Authors: Chandrakala M
Abstract: Education has undergone remarkable transformations from the ancient Gurukula system to the contemporary digital classroom. Ancient civilizations such as India, China, and Greece regarded education as a means of cultivating moral values, discipline, wisdom, and holistic personality development. In contrast, modern education increasingly emphasizes technological competence, standardized assessments, and career-oriented learning. The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has further revolutionized educational practices by offering personalized learning experiences, intelligent tutoring systems, automated assessment, and improved accessibility. However, alongside these advancements, AI has introduced significant challenges, including academic dishonesty, excessive dependence on technology, erosion of critical thinking, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the widening digital divide. This paper explores the evolution of educational philosophies from ancient civilizations to the AIdriven learning environment of the twenty-first century. It critically examines both the opportunities and challenges associated with AI in education while emphasizing the continued importance of human teachers in nurturing ethical values, creativity, emotional intelligence, and social responsibility. The study argues that the future of education should integrate technological innovation with the timeless principles of value-based learning, thereby creating an educational system that develops intellectually competent, morally responsible, and socially conscious citizens.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21675604
