Authors: Daksh Oberoi
Abstract: As the Internet of Things (IoT) matures, the volume and frequency of data generated by sensors have outpaced the capabilities of traditional request-response architectures. This review explores the emergence of event-driven cloud systems as the primary solution for interpreting high-frequency telemetry and enabling autonomous decision-making. By decoupling producers and consumers through high-throughput event brokers and stream analytics, these systems reduce latency and increase resilience. The article examines critical architectural patterns, including complex event processing and serverless computing, alongside the integration of AI agents for closed-loop automation. We address the core challenges of data consistency, event ordering, and observability in distributed environments. Through a synthesis of industrial case studies and emerging trends like agentic AI and quantum-safe security, this review provides a strategic roadmap for researchers and engineers building the next generation of real-time, autonomous digital ecosystems.
