Volume 3 Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2025

Challenges, Opportunities And Economic Of Indian Hospitality And Cooperative Tourism Sectors

Authors: Dr.Muhammed Anas .B, Dr. V. Basil Hans, Dr.Govindaswamy.BK

Abstract: Over the past ten years, the hospitality business in India has grown a lot. This is due to higher disposable incomes, more tourists coming to India from both inside and outside the country, government programs like “Incredible India” and “Dekho Apna Desh,” and the rapid construction of infrastructure. This industry, which includes hotels, restaurants, travel and tourism, and event planning, makes a big difference in the country’s GDP and jobs. The industry has a lot of potential, but it also has a lot of problems to deal with. These include varying service standards, a lack of skilled workers, regulatory impediments, and the effects of outside events like the COVID-19 epidemic. Sustainability issues, digital transformation, and changing customer expectations all create both chances and problems. This article looks at the current state of the Indian hospitality sector, focussing on the main factors driving growth, market trends, and strategic areas for expansion. It also talks about the structural and operational problems that need to be solved in order to achieve long-term, sustainable success.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17174082

Challenges, Opportunities and Economics of Indian Hospitality and Cooperative Tourism Sectors

Authors: Dr.Muhammed Anas .B, Dr. V. Basil Hans, Dr.Govindaswamy.BK

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17181548

The August 2025 U.S. Tariff Hike on Indian Exports: Sector-Wise Losses, Employment Impact and Policy Response

Authors: Dr. Shubham Tayal

Abstract: This paper evaluates the immediate economic impact of the United States doubling tariffs on Indian exports to 50% with effect from August 27, 2025, a move announced in response to India’s continued crude oil imports from Russia and to protect U.S. industries. Using a partial equilibrium framework with Armington-type demand and sector-specific export elasticities, the study quantifies short-term export losses, employment impacts, and macroeconomic implications. Results reveal sharp contractions in labour-intensive sectors such as textiles, pharmaceuticals, auto components, and IT services, with significant downstream effects on employment, GDP, and sales revenues. The analysis further outlines a four-pillar policy response—export credit support, market diversification, compliance and competitiveness upgrades, and domestic value addition—to cushion the blow and sustain long-term resilience. This timely study provides policymakers and exporters with a clear roadmap to navigate the tariff shock and safeguard India’s economic interests.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17192146

The Real-World Relevance Of Brand, Marketing, And Digital Marketing.

Authors: Kanduri Abhinay

Abstract: In today’s competitive and digitally connected marketplace, the concepts of brand, marketing, and digital marketing have evolved into strategic imperatives for organizations. A strong brand establishes identity and trust, while marketing provides the means to communicate value and influence consumer behaviour. Digital marketing, powered by technology, extends this influence globally by offering targeted, cost-effective, and measurable strategies. This journal examines the interrelationship of these three elements and their real-world applications in industries such as healthcare, education, retail, and entrepreneurship, ultimately highlighting their role in sustaining growth and building long-term customer relationships.

A Critical Examination Of Directors’ Roles And Liabilities Under The Companies Act, 2013

Authors: Dr. Honey Sharma

Abstract: This article focuses on the need for Independent Directors in the Indian context. The evolution of Institution of Independent Directors and its impact has been discussed as well. Authors have also made an attempt to enlist the strengthened role of Independent Directors under the Companies Act, 2013.This article shall elucidate how there is a core set of legal principles that govern the roles and responsibilities of boards and, more specifically, fiduciary duties of care, faithfulness, and good faith, which a board member owes. The article explores deep-rooted expectations about the board's duties and roles regarding financial accountability, risk management, strategic decision-making, and management oversight. This paper examines the role, duties, liabilities and evolving expectations of company directors under the Companies Act, 2013. The Board of Directors play a vital role as a bridge between the shareholders and the management, hence forming a necessary constituent of the corporate governance system. The Act codified directors’ fiduciary duties, introduced statutory responsibilities for independent directors, and tightened compliance and governance standards. Using doctrinal legal research and analysis of landmark decisions (illustrated with the Tata–Mystery controversy), the paper critically assesses whether the Act has effectively balanced board autonomy and stakeholder protection. It identifies gaps — such as enforcement challenges, the practical effectiveness of independent directors, nominee-director tensions, and a missing explicit ESG duty — and recommends legislative and administrative reforms to strengthen director accountability and corporate governance.

