Volume 3 Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2025

Challenges, Opportunities And Economic Of Indian Hospitality And Cooperative Tourism Sectors

Authors: Dr.Muhammed Anas .B, Dr. V. Basil Hans, Dr.Govindaswamy.BK

Abstract: Over the past ten years, the hospitality business in India has grown a lot. This is due to higher disposable incomes, more tourists coming to India from both inside and outside the country, government programs like “Incredible India” and “Dekho Apna Desh,” and the rapid construction of infrastructure. This industry, which includes hotels, restaurants, travel and tourism, and event planning, makes a big difference in the country’s GDP and jobs. The industry has a lot of potential, but it also has a lot of problems to deal with. These include varying service standards, a lack of skilled workers, regulatory impediments, and the effects of outside events like the COVID-19 epidemic. Sustainability issues, digital transformation, and changing customer expectations all create both chances and problems. This article looks at the current state of the Indian hospitality sector, focussing on the main factors driving growth, market trends, and strategic areas for expansion. It also talks about the structural and operational problems that need to be solved in order to achieve long-term, sustainable success.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17174082

Challenges, Opportunities and Economics of Indian Hospitality and Cooperative Tourism Sectors

Authors: Dr.Muhammed Anas .B, Dr. V. Basil Hans, Dr.Govindaswamy.BK

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17181548

The August 2025 U.S. Tariff Hike on Indian Exports: Sector-Wise Losses, Employment Impact and Policy Response

Authors: Dr. Shubham Tayal

Abstract: This paper evaluates the immediate economic impact of the United States doubling tariffs on Indian exports to 50% with effect from August 27, 2025, a move announced in response to India’s continued crude oil imports from Russia and to protect U.S. industries. Using a partial equilibrium framework with Armington-type demand and sector-specific export elasticities, the study quantifies short-term export losses, employment impacts, and macroeconomic implications. Results reveal sharp contractions in labour-intensive sectors such as textiles, pharmaceuticals, auto components, and IT services, with significant downstream effects on employment, GDP, and sales revenues. The analysis further outlines a four-pillar policy response—export credit support, market diversification, compliance and competitiveness upgrades, and domestic value addition—to cushion the blow and sustain long-term resilience. This timely study provides policymakers and exporters with a clear roadmap to navigate the tariff shock and safeguard India’s economic interests.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17192146

The Real-World Relevance Of Brand, Marketing, And Digital Marketing.

Authors: Kanduri Abhinay

Abstract: In today’s competitive and digitally connected marketplace, the concepts of brand, marketing, and digital marketing have evolved into strategic imperatives for organizations. A strong brand establishes identity and trust, while marketing provides the means to communicate value and influence consumer behaviour. Digital marketing, powered by technology, extends this influence globally by offering targeted, cost-effective, and measurable strategies. This journal examines the interrelationship of these three elements and their real-world applications in industries such as healthcare, education, retail, and entrepreneurship, ultimately highlighting their role in sustaining growth and building long-term customer relationships.

A Critical Examination Of Directors’ Roles And Liabilities Under The Companies Act, 2013

Authors: Dr. Honey Sharma

Abstract: This article focuses on the need for Independent Directors in the Indian context. The evolution of Institution of Independent Directors and its impact has been discussed as well. Authors have also made an attempt to enlist the strengthened role of Independent Directors under the Companies Act, 2013.This article shall elucidate how there is a core set of legal principles that govern the roles and responsibilities of boards and, more specifically, fiduciary duties of care, faithfulness, and good faith, which a board member owes. The article explores deep-rooted expectations about the board's duties and roles regarding financial accountability, risk management, strategic decision-making, and management oversight. This paper examines the role, duties, liabilities and evolving expectations of company directors under the Companies Act, 2013. The Board of Directors play a vital role as a bridge between the shareholders and the management, hence forming a necessary constituent of the corporate governance system. The Act codified directors’ fiduciary duties, introduced statutory responsibilities for independent directors, and tightened compliance and governance standards. Using doctrinal legal research and analysis of landmark decisions (illustrated with the Tata–Mystery controversy), the paper critically assesses whether the Act has effectively balanced board autonomy and stakeholder protection. It identifies gaps — such as enforcement challenges, the practical effectiveness of independent directors, nominee-director tensions, and a missing explicit ESG duty — and recommends legislative and administrative reforms to strengthen director accountability and corporate governance.

