An Empirical Analysis

Authors:-Assistant Professor Dr. Pooja Kumari, Associate Professor Dr. R. Vennila

Abstract- A lot of debate is going on about the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the process of growth has been hot in a number of nations, including India. The foundation and prerequisite for economic development and growth is investment. In addition to a country’s foreign exchange reserves, other factors that are essential to its health include exports, government revenue, financial status, the amount of available domestic savings, and the volume and caliber of foreign investment. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of FDI on Indian Economy. To meet the objective of the study time series data is used 2005 to 2023. Variables used in the study are Foreign Direct Investment as dependent variable and Gross Domestic Capital Formation (GDCF), export, import, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Exchange Reserve (FER) and Wholesale Price Index (WPI)as independent variables. Techniques used in this study are descriptive test, correlation and regression analysis. FDI exhibits a positive correlation with variables such as GDCF (0.44), Export (0.38), Import (0.42), GDP (0.44), and FER (0.44). This implies that a 1% increase in FDI corresponds to a corresponding degree of change in other variables. The correlation between WPI and FDI is negative, or – 0.22, indicating that the two variables go in different directions. The study concluded that FDI statically significantly impact on Indian economy.

Efficiency of Pareto Optimality for Consumption and Production

Authors:-Pakhshan M R Palani, Ali jalal Hussen

Abstract- Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, is an economic condition where possessions cannot be rearranged to make one specific better off without creating at least one individual worse off. In this paper, the main objective is to focus on the empirical implications of Pareto optimal provision of public goods and of competitive equilibrium with public goods. The data set to test the empirical implications does not require full information on individual private goods consumption, and only involves market prices, aggregate endowments and production, government tax revenue and individual incomes. The research is based on reviewing and analyzing 15 different articles in a variety of international peer reviewed journal. The overall results show that the Pareto principle in mathematical economy can be used to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for observable data to be consistent with Pareto optimal provision of public goods and competitive equilibrium with public goods, respectively. Furthermore, the research has confirmed that Pareto efficiency is occurring when an organisation or entrepreneurs has its resources and goods apportioned to the supreme level of efficiency, and no alteration can be made without creating someone worsened. The study recommends the business world, factory managers to adopt Pareto development trials, in which they relocate labor capitals to attempt to increase the output of gathering workers without say, declining the productivity of the stuffing and delivery workers.

A Study on the Comparison of Mutual Fund Schemes in India

Authors:-Pallavi Rai Chandra Shekhar

Abstract- This study investigates the dynamics of mutual fund performance in India, focusing on factors such as investor behavior, regulatory influences, technological advancements, and the growing popularity of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) funds. It provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of mutual funds, both globally and in the Indian context, examining key performance evaluation metrics, investor preferences, and the role of financial technology in enhancing mutual fund accessibility. Drawing from a wide range of domestic and international literature, this research aims to fill existing gaps in mutual fund performance studies, offering insights into the impact of recent regulatory changes, the growing influence of digital platforms, and the shift toward sustainable investing. The findings underscore the significance of investor education, cost efficiency, and the resilience of ESG funds during market downturns. This research also identifies areas for future exploration, such as the long-term effects of emerging technologies on mutual fund transparency and performance.

Economic Impact of Self-Help Group Members in Lucknow and Basti District, Uttar Pradesh: An Analytical Study

Authors:-Pallavi Rai Chandra Shekhar

Abstract- This study explores the economic impact of Self-Help Group (SHG) membership on individuals in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India—Lucknow (urban) and Basti (rural). The study evaluates the impact of SHGs on income, savings, access to credit, and livelihood diversification among 300 participants—200 SHG members (100 from each district) and 100 non-members. Both quantitative data (survey) and qualitative data (interviews and focus group discussions) were collected. The results show a notable improvement in economic outcomes for SHG members in both districts, although members in Lucknow experienced a significantly higher increase in income and livelihood diversification. The rural district of Basti faces challenges such as market access, digital illiteracy, and infrastructural limitations, which hinder the full potential of SHGs. Recommendations emphasize infrastructural improvements, digital literacy, and financial inclusion programs, particularly for rural SHGs, to enhance their long-term sustainability and impact.

The Future of Strategic Entrepreneurship

Authors:-Manish Kumar Chaudhari, Arjita Jaiswal

Abstract- In the evolving world of business, where sustainability and innovation are critical, Precisionpreneurship emerges as a cutting-edge entrepreneurial model. It redefines traditional entrepreneurship by integrating calculated decision-making, disruptive innovation, and a focus on long-term societal impact.