Influence Of Digital Marketing On Genzs Purchase Intentions In Emerging Markets

Authors: Mrs. S. Manjula, Mrs. V. Suganya, Dr. J. Jayasudha, Dr. S. Vanitha

Abstract: Digital marketing has become a central driver of consumer behavior, particularly among Generation Z (Gen Z), who are digitally immersed and highly active on social media platforms. This study investigates the influence of digital marketing, with a specific focus on influencer marketing, on the purchase intentions of Gen Z consumers in emerging markets. Gen Z differs from previous generations in that they prioritize peer recommendations, authentic storytelling, and credible influencers over conventional advertising. The research examines the effect of key influencer characteristics—credibility, trustworthiness, authenticity, and perceived expertise—on Gen Z’s attitudes, trust, and actual purchase behavior. In addition, the study explores the moderating role of peer influence and social validation, including likes, shares, and follower interactions, in shaping purchase decisions. A quantitative survey-based methodology was employed, collecting 300 valid responses from Gen Z participants across major urban centers in India. Constructs were measured using structured Likert-scale questionnaires, and data were analyzed using regression and chi-square techniques. Results indicate that influencer credibility significantly predicts purchase intentions, while trustworthiness and authenticity strengthen emotional engagement and positive brand perception. Perceived expertise positively affects actual purchasing behavior, and social validation through digital communities further amplifies consumer decisions. The findings underscore that influencer marketing is not merely a promotional tool but a strategic mechanism that shapes values, trust, and behavior among young consumers. For marketers in emerging markets, campaigns emphasizing authenticity, content relevance, and transparency generate higher engagement and conversion rates. The study concludes by recommending that brands adopt long-term relationship-building strategies with influencers to align with Gen Z’s values and enhance sustainable consumer engagement.

To Study Awareness Of Green Marketing Among Consumers, With A Special Reference Sinnar, Nashik.

Authors: Dr. Kishor Devidas Pakhale

Abstract: Green marketing is today hot topic. Companies are used green marketing process, and they are show how our product is beneficial to environment. They are suggesting if you have using or purchasing our product than you are a close friend of environment. for this process companies are using various green marketing tools, techniques and strategies.in this awareness program company are investing huge money. this research are shows that customer is really aware or not aware green marketing .and if they are aware, to see whether they use it in their daily lives or not.in this paper used SPSS software chi square test for research methodology.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17248627

Artificial Intelligence And Work Design: New Avenues For Human–Computer Collaboration

Authors: Arockiasamy Selvanayagam, Ramkumar N, Vikkraman P

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the nature of work, reshaping how tasks are structured, managed, and experienced. Unlike previous waves of digital transformation that primarily supported automation or remote collaboration, AI introduces adaptive decision-making and cognitive capabilities that directly affect core job characteristics such as autonomy, task variety, and feedback. This paper explores how AI-enabled systems influence work design by bridging classical theories with emerging practices in human–computer collaboration. Using a technology-augmented methodology combining AI-driven text analytics, machine learning based survey analysis, and simulation modeling we examine the opportunities and risks of integrating AI into everyday work. Findings suggest that while AI can enhance task performance, learning opportunities, and collaboration, it also poses challenges related to autonomy, fairness, and employee well-being. The study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding AI-enabled work design and by offering practical implications for organizations seeking to balance human creativity with intelligent technologies.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17249599

“Evaluating The Impact Of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) On Retail Investors’ Mutual Fund Portfolio Performance”

Authors: B.Kalyan Kumar, Dr.M.Sravani

Abstract: Savings and investments occupy a central role in the financial culture of Indian households, where traditionally gold, fixed deposits, and life insurance were the preferred instruments. However, the liberalization of the economy, financial market development, and regulatory initiatives by SEBI have significantly changed the investment landscape. Mutual funds, with their diversification and professional management benefits, became the dominant choice for retail investors. In recent years, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) have gained traction, offering investors a hybrid advantage: they combine the low cost and transparency of index funds with the liquidity of stocks. The increasing availability of ETFs has sparked interest in their role within retail investors’ portfolios, especially in relation to traditional mutual funds. Do ETFs complement mutual funds by enhancing diversification and reducing costs, or do they substitute them by diverting inflows? This research addresses this question by studying the Evaluating the Impact of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) on Retail Investors’ Mutual Fund Portfolio Performance”. The study employs both primary and secondary data. A structured questionnaire was distributed among retail investors to capture demographic information, awareness levels, preferences, and perceptions of ETFs. Secondary data on mutual fund and ETF performance was also analysed using established performance measures such as Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, and Jensen’s Alpha. Findings indicate that while awareness of ETFs is still modest among Indian retail investors, those who include ETFs in their portfolios experience improved diversification and reduced overall costs. ETFs generally deliver benchmark-matching returns at lower expense ratios, enhancing long-term efficiency. However, mutual funds remain central to retail investors’ strategies due to SIPs, active management, and investor trust. Thus, ETFs are not substitutes but rather complements to mutual funds. The study contributes to literature by empirically demonstrating how ETFs influence portfolio efficiency in the Indian retail context. It also provides practical recommendations for investors to use ETFs strategically, for fund managers to integrate ETFs into mutual fund structures, and for policymakers to expand financial literacy initiatives to encourage broader ETF adoption.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17257312