Influence Of Digital Marketing On Genzs Purchase Intentions In Emerging Markets

Authors: Mrs. S. Manjula, Mrs. V. Suganya, Dr. J. Jayasudha, Dr. S. Vanitha

Abstract: Digital marketing has become a central driver of consumer behavior, particularly among Generation Z (Gen Z), who are digitally immersed and highly active on social media platforms. This study investigates the influence of digital marketing, with a specific focus on influencer marketing, on the purchase intentions of Gen Z consumers in emerging markets. Gen Z differs from previous generations in that they prioritize peer recommendations, authentic storytelling, and credible influencers over conventional advertising. The research examines the effect of key influencer characteristics—credibility, trustworthiness, authenticity, and perceived expertise—on Gen Z’s attitudes, trust, and actual purchase behavior. In addition, the study explores the moderating role of peer influence and social validation, including likes, shares, and follower interactions, in shaping purchase decisions. A quantitative survey-based methodology was employed, collecting 300 valid responses from Gen Z participants across major urban centers in India. Constructs were measured using structured Likert-scale questionnaires, and data were analyzed using regression and chi-square techniques. Results indicate that influencer credibility significantly predicts purchase intentions, while trustworthiness and authenticity strengthen emotional engagement and positive brand perception. Perceived expertise positively affects actual purchasing behavior, and social validation through digital communities further amplifies consumer decisions. The findings underscore that influencer marketing is not merely a promotional tool but a strategic mechanism that shapes values, trust, and behavior among young consumers. For marketers in emerging markets, campaigns emphasizing authenticity, content relevance, and transparency generate higher engagement and conversion rates. The study concludes by recommending that brands adopt long-term relationship-building strategies with influencers to align with Gen Z’s values and enhance sustainable consumer engagement.

To Study Awareness Of Green Marketing Among Consumers, With A Special Reference Sinnar, Nashik.

Authors: Dr. Kishor Devidas Pakhale

Abstract: Green marketing is today hot topic. Companies are used green marketing process, and they are show how our product is beneficial to environment. They are suggesting if you have using or purchasing our product than you are a close friend of environment. for this process companies are using various green marketing tools, techniques and strategies.in this awareness program company are investing huge money. this research are shows that customer is really aware or not aware green marketing .and if they are aware, to see whether they use it in their daily lives or not.in this paper used SPSS software chi square test for research methodology.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17248627

Artificial Intelligence And Work Design: New Avenues For Human–Computer Collaboration

Authors: Arockiasamy Selvanayagam, Ramkumar N, Vikkraman P

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the nature of work, reshaping how tasks are structured, managed, and experienced. Unlike previous waves of digital transformation that primarily supported automation or remote collaboration, AI introduces adaptive decision-making and cognitive capabilities that directly affect core job characteristics such as autonomy, task variety, and feedback. This paper explores how AI-enabled systems influence work design by bridging classical theories with emerging practices in human–computer collaboration. Using a technology-augmented methodology combining AI-driven text analytics, machine learning based survey analysis, and simulation modeling we examine the opportunities and risks of integrating AI into everyday work. Findings suggest that while AI can enhance task performance, learning opportunities, and collaboration, it also poses challenges related to autonomy, fairness, and employee well-being. The study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding AI-enabled work design and by offering practical implications for organizations seeking to balance human creativity with intelligent technologies.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17249599

“Evaluating The Impact Of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) On Retail Investors’ Mutual Fund Portfolio Performance”