Human VS. Machine: The Balance of AI and Human Judgment in HR Decisions

Authors:-Assistant Professor Dr. Ankita Singh

Abstract- The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource (HR) decision-making has truly transformed how we approach recruitment, performance reviews, and employee engagement. With AI-driven tools, organizations can boost their efficiency by automating tasks, minimizing biases, and making more informed decisions based on data. However, there are still valid concerns about the ethical implications of AI, its lack of emotional intelligence, and the potential for reinforcing biases in hiring and promotion processes. This paper delves into the complex relationship between AI and human judgment in HR, examining how AI can enhance decision-making while ensuring that human oversight maintains fairness, ethical standards, and contextual understanding. By using a mixed-method approach, the study gathers insights from HR professionals on the integration of AI, focusing on key issues like transparency, accountability, and trust in AI-assisted decisions. The findings reveal that while AI significantly boosts efficiency and accuracy in HR tasks, human judgment remains essential for subjective assessments, such as cultural fit, employee well-being, and resolving conflicts. The research proposes a hybrid model that combines AI’s analytical strengths with human insight as the best approach for HR decision-making. This study contributes to the ongoing conversation about AI’s role in HR, offering recommendations for organizations to implement AI responsibly while maintaining ethical practices. It emphasizes the importance of establishing AI governance frameworks, highlighting that AI should complement, not replace, human HR professionals.

Authors:- Research Scholar Sukhada Koppikar

Abstract- Investing in women’s financial literacy is not just an ethical imperative, but a strategic investment in a more sustainable future. This paper explores the crucial link between financial literacy and women’s empowerment, emphasising its impact on individual well-being, economic growth, and societal progress. Women empowerment goes beyond simply having rights on paper. It requires access to resources, decision-making power, and the ability to influence outcomes without undue social or economic pressure. It’s not just about financial independence, but also about freeing women from dependence on men or family for basic needs and opportunities. This includes social, cultural, and political independence as well. The statistic of 50% economically dependent women highlights the vastness of the issue in India. It emphasises the need for widespread and targeted interventions to address this challenge. This paper examines the financial behaviour and product knowledge of working women in Maharashtra. Financial literacy consists of combining efforts of knowledge and skills with saving and investment behaviour to generate wealth. Financial products are complex and require rational planning and a deep understanding of the basic functioning of financial products. Proper planning of income is crucial for leading a debt-free and financially healthy retirement. Financial product literacy consists of knowledge of financial worth, PPF, Equity shares, Preference shares, Recurring deposits, Bonds, Mutual Funds, SIP’s, Market regulator RBI and insurance coverage. Urban working women need to actively participate in financial planning and investing. This is possible if they possess the knowledge and tools of investing. The study aims to understand the present levels of financial literacy both basic and advanced possessed by urban women.

Authors:- Vidhi Nayyar, Vedang Khopkar

Abstract- The present study aims to delve into the perception of the youth and working class of India about CBDC- a new financial technology backed by the Reserve Bank of India. The study will help to understand the various perspectives and insights about this novel technology and thus try to comprehend and infer on its various implications, possible benefits, drawbacks and changes it would bring in place due to its adoption. This study sheds light on the application of concepts like centralisation, blockchain technology and smart contracts, which are integrated into it.

Authors:- Tiana Kukreja

Abstract- In recent years, marketing has dramatically shifted with the rise of influencer marketing. Social media influencers (SMIs) with significant followings and authenticity are now pivotal in reaching target audiences, bolstering brand awareness, and driving revenue. Brands collaborate with SMIs, creating a symbiotic relationship that promotes products and enhances brand appeal. Understanding the impact on brand trust and consumer loyalty requires examining alignment with target audiences, influencer reach, engagement levels, follower demographics, and brand sentiment. Influencers provide a more relatable alternative to traditional endorsements, reshaping marketing paradigms. This study explores how influencer marketing affects consumers using a social media influencer value model that highlights advertising value and source credibility. An online survey reveals that informative, trustworthy, attractive, and relatable influencer content boosts trust in branded posts, increasing brand awareness and purchase intentions. Additionally, the study examines how demographic factors like gender, income, and education affect the relationship between SMIs and choice imitation, offering insights for strategies to enhance brand loyalty and consumer engagement.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61463/ijnrefm.vol.2.issue3.110