Examining The Determinants Of Maternal Mortality Rate In Kenya

Authors: Moses Onyango Otiangá, Yasin Kuso Ghabon

Abstract: This study examines the determinants of maternal mortality rate in Kenya with a focus on health system variables and socio-economic factors. Using time-series, maternal mortality rate (MMR) per 100,000 live birth was modeled as a function of female literacy, hospital bed capacity per 1,000 persons, and the number of physicians per 1,000 persons. Diagnostic tests including the Jarque–Bera normality test, Breusch–Pagan–Godfrey, heteroskedasticity tests, Breusch–Godfrey serial correlation test and variance inflation factors (VIF) test and further R-squared test, t-statistic and F-statistic tests were deployed to check the robustness of the model. Results from the study indicate that female literacy has a strong negative and statistical significant effect on maternal mortality, this underscores the role of education in improving maternal health outcomes, conversely hospital bed capacity, shows a positive and significant association with maternal mortality, this suggests inefficiencies in resource allocation and utilization and equally, the quality of health infrastructure deployed. The number of physicians per 1,000 is negatively related to maternal mortality rate but with weaker significance. The overall model is significant (F- statistic, p<0.01), explaining approximately 71% of the variation in MMR. Despite this, the specification errors and evidence of heteroskedasticity points out the systemic challenges in health service delivery. Policy recommendations include expanding female education, improving the quality rather than quantity of hospital care, ensuring equitable deployment of health personnel, and strengthening community– facility linkages to reduce first-delay barriers. The findings suggest that increasing health expenditure geared towards increasing female literacy, hospital bed capacity and the number of doctors is not sufficient; efficiency, accountability, and integration of community interventions are critical to achieving sustainable reductions in maternal mortality in Kenya.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17276024

Infrastructural Development : A Prerequisite For Economic Growth in Nigeria

Authors: Okeke Ijeoma Chinwe (Ph.D)

Abstract: This study explores the effect of infrastructure development on economic growth in Nigeria from 2005 to 2023. The research employed an ex-post facto design, using annual time-series data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and the World Bank Database. Infrastructure development was represented by four key indicators—energy, ICT, transport, and water infrastructure—while Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate was used to measure economic performance. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was applied to examine the effects of infrastructure on growth.Findings revealed that energy, ICT, and transport infrastructure exerted negative and statistically insignificant effects on GDP growth, whereas water infrastructure showed a positive but insignificant effect. These outcomes suggest that although infrastructure is generally expected to foster growth, systemic issues such as underfunding, weak maintenance culture, corruption, and poor regulatory oversight have constrained its impact in Nigeria.The study concludes that infrastructure development has fallen short of its potential to drive economic growth due to structural inefficiencies and policy failures. It recommends comprehensive reforms, including consistent investment in energy generation and distribution through transparent public-private partnerships, expansion of broadband and digital infrastructure, and stronger governance of the transport sector with a focus on project monitoring, maintenance, and expansion. Additionally, integrating water infrastructure into economic planning is vital for improving health, productivity, and industrial output, thereby enhancing Nigeria’s growth trajectory.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17276191

Structured Causality And Ethical Accountability Through Timeline Root Cause Analysis

Authors: Justin Paul Iacouzzi

Abstract: This research explores the application and efficacy of Timeline Root Cause Analysis (RCA) within organizational governance, compliance, and risk management frameworks. RCA is a structured methodology designed to move beyond superficial issue resolution by chronologically mapping causal events to identify fundamental failures. The study investigates how integrating timeline-based RCA impacts organizational resilience, ethical accountability, and operational precision. Employing mixed-method approaches across multiple case studies—including manufacturing, healthcare, cybersecurity, and labor sectors—the research validates three hypotheses: (H1) Timeline RCA significantly enhances root cause identification and mitigative response, reducing incident recurrence; (H2) RCA adoption fosters positive shifts in organizational safety culture and ethical governance; and (H3) AI-augmented digital RCA tools improve the speed and accuracy of risk management decisions. Quantitative analyses demonstrate statistically significant improvements in each domain, while qualitative findings highlight enhanced transparency, cross-departmental communication, and data integrity. Limitations include dependency on data quality, organizational culture barriers, and technology adoption costs. The results emphasize Timeline RCA as an integral governance mechanism that bridges compliance with ethical stewardship and methodological rigor. Future research should prioritize standardization of timeline approaches, leadership-driven culture change initiatives, and hybrid digital-human RCA frameworks to sustain long-term governance improvements.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17279092