Authors: B.Kalyan Kumar, Dr.M.Sravani

Abstract: Savings and investments occupy a central role in the financial culture of Indian households, where traditionally gold, fixed deposits, and life insurance were the preferred instruments. However, the liberalization of the economy, financial market development, and regulatory initiatives by SEBI have significantly changed the investment landscape. Mutual funds, with their diversification and professional management benefits, became the dominant choice for retail investors. In recent years, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) have gained traction, offering investors a hybrid advantage: they combine the low cost and transparency of index funds with the liquidity of stocks. The increasing availability of ETFs has sparked interest in their role within retail investors’ portfolios, especially in relation to traditional mutual funds. Do ETFs complement mutual funds by enhancing diversification and reducing costs, or do they substitute them by diverting inflows? This research addresses this question by studying the Evaluating the Impact of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) on Retail Investors’ Mutual Fund Portfolio Performance”. The study employs both primary and secondary data. A structured questionnaire was distributed among retail investors to capture demographic information, awareness levels, preferences, and perceptions of ETFs. Secondary data on mutual fund and ETF performance was also analysed using established performance measures such as Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, and Jensen’s Alpha. Findings indicate that while awareness of ETFs is still modest among Indian retail investors, those who include ETFs in their portfolios experience improved diversification and reduced overall costs. ETFs generally deliver benchmark-matching returns at lower expense ratios, enhancing long-term efficiency. However, mutual funds remain central to retail investors’ strategies due to SIPs, active management, and investor trust. Thus, ETFs are not substitutes but rather complements to mutual funds. The study contributes to literature by empirically demonstrating how ETFs influence portfolio efficiency in the Indian retail context. It also provides practical recommendations for investors to use ETFs strategically, for fund managers to integrate ETFs into mutual fund structures, and for policymakers to expand financial literacy initiatives to encourage broader ETF adoption.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17257312

Examining The Determinants Of Maternal Mortality Rate In Kenya

Authors: Moses Onyango Otiangá, Yasin Kuso Ghabon

Abstract: This study examines the determinants of maternal mortality rate in Kenya with a focus on health system variables and socio-economic factors. Using time-series, maternal mortality rate (MMR) per 100,000 live birth was modeled as a function of female literacy, hospital bed capacity per 1,000 persons, and the number of physicians per 1,000 persons. Diagnostic tests including the Jarque–Bera normality test, Breusch–Pagan–Godfrey, heteroskedasticity tests, Breusch–Godfrey serial correlation test and variance inflation factors (VIF) test and further R-squared test, t-statistic and F-statistic tests were deployed to check the robustness of the model. Results from the study indicate that female literacy has a strong negative and statistical significant effect on maternal mortality, this underscores the role of education in improving maternal health outcomes, conversely hospital bed capacity, shows a positive and significant association with maternal mortality, this suggests inefficiencies in resource allocation and utilization and equally, the quality of health infrastructure deployed. The number of physicians per 1,000 is negatively related to maternal mortality rate but with weaker significance. The overall model is significant (F- statistic, p<0.01), explaining approximately 71% of the variation in MMR. Despite this, the specification errors and evidence of heteroskedasticity points out the systemic challenges in health service delivery. Policy recommendations include expanding female education, improving the quality rather than quantity of hospital care, ensuring equitable deployment of health personnel, and strengthening community– facility linkages to reduce first-delay barriers. The findings suggest that increasing health expenditure geared towards increasing female literacy, hospital bed capacity and the number of doctors is not sufficient; efficiency, accountability, and integration of community interventions are critical to achieving sustainable reductions in maternal mortality in Kenya.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17276024

Infrastructural Development : A Prerequisite For Economic Growth in Nigeria

Authors: Okeke Ijeoma Chinwe (Ph.D)