Authors:- Adewale Abidemi Aremu

Abstract- This study assessed the uptake or adoption of the poultry-based risk insurance policy by poultry farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Ondo State was selected due to the number of the population of poultry farmers and the viable organization of the farmers into an association named Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN). The specific objectives of this research were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the poultry farmers in the study area; examine the level of awareness among poultry farmers in Ondo State, regarding the poultry-based risk insurance policy.; assess the factors influencing the decision of poultry farmers in Ondo State to adopt or reject the poultry-based risk insurance policy; evaluate the perceived benefits and challenges associated with the uptake of the poultry-based risk insurance policy among poultry farmers in Ondo State; and, explore the perceptions and attitudes of poultry farmers in Ondo State towards risk management and insurance practices in the poultry industry. Through the organized association, primary data were randomly collected from 120 registered farmers in six Local Government Areas across the three senatorial districts (2 LGAs each) of the State. Additionally, to buttress some of the objectives, data were collected from six insurance companies offering poultry insurance policy and four agricultural credit lending financial institutions present in Ondo State. Well structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents using interview method. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and probit regression model. Empirical results revealed that a majority of respondents (76.7%) considered insurance to be important for their poultry business. However, only 23.3% of respondents reported having farm insurance. The results of the Probit regression analysis suggest that years of experience and awareness have a significant impact on the likelihood of being insured, while other factors such as age, education, household size, income, and affordability do not show statistically significant associations with insurance uptake. The mean age of the respondents was approximately 33years. Among the respondents, seven individuals (5.8%) identified as female, while the majority of respondents, 113 individuals (94.2%), identified as male. These results show that youth and female participation in poultry farming was very low. The majority of respondents (68 individuals, 56.7%) had 6-10 years of experience, while 32 respondents (26.7%) had 11-15 years of experience. A smaller proportion of respondents (8 individuals, 6.7%) indicated having 16 or more years of experience in the poultry farming industry. This implies that majority of the respondents had enough experience to participate in poultry farming and would be productive. Cross-tabulation of many variables was done to determine the significance of each of them to adoption of poultry-based poultry insurance. It was recommended that various channels, including government agencies, insurance companies, agricultural cooperatives and poultry Association of Nigeria be used to popularize the need for insurance cover for poultry farms. Insurance companies should design the policy in a tailored manner that will encourage poultry farmers to uptake insurance policy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61463/ijnrefm.vol.2.issue3.109

Authors:- Shrikant Jaiswal

Abstract- This case study examines Tata Digital’s strategic acquisition of BigBasket, a leading player in India’s burgeoning online grocery market. The research investigates the underlying motivations driving this merger and acquisition (M&A) deal, with a specific focus on the strategic fit between both entities, financial implications, regulatory compliance, and challenges of cultural integration. By analyzing the market dynamics, financial performance, and regulatory landscape, this study aims to uncover the potential synergies and risks associated with the acquisition. The findings shed light on the evolving landscape of India’s commerce sector and the strategies employed by conglomerates like Tata to expand their digital footprint and capture market share in the rapidly growing online grocery segment. Additionally, the study delves into the complexities of integrating diverse organizational cultures and the regulatory hurdles faced in high-stakes M&A transactions. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the success of M&A deals in emerging markets and offers valuable insights for both practitioners and academics in the field of corporate restructuring and strategic management.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61463/ijnrefm.vol.2.issue3.108

Authors:- Alli Noah Gbenga

Abstract- This study investigated the relationship between Business Risk Management (BRM) ideology and the entrepreneurial development of students in tertiary institutions within Southwestern Nigeria. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from a sample of 1918 students across five federal universities in the region. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire designed to gather information on risk identification, risk assessment and evaluation, risk mitigation and control strategies, entrepreneurial intentions, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial behavior. The findings suggest a positive relationship between BRM ideology and the entrepreneurial development of students. Specifically, risk identification was found to significantly influence entrepreneurial intentions (p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Risk assessment and evaluation also demonstrated a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial intentions (p < 0.01), self-efficacy (p < 0.01), and entrepreneurial behavior (p < 0.05). Additionally, risk mitigation and control strategies were found to significantly contribute to entrepreneurial intentions (p < 0.01), self-efficacy (p < 0.01), and entrepreneurial behavior (p < 0.01). These findings highlight the importance of integrating BRM education into the curriculum of tertiary institutions in Southwestern Nigeria. By equipping students with the knowledge and skills to identify, assess, and mitigate potential risks, they are better prepared to navigate the challenges and uncertainties inherent in entrepreneurial ventures. This, in turn, can contribute to the growth of a vibrant and resilient entrepreneurial ecosystem in the region.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61463/ijnrefm.vol.2.issue3.107

Authors:- Ms. Pawani Reddy, Dr. Sanjeev Mishra, Dr. A. K. Chaturvedi

Abstract- Rationale: Growing expectations and need of stakeholders followed with technological advancements at different ends of the Supply Chain (SC) are making the entire chain quite complex, and prone to disruptions and indecisive. To manage several aspects associated with the continuity of business processes, it become imperative to manage the supply chain risks associated with disruptions implicitly and explicitly. In this context interest of the academicians, researchers and industrialists for Industry 4.0 and related technologies for managing the disruptions of SC is burgeoning. The principal objective of the present research work is to qualitatively assess the relative effect of the Industry 4.0 tools and technologies on the SC visibility and flexibility which leads into making the SC more repressible and robust. Methodology: The research work was carried out in two different stages. In first stage extensive review was performed over the studies related with the disruptions in SC to identify the major challenging aspects and in consequent section analysis is presented. Conclusion: This research work confirms that Industry 4.0 tools and technologies are effective in building a resilient and robust SC at different stages. It is also noticed that Industry 4.0 tools and technology applications result into more explicit and implicit benefits to the SC in pre-turmoil and reclamation stage. Practical Contribution: The research work may help to know about the key areas of the SC followed with the application of Industry 4.0 tools and technologies to make the SC more resilient and robust for continuity of business.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61463/ijnrefm.vol.2.issue3.106