Greening The Workplace: A Practical Step To Organizational Sustainably In Nigeria

Authors: Wokoma, Harcourt Opubo , okoh, Emmanuel

Abstract: The increasing perseverance of climate change and environmental depletion has induced organizations globally to have a rethink on traditional business practices. In Nigeria, where organizational expansion and environmental negligence cohabit, greening the workplace appears as a strategic imperative for realizing organizational sustainability. This study explores the concept of workplace greening as a practical and cost-effective approach to promoting sustainable business practices in Nigerian organizations. It studies environmental policies, energy-efficient technologies, waste reduction, employee environmental engagement, and the integration of green human resource management practices as critical enablers of sustainability. Through a qualitative and conceptual analysis, the paper highlights how environmentally conscious organizational culture can lead to long-term economic benefits, enhanced corporate image, regulatory compliance, and improved employee well-being. The study further emphasizes the role of leadership commitment and employee participation in fostering a green workplace. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a paradigm shift in Nigeria’s corporate sector toward sustainability by adopting environmentally responsible practices that align with global sustainable development goals (SDGs). The findings underscore that greening the workplace is not merely an environmental obligation, but a practical pathway to achieving holistic organizational success in Nigeria’s evolving socio-economic landscape.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17300673

An Analytical Study On The Adoption And Usage Patterns Of Online Payment Applications Among Customers

Authors: S.Manjula, Dr.S.Krithiga Maheswari

Abstract: This study examines the adoption and usage patterns of online payment applications, emphasizing the influence of demographic factors, perceived convenience, ease of use, trust, and security. Data were collected from 200 active users through a structured questionnaire and analyzed to identify key determinants of adoption and continued usage. Results indicate that age, income, education, and location significantly shape usage frequency, while convenience, trust, and security perceptions strongly drive sustained engagement. Customer satisfaction was found to positively impact retention and loyalty, reducing switching tendencies. The findings provide actionable insights for service providers to optimize user experience, build trust, and strengthen long-term customer relationships.

A Review Of Religious Tourism In India

Authors: Dr.Muhammed Anas.B, Mr. Manjunath V.Bhandari, Dr. V. Basil V.Hans3

Abstract: Religious tourism in India represents one of the oldest and most significant forms of travel, deeply rooted in the country’s cultural and spiritual traditions. As the birthplace of major world religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, and home to Islam, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism, India offers a diverse spiritual geography. Ancient scriptures like the Vedas, Puranas, Upanishads, and epics describe the sacredness of Indian land, highlighting mountains, rivers, and shrines as divine abodes. The presence of pilgrimage centers such as the Char Dham, Kashi, Bodh Gaya, Golden Temple, Velankanni, and Ajmer Sharif reflects the confluence of faiths. Religious tourism not only strengthens spiritual devotion but also promotes cultural identity, interfaith harmony, and economic growth through pilgrim circuits and festivals. This paper explores the historical roots, major circuits, mythological significance, cultural and economic impacts, modern initiatives, and challenges of religious tourism in India. The analysis highlights India’s unique role as a spiritual destination and suggests strategies to enhance the sector sustainably

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17320608

Organizational Conflict And Employee Performance: Evidence From The Banking Industry In Madhya Pradesh

Authors: Sumit Kumar Ghosh, Dr.Virat Jaiswal

Abstract: The banking industry in Madhya Pradesh (MP) has been expanding very fast, with mounting competition and growing operational requirements putting employees at the center of service provision and subjecting them to significant workplace pressure. Conflict management within the organization has become a crucial determinant of employee performance, job satisfaction, and overall organizational effectiveness. This research explores the type and effect of workplace disputes among public, private, and cooperative banks in MP and examines how conflict management practices play a mediating role in employee outcomes. Empirical data were gathered using a survey of 250 employees, spanning different positions and experience, and were analyzed with regression and correlation to determine the interplay among levels of conflict, conflict resolution styles, and employee performance metrics. The results show that intense levels of unmanaged conflict substantially lower job satisfaction, impair productivity, and augment absenteeism, demonstrating the negative consequences of unaddressed conflict on employees as well as organizational performance. In contrast, institutionalized and systematic conflict resolution mechanisms like defining job responsibilities, initiating equitable promotion policies, encouraging open communication, and offering targeted training were shown to increase productivity, increase employee morale, and enable better service delivery. The research also suggests that moderate task conflict is likely to be a plus in high-performing teams, pointing to the complex use of conflict to trigger problem-solving and creativity. These findings provide practical advice to human resource managers and policymakers on the importance of internalizing constructive conflict resolution mechanisms and making them part of organizational policy. Overall, the study emphasizes that effective conflict management is not only an HR priority but also a strategic imperative to maintain performance and competitiveness in Indian banking.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17325085