Abstract: This study explores the effect of infrastructure development on economic growth in Nigeria from 2005 to 2023. The research employed an ex-post facto design, using annual time-series data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and the World Bank Database. Infrastructure development was represented by four key indicators—energy, ICT, transport, and water infrastructure—while Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate was used to measure economic performance. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was applied to examine the effects of infrastructure on growth.Findings revealed that energy, ICT, and transport infrastructure exerted negative and statistically insignificant effects on GDP growth, whereas water infrastructure showed a positive but insignificant effect. These outcomes suggest that although infrastructure is generally expected to foster growth, systemic issues such as underfunding, weak maintenance culture, corruption, and poor regulatory oversight have constrained its impact in Nigeria.The study concludes that infrastructure development has fallen short of its potential to drive economic growth due to structural inefficiencies and policy failures. It recommends comprehensive reforms, including consistent investment in energy generation and distribution through transparent public-private partnerships, expansion of broadband and digital infrastructure, and stronger governance of the transport sector with a focus on project monitoring, maintenance, and expansion. Additionally, integrating water infrastructure into economic planning is vital for improving health, productivity, and industrial output, thereby enhancing Nigeria’s growth trajectory.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17276191

Structured Causality And Ethical Accountability Through Timeline Root Cause Analysis

Authors: Justin Paul Iacouzzi

Abstract: This research explores the application and efficacy of Timeline Root Cause Analysis (RCA) within organizational governance, compliance, and risk management frameworks. RCA is a structured methodology designed to move beyond superficial issue resolution by chronologically mapping causal events to identify fundamental failures. The study investigates how integrating timeline-based RCA impacts organizational resilience, ethical accountability, and operational precision. Employing mixed-method approaches across multiple case studies—including manufacturing, healthcare, cybersecurity, and labor sectors—the research validates three hypotheses: (H1) Timeline RCA significantly enhances root cause identification and mitigative response, reducing incident recurrence; (H2) RCA adoption fosters positive shifts in organizational safety culture and ethical governance; and (H3) AI-augmented digital RCA tools improve the speed and accuracy of risk management decisions. Quantitative analyses demonstrate statistically significant improvements in each domain, while qualitative findings highlight enhanced transparency, cross-departmental communication, and data integrity. Limitations include dependency on data quality, organizational culture barriers, and technology adoption costs. The results emphasize Timeline RCA as an integral governance mechanism that bridges compliance with ethical stewardship and methodological rigor. Future research should prioritize standardization of timeline approaches, leadership-driven culture change initiatives, and hybrid digital-human RCA frameworks to sustain long-term governance improvements.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17279092

Greening The Workplace: A Practical Step To Organizational Sustainably In Nigeria

Authors: Wokoma, Harcourt Opubo , okoh, Emmanuel

Abstract: The increasing perseverance of climate change and environmental depletion has induced organizations globally to have a rethink on traditional business practices. In Nigeria, where organizational expansion and environmental negligence cohabit, greening the workplace appears as a strategic imperative for realizing organizational sustainability. This study explores the concept of workplace greening as a practical and cost-effective approach to promoting sustainable business practices in Nigerian organizations. It studies environmental policies, energy-efficient technologies, waste reduction, employee environmental engagement, and the integration of green human resource management practices as critical enablers of sustainability. Through a qualitative and conceptual analysis, the paper highlights how environmentally conscious organizational culture can lead to long-term economic benefits, enhanced corporate image, regulatory compliance, and improved employee well-being. The study further emphasizes the role of leadership commitment and employee participation in fostering a green workplace. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a paradigm shift in Nigeria’s corporate sector toward sustainability by adopting environmentally responsible practices that align with global sustainable development goals (SDGs). The findings underscore that greening the workplace is not merely an environmental obligation, but a practical pathway to achieving holistic organizational success in Nigeria’s evolving socio-economic landscape.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17300673

An Analytical Study On The Adoption And Usage Patterns Of Online Payment Applications Among Customers

Authors: S.Manjula, Dr.S.Krithiga Maheswari

Abstract: This study examines the adoption and usage patterns of online payment applications, emphasizing the influence of demographic factors, perceived convenience, ease of use, trust, and security. Data were collected from 200 active users through a structured questionnaire and analyzed to identify key determinants of adoption and continued usage. Results indicate that age, income, education, and location significantly shape usage frequency, while convenience, trust, and security perceptions strongly drive sustained engagement. Customer satisfaction was found to positively impact retention and loyalty, reducing switching tendencies. The findings provide actionable insights for service providers to optimize user experience, build trust, and strengthen long-term customer relationships.

A Review Of Religious Tourism In India

Authors: Dr.Muhammed Anas.B, Mr. Manjunath V.Bhandari, Dr. V. Basil V.Hans3

Abstract: Religious tourism in India represents one of the oldest and most significant forms of travel, deeply rooted in the country’s cultural and spiritual traditions. As the birthplace of major world religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, and home to Islam, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism, India offers a diverse spiritual geography. Ancient scriptures like the Vedas, Puranas, Upanishads, and epics describe the sacredness of Indian land, highlighting mountains, rivers, and shrines as divine abodes. The presence of pilgrimage centers such as the Char Dham, Kashi, Bodh Gaya, Golden Temple, Velankanni, and Ajmer Sharif reflects the confluence of faiths. Religious tourism not only strengthens spiritual devotion but also promotes cultural identity, interfaith harmony, and economic growth through pilgrim circuits and festivals. This paper explores the historical roots, major circuits, mythological significance, cultural and economic impacts, modern initiatives, and challenges of religious tourism in India. The analysis highlights India’s unique role as a spiritual destination and suggests strategies to enhance the sector sustainably

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17320608

Organizational Conflict And Employee Performance: Evidence From The Banking Industry In Madhya Pradesh

Authors: Sumit Kumar Ghosh, Dr.Virat Jaiswal

Abstract: The banking industry in Madhya Pradesh (MP) has been expanding very fast, with mounting competition and growing operational requirements putting employees at the center of service provision and subjecting them to significant workplace pressure. Conflict management within the organization has become a crucial determinant of employee performance, job satisfaction, and overall organizational effectiveness. This research explores the type and effect of workplace disputes among public, private, and cooperative banks in MP and examines how conflict management practices play a mediating role in employee outcomes. Empirical data were gathered using a survey of 250 employees, spanning different positions and experience, and were analyzed with regression and correlation to determine the interplay among levels of conflict, conflict resolution styles, and employee performance metrics. The results show that intense levels of unmanaged conflict substantially lower job satisfaction, impair productivity, and augment absenteeism, demonstrating the negative consequences of unaddressed conflict on employees as well as organizational performance. In contrast, institutionalized and systematic conflict resolution mechanisms like defining job responsibilities, initiating equitable promotion policies, encouraging open communication, and offering targeted training were shown to increase productivity, increase employee morale, and enable better service delivery. The research also suggests that moderate task conflict is likely to be a plus in high-performing teams, pointing to the complex use of conflict to trigger problem-solving and creativity. These findings provide practical advice to human resource managers and policymakers on the importance of internalizing constructive conflict resolution mechanisms and making them part of organizational policy. Overall, the study emphasizes that effective conflict management is not only an HR priority but also a strategic imperative to maintain performance and competitiveness in Indian banking.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17325085

Impact Of Regulatory Framework On The Investments In Indian Renewable Energy Industry_643

Authors: Korukonda Sreedhara Babu

Abstract: Economic growth and Energy sustainability are key parameters for any country to grow and excel in their business operations. Renewable Energy is playing a key role in achieving this objective. Investments in renewable energy sources are considered as effective means towards energy independence. Hence several policies have been implemented by the Government of India to promote the renewable energy sources. This paper discusses the relation between renewable energy policies and renewable energy investments in India. The objective of this paper is to emphasize the renewable energy investment decisions influenced by renewable energy policies. This paper outlines a conceptual frame work and qualitative analysis to understand the factors affecting investors decision and its linkage with regulatory frame work in India. The results suggests that the policies increases the growth of the renewable energy in India.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17356080