Impact Of Regulatory Framework On The Investments In Indian Renewable Energy Industry_643

Authors: Korukonda Sreedhara Babu

Abstract: Economic growth and Energy sustainability are key parameters for any country to grow and excel in their business operations. Renewable Energy is playing a key role in achieving this objective. Investments in renewable energy sources are considered as effective means towards energy independence. Hence several policies have been implemented by the Government of India to promote the renewable energy sources. This paper discusses the relation between renewable energy policies and renewable energy investments in India. The objective of this paper is to emphasize the renewable energy investment decisions influenced by renewable energy policies. This paper outlines a conceptual frame work and qualitative analysis to understand the factors affecting investors decision and its linkage with regulatory frame work in India. The results suggests that the policies increases the growth of the renewable energy in India.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17356080

A Study On Time And Stress Management Among Law Students Balancing Academics And Internships

Authors: Ponmalar B, Dr.S. Maruthavijayan

Abstract: This study investigates the challenges faced by law students in managing academic commitments alongside internship responsibilities, with a particular focus on the sources and impacts of academic stress and the effectiveness of time management strategies. Utilising both primary survey data and reviews of contemporary research literature, the analysis identifies that heavy workloads, frequent deadlines, and insufficient institutional support are primary contributors to elevated stress levels among law students. The findings indicate that students who employ structured time management techniques such as planners and task lists and those with access to supportive mentors and counselling resources, experience reduced stress and greater overall well-being. The study emphasises the need for law institutions to offer flexible deadlines, improved access to mentorship, and dedicated mental health resources. These interventions are crucial for promoting student success, fostering resilience, and enhancing the overall quality of legal education. The results underscore the need for institutional support systems, such as academic counselling, stress management workshops, and flexible internship coordination, to enhance student well-being and performance. The study concludes that time management training and psychological resilience-building should be integrated into the legal education curriculum to promote holistic professional development.

A Study On Consumer Perception Of Organic Food Products In Bangalore

Authors: Pradeep P

Abstract: Despite the rapid rise of the organic food industry in India, many businesses continue to face challenges in maintaining consistent consumer trust and perception. As consumer experience in this sector depends heavily on certification authenticity, health consciousness, and availability, these elements have become critical determinants of purchase intention. This study investigates the factors influencing consumer perception of organic food products in Bangalore, focusing on dimensions such as health consciousness, price sensitivity, certification trust, awareness, and product availability. The literature strongly supports the role of these variables in shaping consumer confidence, satisfaction, and willingness to pay for organic products. A conceptual framework linking these dimensions to consumer perception is developed based on a comprehensive review of existing research, with hypotheses designed to empirically test these relationships within the Bengaluru market context. Previous studies have not developed a holistic model that simultaneously considers health, economic, and trust- related factors affecting consumer perception in the Indian organic market. This study advances the literature by proposing an integrated conceptual model that connects awareness, trust, and perceived value to consumer behavior. It provides a structured understanding of how psychological, economic, and informational factors collectively shape consumer perception and buying intention toward organic food. The framework offers meaningful insights for both scholars and practitioners, showing how health motivation, certification reliability, and affordability jointly enhance the perceived credibility of organic products. It also holds practical significance for marketers, retailers, and policymakers seeking strategies to improve certification transparency, reduce affordability barriers, and strengthen consumer confidence in a competitive, evolving market. Overall, this research aims to provide new perspectives on how trust, awareness, and economic accessibility jointly drive perception and adoption of organic food in Bangalore. It emphasizes the need for aligning consumer education with certification credibility to foster long-term loyalty and sustainable growth in the organic food sector.

Marketing Strategies Of Selected Cellular Service Providers In Bhopal Madhya Pradesh: A Comparative Study

Authors: Dr. Mahesh Dutta Mishra

Abstract: India is presently the world’s alternate-largest telecommunications request with a subscriber base of 119 crores registered in December 2023 (Times of India, Feb 23). The Indian cellular service frugality is growing hastily and contributes mainly to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), according to a report prepared by the (GSM Association, GSMA) in collaboration with the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). The country is the fourth-largest app frugality in the world. A liberal supporter of reform programs, the Government of India has been contributing along with strong consumer demand as well as rapid-fire growth in the Indian telecom sector (investindia.gov.in). The government has enabled easy request access to telecom outfits and a fair and hands-on nonsupervisory frame, that has assured the vacuity of telecom services to consumers at reasonable prices (PIB, Delhi 2024). The deregulation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) morals has made the sector one of the swift-growing and top five employment occasion directors in the country (OCED, 202). The changing requirements of information communication and telecom have paved the way for innovative marketing strategies. This paper deals with, the marketing blend strategies espoused by the select cellular service providers within the named areas of Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh.

“Operations Management Strategies For Enhancing Silver Import And Export Performance In Salem TamilNadu”.

Authors: Barath.P

Abstract: The study titled “Operations Management Strategies for Enhancing Silver Import and Export Performance in Salem, Tamil Nadu” explores the role of effective operational practices in strengthening the performance and competitiveness of the regional silver industry. Salem, a city renowned for its silver craftsmanship and trade, plays a significant role in both domestic and international silver markets. However, the post-pandemic era, volatile global demand, and policy fluctuations have exposed several operational inefficiencies in the import–export processes. This research seeks to identify and analyse key operations management strategies such as inventory control, process standardisation, supply chain integration, technology adoption, and quality management—that can enhance export readiness and overall efficiency within the sector. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Primary data were collected from silver manufacturers, exporters, logistics providers, and traders through structured questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data were sourced from government trade reports, export promotion councils, and industry publications. The research examines the impact of strategic operations management practices on dimensions such as cost efficiency, lead time reduction, product quality, customer satisfaction, and global competitiveness. Findings reveal that firms implementing lean production, digital tracking systems, and robust supplier collaboration report significant improvements in delivery performance and export growth. Moreover, process innovation and government-supported quality certifications have positively influenced foreign buyer confidence. However, challenges such as inadequate technological infrastructure, limited awareness of export documentation, and fluctuating import duties continue to hinder performance consistency. This study contributes to both academic and practical understanding by proposing a strategic operations management framework tailored to the silver industry. The framework emphasises integrating operational efficiency, technological innovation, and policy alignment to boost Salem’s export competitiveness in the global silver market. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, trade associations, and entrepreneurs seeking to enhance the sustainability and profitability of the silver import–export ecosystem in Tamil Nadu.

The Role Innovation On Customer Satisfaction For Handmade Silver Anklets In Salem

Authors: Rishikesh.S

Abstract: The study titled “The Role of Innovation on Customer Satisfaction for Handmade Silver Anklets in Salem” explores how product innovation, design creativity, and customisation influence customer satisfaction and market competitiveness in the traditional silver jewellery sector. Salem, a prominent hub for handmade silver anklet craftsmanship, represents a unique intersection of cultural heritage and modern consumer expectations. However, evolving fashion trends, rising competition, and shifting customer preferences have created a pressing need for artisans and small-scale jewellers to adopt innovative practices to sustain customer loyalty and expand market reach. This research aims to examine how design innovation, customisation flexibility, and technological integration affect customer satisfaction and purchase intentions among buyers of handmade silver anklets. The study employs a descriptive and analytical research design, combining both primary data (collected through structured questionnaires from artisans, sellers, and customers) and secondary data (from journals, trade publications, and government reports). Statistical tools such as correlation and regression analysis were applied to evaluate the relationships between innovation dimensions and customer satisfaction. The findings indicate that innovation plays a crucial role in enhancing customer satisfaction through improved aesthetics, personalisation, and quality perception. Customers value handmade products that reflect traditional artistry yet incorporate modern designs and durable craftsmanship. The study also reveals that artisans who embrace digital tools—such as online marketing platforms and design software—achieve higher customer engagement and repeat purchase rates. Furthermore, innovation in packaging and after-sales service contributes significantly to perceived brand value. This study contributes to both academic and practical understanding by emphasising that innovation is not only a driver of creativity but also a strategic necessity for sustaining competitiveness in the handmade silver anklet market. The results provide valuable insights for artisans, jewellery entrepreneurs, and policymakers in developing targeted initiatives to strengthen the local craft economy through innovation-driven growth.

Leading With Heart: The Power of Emotional Intelligence in Conflict Managent And Boosting Employee Engagement

Authors: Krisha R, Dr. S Marutha Vijayan

Abstract: – In contemporary organizational settings, the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in effective leadership has emerged as a pivotal factor influencing workplace harmony and employee engagement. This research explores the intersection of emotional intelligence, conflict management, and employee engagement, highlighting how leaders who "lead with heart" foster resilient, inclusive, and productive work environments. Drawing on field-based observations and employee feedback, the study investigates how leaders’ self-awareness, empathy, and emotional regulation contribute to resolving conflicts constructively while simultaneously enhancing motivation and commitment among employees. The findings suggest that emotionally intelligent leadership not only mitigates interpersonal tensions but also cultivates trust, collaboration, and organizational loyalty, ultimately driving sustainable performance outcomes. This paper underscores the strategic value of emotional intelligence as a core competency for human resource management in navigating workplace challenges and nurturing employee well-being.

Effect Of Packaging Innovation On Online Word-of Mouth And Brand Advocacy

Authors: Assistant Professor Vikas Kumar

Abstract: Packaging innovation has emerged as a pivotal marketing strategy in the digital era, with evidence suggesting that novel and appealing packaging designs can significantly influence consumer behavior online[1] HYPERLINK "https://www.e- journal.uac.ac.id/index.php/iijse/article/download/5285/2061"[2]. This study examines how innovative packaging – in terms of aesthetics, functionality, sustainability, and informativeness – affects consumers’ electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and brand advocacy intentions. Drawing on prior research, we hypothesize that enhanced packaging experiences will encourage customers to share positive feedback online and become brand advocates (loyal customers who actively promote the brand)[3]. A mixed-method approach was used, combining secondary data analysis and a survey of online shoppers (N = 300). Results show that packaging aesthetics and sustainability features have a significant positive impact on consumers’ likelihood to post online reviews or unboxing content (eWOM) and to recommend the brand (advocacy). In contrast, functional and informative packaging aspects play a lesser role. Notably, aesthetically pleasing packages and eco-friendly designs generated the strongest word-of-mouth referrals[2], aligning with recent findings that storytelling and visual appeal in packaging spur social sharing[1]. The study contributes to marketing literature by empirically validating packaging innovation as a driver of digital word-of-mouth and customer advocacy. Managers are advised to invest in creative, sustainable packaging as a strategic tool to amplify positive online buzz and foster a loyal, advocacy-driven customer base

Exploring The Maslow Heirachy Of Needs Theory And Employee Engagement – A Literature Review

Authors: Elizabeth Chambakata Chitanda, DR Leena Jenefa

Abstract: This review study focuses on how the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory is related to Employee engagement. It reviews the assumptions of the theory by Maslow, the stages, challenges or limitations of the theory, importance of the theory to managers and management and proposals for future studies. Past research has concurred with Maslow that humans are need beings and they are affected by their achievements. Maslow Hierarchy theory highlights that the needs are fulfilled in a hierarchy, and for one to go to another level of needs, the first level must be satisfied. Research also clearly indicates that the Maslow hierarchy of needs theory is applicable to many fields like Human resource management, organizational Culture, psychology, sociology, economics among others. The limitations with the Abraham Maslow Theory of Needs by those who critique it are (among others) mainly in similarity of needs by people at the same level, prioritization and order of some needs at the expense of the other. Critics of the theory claim that the theory misses it by not considering other needs as important than physiological needs. In example, a person may value or prioritize other needs eg spiritual being needs than the physical needs based on culture or religion. This ends in rearrangement of the levels in the Maslow hierarchy proposed pyramid. More empirical studies are being encouraged to fill the gaps especially those on the direct relationship of the theory and the diverse population at the workplace eg the Millennial, women workers etc. This will help us to fully understand the different needs of the diverse employees and assist in identifying ways of helping them to achieve them and be engaged

Effect Of Strategic Management On Financial Performance

Authors: Henry Kehinde FASUA, Francis Kehinde EMENI, Oluwabunmi Akindele OLAWAYE

Abstract: This study examines the effect of strategic management practices on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The research was motivated by inconsistent empirical findings and limited studies integrating strategic position, cost-leadership, differentiation, and strategic control within the Nigerian context. An ex post facto design was adopted, utilizing secondary data extracted from annual reports of 55 manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange between 2014 and 2023. Return on Assets (ROA) was used as the proxy for financial performance, while strategic position, cost leadership, differentiation, and strategic control served as the independent variables, with gross profit as a control variable. The panel data were analyzed using Panel Least Squares, Fixed Effects, and Random Effects models, with the Hausman test guiding model selection. Findings reveal that strategic position, cost-leadership strategy, and strategic control significantly and positively influence financial performance, whereas differentiation strategy shows an insignificant effect. The results highlight the importance of competitive positioning, cost efficiency, and robust control mechanisms in driving profitability among manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study concludes that firms should adopt an integrated strategic management approach to improve financial outcomes and sustain long-term competitiveness. It recommends that management prioritize cost-focused strategies, continuous environmental assessment, and effective monitoring frameworks to strengthen performance. Future studies may incorporate additional governance and macroeconomic variables to enhance explanatory power and provide broader insights.

A SHIP MAINTENANCE RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Authors: Ali Alshehhi

Abstract: The UAE's ship maintenance industry is essential to support economic growth through uninterrupted logistics. Ship maintenance ensures that the vessels are always in good condition to avoid delays that might arise due to accidents or breakdowns. Despite the significance, the industry faces a challenge due to the risks involved in maintenance projects leading to delays, high costs and reduced vessel life due to poor quality work. Risks in ship maintenance have persisted with growing models and frameworks to support prevention and mitigation. The current ship maintenance frameworks in the UAE are inadequate. There is a lack of knowledge on the nature of risks and their impact on management within the UAE ship maintenance companies. UAE ship maintenance project managers and teams also lack adequate frameworks they can use to design risk management practices. This proposal suggests developing an alternative and robust risk management framework for ship maintenance projects in the UAE. The exploratory study used the Ship Building company team that maintenance ships to explore current strategies and gaps in managing risks by interviewing 20 members. A thematic analysis led to the development of themes leading to a risk management framework. The results of this study identified various types of risks that occur in ship building companies including materials-related, operational, project management, and resource risks. These risks occur due to many reasons, including machinery breakdowns during operations, limited capital, technology issues, strategic management errors, natural disasters, accidents unsafe or negligence by the workforce, improper housekeeping, and lousy planning or execution of plans, among other causes. The study recommends strategies to address the risks based on the engagement of stakeholders and using risk-based approaches. The risk management framework in this study entails identifying, assessing, analyzing, and finding mitigation measures. Results will inform the body of knowledge through a theory, and risks management framework, explaining the relationship between risk causation factors within ship maintenance companies. The findings will also provide ship-building companies with a better framework for risk management leading to educed risks and improved outcomes such as cost and time estimates.

Uncovering Tourist Satisfaction Through Push And Pull Motivations: Insights From The Wari-Bateshwar Heritage Experience

Authors: Firoj Kabir

Abstract: Bangladesh has a massive potential to flourish in its tourism sector, especially in historical places like Wari-Bateshwar, as it has spectacular resources to present. This study analyzes the effects of motivation (push and pull) on tourists' satisfaction with choosing Wari-Bateshwar as a destination. One hundred questionnaires were completed using Google Docs. Data were gathered from the tourists who visited outside of Narsingdi and the Dhaka University campus by structured questionnaires. The study demonstrates that accommodation availability in the tourist spot gains the highest importance. Gradual importance is attained from the elements- easily reached and cleanliness of the destination, pleasant and safe accommodation, personal security, prices of different products, availability of hygienic food and beverages, availability of recreation facilities, reasonable rent of accommodation, and shopping facility. After examining the post-visit opinion, some elements are treated negatively, e.g., the price of various products (food, drink, handicrafts, etc.), public toilet availability, different recreation facilities (Water Park, sports facility, nightlife, etc.), and shopping facility. This study has extensive implications for further research in tourism.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17550000

Participative Management In African NGOs: A Qualitative Study”

Authors: Yenji Mairou Nekameuh

Abstract: Participative management is increasingly recognized as a powerful approach to enhancing employee engagement, collaborative decision-making, and overall organizational effectiveness. In African non-governmental organizations (NGOs), where limited resources, diverse stakeholders, and mission-driven goals converge, this leadership style holds great promise—but remains underexplored. This study delves into how participative management is understood and practiced within African NGOs, drawing insights directly from those working in the sector. Through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, the research uncovers how cultural norms, leadership styles, and donor expectations shape participative practices. While the approach fosters inclusivity and innovation, challenges such as hierarchical structures and limited capacity often hinder its consistent application. By contextualizing participative management within African nonprofit settings, this study not only contributes to management theory but also offers practical strategies for strengthening participatory governance. Participative management has gained increasing attention in the field of organizational management for its potential to enhance employee engagement, decision-making, and organizational effectiveness (Yukl, 2013). In the context of African non-governmental organizations (NGOs), where resource constraints, stakeholder diversity, and mission-driven goals intersect, participative management offers a promising yet underexplored approach to leadership and governance. Despite its theoretical appeal, limited empirical research has examined how participative management is understood and practiced within African NGOs, particularly from the perspectives of organizational actors. This study addresses this gap by investigating the application of participative management in African NGOs through a qualitative lens. The primary objectives are to explore how participative management is conceptualized, identify organizational enablers and barriers, and examine its perceived impact on organizational outcomes. Using a phenomenological approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with NGO leaders and staff across multiple African countries. Thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns and insights. Key findings reveal that participative management is often shaped by cultural norms, leadership styles, and donor expectations. While it fosters inclusivity and innovation, challenges such as hierarchical structures and limited capacity hinder its consistent application. The study contributes to management theory by contextualizing participative practices within African nonprofit settings and offers practical recommendations for enhancing participatory governance.