A Study On Time And Stress Management Among Law Students Balancing Academics And Internships

Authors: Ponmalar B, Dr.S. Maruthavijayan

Abstract: This study investigates the challenges faced by law students in managing academic commitments alongside internship responsibilities, with a particular focus on the sources and impacts of academic stress and the effectiveness of time management strategies. Utilising both primary survey data and reviews of contemporary research literature, the analysis identifies that heavy workloads, frequent deadlines, and insufficient institutional support are primary contributors to elevated stress levels among law students. The findings indicate that students who employ structured time management techniques such as planners and task lists and those with access to supportive mentors and counselling resources, experience reduced stress and greater overall well-being. The study emphasises the need for law institutions to offer flexible deadlines, improved access to mentorship, and dedicated mental health resources. These interventions are crucial for promoting student success, fostering resilience, and enhancing the overall quality of legal education. The results underscore the need for institutional support systems, such as academic counselling, stress management workshops, and flexible internship coordination, to enhance student well-being and performance. The study concludes that time management training and psychological resilience-building should be integrated into the legal education curriculum to promote holistic professional development.

A Study On Consumer Perception Of Organic Food Products In Bangalore

Authors: Pradeep P

Abstract: Despite the rapid rise of the organic food industry in India, many businesses continue to face challenges in maintaining consistent consumer trust and perception. As consumer experience in this sector depends heavily on certification authenticity, health consciousness, and availability, these elements have become critical determinants of purchase intention. This study investigates the factors influencing consumer perception of organic food products in Bangalore, focusing on dimensions such as health consciousness, price sensitivity, certification trust, awareness, and product availability. The literature strongly supports the role of these variables in shaping consumer confidence, satisfaction, and willingness to pay for organic products. A conceptual framework linking these dimensions to consumer perception is developed based on a comprehensive review of existing research, with hypotheses designed to empirically test these relationships within the Bengaluru market context. Previous studies have not developed a holistic model that simultaneously considers health, economic, and trust- related factors affecting consumer perception in the Indian organic market. This study advances the literature by proposing an integrated conceptual model that connects awareness, trust, and perceived value to consumer behavior. It provides a structured understanding of how psychological, economic, and informational factors collectively shape consumer perception and buying intention toward organic food. The framework offers meaningful insights for both scholars and practitioners, showing how health motivation, certification reliability, and affordability jointly enhance the perceived credibility of organic products. It also holds practical significance for marketers, retailers, and policymakers seeking strategies to improve certification transparency, reduce affordability barriers, and strengthen consumer confidence in a competitive, evolving market. Overall, this research aims to provide new perspectives on how trust, awareness, and economic accessibility jointly drive perception and adoption of organic food in Bangalore. It emphasizes the need for aligning consumer education with certification credibility to foster long-term loyalty and sustainable growth in the organic food sector.

Marketing Strategies Of Selected Cellular Service Providers In Bhopal Madhya Pradesh: A Comparative Study

Authors: Dr. Mahesh Dutta Mishra

Abstract: India is presently the world’s alternate-largest telecommunications request with a subscriber base of 119 crores registered in December 2023 (Times of India, Feb 23). The Indian cellular service frugality is growing hastily and contributes mainly to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), according to a report prepared by the (GSM Association, GSMA) in collaboration with the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). The country is the fourth-largest app frugality in the world. A liberal supporter of reform programs, the Government of India has been contributing along with strong consumer demand as well as rapid-fire growth in the Indian telecom sector (investindia.gov.in). The government has enabled easy request access to telecom outfits and a fair and hands-on nonsupervisory frame, that has assured the vacuity of telecom services to consumers at reasonable prices (PIB, Delhi 2024). The deregulation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) morals has made the sector one of the swift-growing and top five employment occasion directors in the country (OCED, 202). The changing requirements of information communication and telecom have paved the way for innovative marketing strategies. This paper deals with, the marketing blend strategies espoused by the select cellular service providers within the named areas of Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh.